This document discusses different types of jaundice and cyanosis. It defines jaundice as a yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to elevated bilirubin levels over 2.5 mg/dl. The document describes the signs and symptoms of different types of jaundice, including hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive jaundice. It also discusses peripheral and central cyanosis, noting that peripheral cyanosis improves with warming while central cyanosis may improve with oxygen supplementation. The document provides information on bilirubin metabolism and examining sites for jaundice.

1. JAUNDICE

2. Cyanosis occur when deoxy HB
exceed ……. in Capillary blood
 a. 8 gm /dl
 b. 2 gm/dl
 c. 5 gm /dl
 d. 3 gm /dl

3. In peripheral cyanosis which is
true
 a. extremeties are cold
 b. tongue is involved
 c. arterial oxygen saturation is normal
 d. improve with warming
 E. improve by oxygen supplementation

4. In central cyanosis which is true
 a. clubbing may be present
 b. tongue is involved
 c. arterial oxygen saturation is normal
 d. improve with warming
 E. may improve by oxygen
supplementation

9. Jaundice = Icterus

10. Definition
 Yellowish discoloration of skin,
Mucous membranes due to increased
level of bilirubin more than 2.5 mg/dl
 Bilirubin > 2.5 mg/ dl

12.  Normal bilirubin is less than 1-1.3 mg
/dl
 Levels between 1-2.5 mg/dl is
considered sub clinical (sub-icteric)

13. Site of examination
 Sclera (lower fornix) and soft palate

14. Bilirubin metabolism

15. Hemolytic Jaundice

16. Hemolytic jaundice
 Lemon yellow
 Pallor
 Normal urine- acholuric (darken on
standing)
 Dark stool

17. Hepatocellualr jaundice

18. Hepatocellualr jaundice
Orange yellow
Manifestations of Hepatocellular
failure, Cirrhosis
Dark urine
Clay stool

19. Obstructive Jaundice

20. Obstructive Jaundice
• Olive green (deep)
• Itching
• Frothy Dark urine
• Clay stool
• Steatorhea

21. Unilateral jaundice

22. DD Of jaundice
 Racial in Negros
 Atebrin
 Hypercarotimemia (not in sclera)
 Picric acid toxicity
 Uremia
 Xanthomatosis

23. Hypercarotenaemia (not in sclera)

24. Thanks