This document discusses realism, idealism, and Islamic philosophy of education. It provides an overview of the key principles of each perspective, including their views on the aims of education, curriculum, teaching methods, roles of teachers and learners, and the contribution of philosophy to education. Realism believes that objects exist independently of the mind and knowledge comes from the senses. Idealism holds that reality is constructed by the mind and consists of ideas. Islamic philosophy aims to guide students to live virtuous, just, and peaceful lives in accordance with Allah's commands through an education based on the Quran and hadith.

1. Realism
Idealism
Islamic Philosophy of Education
Contribution of Philosophy
Presented By:
Zaheer Abbas
Umair Mehmood
Farukh Javed
Topics

2. Realism, Idealism & Islamic Philosophy:
 Principle of Education
 Aims of Education
 Curriculum
 Teacher
 Method of Teaching
 School
Content

3. Realism Vs Idealism
Realism
 Established by Aristotle
 Claims
Objects outside mind have existence
Objects outside mind are independent
Items exist regardless of human perception and
their existence does not depend on human
perception
 Physical World alone is Objective
 Knowledge acquired through senses only is
real
 Universe is independent of ideas
 Things exist whether or not the human mind
perceives them.
Idealism
• First established by Plato
• Matter doesn’t exist
• External world-Construction of mind
• Reality consists exclusively of “ideas”
• Reality is due to the sensory abilities of
the human mind and not because reality
exists in itself
• Rejects the idea that objects are
independent of our minds.

4.  Established by Aristotle
 Claims
Objects outside mind have existence
Objects outside mind are independent
Items exist regardless of human perception and their existence
does not depend on human perception
 Physical World alone is Objective
 Knowledge acquired through senses only is real
 Universe is independent of ideas
 Things exist whether or not the human mind perceives them.
REALISM

5.  Education is based on science only.
 Emphasizes on behavior and experiment.
 Child and his present life are the centers of education.
 It opposes book learning
 Both the individual and the society are valued.
 It is liable to change according to a change in life.
Principles of Education

6.  Preparing the child for a real life.
 Developing the physical and mental powers of child.
 Preparing the child for a happy life
 Developing and training of senses.
 Acquainting the child nature and social environment
 Imparting vocational education
Aims of Education

7.  Realistic curriculum is developed according to utility and needs
 Subjects concerning day to day activities are included in curriculum
 Main subjects of Realistic Curriculum are (National sciences,
Biological sciences, Physical sciences, Health culture, Physical
exercises, Math Geography, History, Astronomy, Sports etc.
 Curriculum should be scientifically approached, standardized, and
distinct discipline based
 Character is developed through training in the rules of conducts.
Curriculum

8.  Realists emphasize scientific and object method of
teaching,
 Realists emphasize the self-experience and research
experimental method, Heuristic method and
correlation method.
 Teaching methods focus on mastery of facts and basic
skills through demonstration and reitation.
Methods of Teaching

9.  Teacher’s role is supreme because he brings the child in
touch with the external realities of life
 Keeping aside his own views, the teacher imparts
scientific knowledge to the child in an easy and effective
way.
Teacher

10.  According to Realism, school is a socially well-planned
institution
 It is mirror of Society.
School

11. • First established by Plato
• Matter doesn’t exist
• External world-Construction of mind
• Reality consists exclusively of “ideas”
• Reality is due to the sensory abilities of the human
mind and not because reality exists in itself
• Rejects the idea that objects are independent of our
minds.
Idealism

12.  Education is based on spiritualism.
 It emphasizes mental capacities
 Teacher and curriculum are the centers of education
 Both individual and society are valued.
 It is a definite and specific ideology.
Principles of Education

13.  Self-realization or exaltation of personality
 Spiritual development
 Realization of truth, beauty and goodness
 Conservation promotion and transmission of cultural
heritage.
Aims of Education

14.  Idealistic curriculum is developed according to ideals
and eternal vales
 Humanistic subjects are emphasized
 Intellectual- Language, Literature, History, Geography,
Mathematics and Science
 Aesthetic-Art and Poetry
 Moral- Religion and Ethics
Curriculum

15.  Idealistic have not adopted any specific and definite method of
teaching
 They advocate many methods.
 Idealists Prescribe the following methods of teaching
 Question-answer
 Conversation
 Dialogue
 Lecture
 Argumentation
 Intersection
 Book study
Methods of Teaching

16.  Supreme and important place of teacher.
 The teacher as a gardener knows best as to how to care and
develop a child like a plant.
Teacher

17.  According to idealism school is the only place for
regular and effective education
 School is an ideal of pleasing and joyful activities for
children.
School

18. “The pessimist complains
about the wind; the
optimist expects it to
change; the realist adjusts
the sails.”

19.  Relationship between man and universe -> harmony not
conflict.
 Guides to happy life committed to virtue, purity, justice,
and peace.
 Leads to obeying Allah’s commands
 Other pillars of faith depends on pure monotheism
Islamic Philosophy in Education

20.  Rational Philosophy
Ikhwan Alsafa :
 Focus on the individual development and
rationality
 A group of teachers in the forth Hijri century in
Al- Basra, who created a group" Lovers of
Philosophy” , who published numerous
messages about social and political reform.
Three Perspectives in Islamic Philosophy

21. Conservative Religious
 Al-Gazzali: more religious explanation of education
Pragmatic
 Ibn Khaldoun:
 Use of knowledge to build the Islamic nation

22. Principles of Education in Islam

23.  The ultimate goal for creating mankind:
 To know and worship Allah
 ” “‫ُج‬‫ب‬ْ‫الل‬ ‫ون‬ُ‫ت‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ْق‬‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ْا‬‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬”‫ْالل‬‫ع‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬”َ‫س‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬‫إ‬”‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َّ‫ال‬”‫ونونن‬ُ‫د‬‫ُون‬‫ب‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬”
 Prepare Muslim youths in a balanced
 way (life and after-life)
 Develop goodness, piety, fear of Allah in the individual,
tolerance, brotherhood, love, rightness, ability of self-
expression and shouldering responsibility, opportunity to the
individual to live an ideal, pure and happy life.
Purposes of Education

24.  Curriculum: based on Holy Quran
and Sunna
Religious and intellectual
Islamic education deals with all field
of knowledge.
Curriculum

25.  Dialogue, induction, déduction,personal
expérience, intuition,discussion, note-
taking, and analogy
 Ethics: Islamic ethics in curriculum,
morals, teaching and managing the
classroom.
 Practical application of knowledge
Teaching Methods

26.  Teachers: inheritors of prophets' knowledge ” “‫النببياء‬ ‫ورثة‬ ‫العلماء‬
 Teachers’ morals= affect students’ behaviors
 Al-Gazzali: teachers should display strong commitment to Islamic
ethics and values.
 Teachers’ motivation and ethics
 More responsibilities; honest; loyalty for the job=Allah
 Deal better with students; humility, brotherhood; shouldering the
responsibility
 Teach students to use reasoning= everything is created for a
reason= reflect on the universe; evidence
Role of the Teacher

27. Students: seekers of knowledge &
obligated to learn
 Al-Gazzali: Learner should display
total commitment to learning
Role of the Learner

28.  Mother of all Education
 