Today developments in the healthcare industry, especially the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), have revolutionised the future of diabetes treatment. As technology and research continue to progress, it shows clearly that the future of diabetes is now.
The application of AI to diabetes treatment and management has been one of the key advancements that have molded the future of diabetes treatment in today’s time
The future of diabetes treatment is indeed promising and we can expect more and more innovations coming into existence. Scientists are already speculating about the involvement of nanotechnology in the future of diabetes research.
Development of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) and Advancement of Flash Glu...David Loeser
An in depth view of CGM and FSM technology. Focusing on product knowledge, companies finical profile, healthcare physician reimbursement, adverse events, mitigation of adverse events, and future needle free CGM technology.
Today developments in the healthcare industry, especially the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), have revolutionised the future of diabetes treatment. As technology and research continue to progress, it shows clearly that the future of diabetes is now.
The application of AI to diabetes treatment and management has been one of the key advancements that have molded the future of diabetes treatment in today’s time
The future of diabetes treatment is indeed promising and we can expect more and more innovations coming into existence. Scientists are already speculating about the involvement of nanotechnology in the future of diabetes research.
Development of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) and Advancement of Flash Glu...David Loeser
An in depth view of CGM and FSM technology. Focusing on product knowledge, companies finical profile, healthcare physician reimbursement, adverse events, mitigation of adverse events, and future needle free CGM technology.
2018 Update in Diabetes Technology: Closed Loop, CGM, and MoreAaron Neinstein
A 2018 update in diabetes technology, including closed loop insulin delivery, continuous glucose monitoring, and more. Presented by Dr. Aaron Neinstein, faculty in Endocrinology at UCSF, at the UCSF Diabetes CME course in San Francisco, in April 2018.
2018 Update in Diabetes Technology: Closed Loop, CGM, and MoreAaron Neinstein
A 2018 update in diabetes technology, including closed loop insulin delivery, continuous glucose monitoring, and more. Presented by Dr. Aaron Neinstein, faculty in Endocrinology at UCSF, at the UCSF Diabetes CME course in San Francisco, in April 2018.
AUTOMATIC AND NON-INVASIVE CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTShiij
Glycated haemoglobin does not allow you to highlight the effects that food choices, physical activity and
medications have on your glycaemic control day by day. The best way to monitor and keep track of the
immediate effects that these have on your blood sugar levels is self-monitoring, therefore the use of a
glucometer. Thanks to this tool you have the possibility to promptly receive information that helps you to
intervene in the most appropriate way, bringing or keeping your blood sugar levels as close as possible to
the reference values indicated by your doctor. Currently, blood glucose meters are used to measure and
control blood glucose. Diabetes is a fairly complex disease and it is important for those who suffer from it
to check their blood sugar (blood sugar) periodically throughout the day to prevent dangerous
complications. Many children newly diagnosed with diabetes and their families may face unique challenges
when dealing with the everyday management of diabetes, including treatments, adapting to dietary
changes, and the routine monitoring of blood glucose. Many questions may also arise when selecting a
blood glucose meter for paediatric patients. With current blood glucose meters, even with multiple daily
self-tests, high and low blood glucose levels may not be detected. Key factors that may be considered when
selecting a meter include accuracy of the meter; size of the meter; small sample size required for testing;
ease of use and easy-to-follow testing procedure; ability for alternate testing sites; quick testing time and
availability of results; ease of portability to allow testing at school and during leisure time; easyto- read
numbers on display; memory options; cost of meter and supplies. In this study we will show a new
automatic portable, non-invasive device and painless for the daily continuous monitoring (24 hours a day)
of blood glucose in paediatric patients.
Katznelson, L., Laws Jr, E. R., Melmed, S., Molitch, M. E., Murad, M. H., Utz, A., & Wass, J. A. (2014). Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(11), 3933-3951.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. • DIABETES TECHNOLOGY INCLUDES THE HARDWARE, DEVICES, AND SOFTWARE
THAT PEOPLE WITH DIABETES USE TO HELP MANAGE THEIR DIABETES.
THIS INCLUDES INSULIN DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS INSULIN PUMPS (ALSO
CALLED CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION [CSII]) AND
CONNECTED INSULIN PENS, AS WELL AS GLUCOSE MONITORING VIA CGM
SYSTEM OR GLUCOSE METER.
MORE RECENTLY, DIABETES TECHNOLOGY HAS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE HYBRID
DEVICES THAT BOTH MONITOR GLUCOSE AND DELIVER INSULIN, SOME WITH
VARYING DEGREES OF AUTOMATION. APPS CAN ALSO PROVIDE DIABETES SELF-
MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
3. GENERAL DEVICE PRINCIPLES RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 THE TYPE(S) AND SELECTION OF DEVICES SHOULD BE INDIVIDUALIZED BASED
ON A PERSON’S SPECIFIC NEEDS, DESIRES, SKILL LEVEL, AND AVAILABILITY OF
DEVICES. IN THE SETTING OF AN INDIVIDUAL WHOSE DIABETES IS PARTIALLY OR
WHOLLY MANAGED BY SOMEONE ELSE (E.G., A YOUNG CHILD OR A PERSON
WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT), THE CAREGIVER’S SKILLS AND DESIRES ARE
INTEGRAL TO THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS. E
7.2 WHEN PRESCRIBING A DEVICE, ENSURE THAT PEOPLE WITH
DIABETES/CAREGIVERS RECEIVE INITIAL AND ONGOING EDUCATION AND
TRAINING, EITHER IN-PERSON OR REMOTELY, AND REGULAR EVALUATION OF
TECHNIQUE, RESULTS, AND THEIR ABILITY TO USE DATA, INCLUDING
UPLOADING/SHARING DATA (IF APPLICABLE), TO ADJUST THERAPY. C
7.5 INITIATION OF CGM, CSII, AND/OR AUTOMATED INSULIN DELIVERY (AID)
EARLY IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES CAN BE BENEFICIAL DEPENDING ON A
PERSON’S/CAREGIVER’S NEEDS AND PREFERENCES. C
17. 6.5B IF USING AGP/GMI TO ASSESS
GLYCEMIA, A PARALLEL GOAL FOR MANY
NONPREGNANT ADULTS IS TIR OF >70%
WITH TIME BELOW RANGE <4% AND TIME
<54 MG/DL <1%. B
ADA,2022
18. BGM
RECOMMENDATIONS
7.7 PEOPLE WHO ARE ON INSULIN USING BGM SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED
TO CHECK WHEN APPROPRIATE BASED ON THEIR INSULIN REGIMEN. THIS
MAY INCLUDE CHECKING WHEN FASTING, PRIOR TO MEALS AND SNACKS, AT
BEDTIME, PRIOR TO EXERCISE, WHEN LOW BLOOD GLUCOSE IS SUSPECTED,
AFTER TREATING LOW BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS UNTIL THEY ARE
NORMOGLYCEMIC, AND PRIOR TO AND WHILE PERFORMING CRITICAL
TASKS SUCH AS DRIVING. B
7.9 ALTHOUGH BGM IN INDIVIDUALS ON NONINSULIN THERAPIES HAS NOT
CONSISTENTLY SHOWN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN A1C, IT
MAY BE HELPFUL WHEN ALTERING DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND/OR
MEDICATIONS (PARTICULARLY MEDICATIONS THAT CAN CAUSE
HYPOGLYCEMIA) IN CONJUNCTION WITH A TREATMENT ADJUSTMENT
PROGRAM. E
19. CGM
7.11 REAL-TIME CGM (RTCGM) A OR INTERMITTENTLY SCANNED CGM
(ISCGM) B SHOULD BE OFFERED FOR
DIABETES MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES ON MULTIPLE DAILY
INJECTIONS (MDI) OR CSII WHO ARE CAPABLE OF USING DEVICES SAFELY
(EITHER BY THEMSELVES OR WITH A CAREGIVER). THE CHOICE OF DEVICE
SHOULD BE MADE BASED ON PATIENT CIRCUMSTANCES,
DESIRES, AND NEEDS.
7.12 RTCGM A OR ISCGM C CAN BE USED FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT IN
ADULTS WITH DIABETES ON BASAL INSULIN WHO ARE CAPABLE OF USING
DEVICES SAFELY (EITHER BY THEMSELVES OR WITH A CAREGIVER). THE
CHOICE OF DEVICE SHOULD BE MADE BASED ON PATIENT CIRCUMSTANCES,
DESIRES, AND NEEDS.
20. 7.15 IN PATIENTS ON MDI AND CSII, RTCGM DEVICES SHOULD BE USED AS
CLOSE TO DAILY AS POSSIBLE FOR MAXIMAL BENEFIT. A IS CGM DEVICES
SHOULD BE SCANNED FREQUENTLY, AT A MINIMUM ONCE EVERY 8 HOURS.
A
7.16 WHEN USED AS AN ADJUNCT TO PRE- AND POSTPRANDIAL BGM, CGM
CAN HELP TO ACHIEVE A1C TARGETS IN DIABETES AND PREGNANCY. B
7.17 PERIODIC USE OF RTCGM OR ISCGM OR USE OF PROFESSIONAL CGM
CAN BE HELPFUL FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE
CONTINUOUS USE OF CGM IS NOT APPROPRIATE, DESIRED, OR AVAILABLE. C
7.18 SKIN REACTIONS, EITHER DUE TO IRRITATION OR ALLERGY, SHOULD BE
ASSESSED AND ADDRESSED TO AID IN SUCCESSFUL USE OF DEVICES. E
21. MULTIPLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
(RCTS) HAVE BEEN PERFORMED USING RT CGM
DEVICES, AND THE RESULTS HAVE LARGELY
BEEN POSITIVE IN TERMS OF REDUCING A1C
LEVELS AND/OR EPISODES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
AS LONG AS PARTICIPANTS REGULARLY WORE THE
DEVICES
22. CONS
• Might be affected by oxygen
saturation and other substances
• Anexity
• Alarm fatigue
• Cost
• Unrealestic expectations
PROS
• Better control of Diabetes
• Less hypoglycemic episodes
• Less long term complications
29. CONS
• Cost
• Unrealestic expectations
• Liability to DKA in case of Pump
Failure
• Device attached to the body
PROS
• Better control of Diabetes
• Less hypoglycemic episodes
• Less long term complications
36. Expectations must be tempered by reality
We do not yet have technology that
completely eliminates the self-care tasks
necessary for treating diabetes, but these
tools can make it easier to manage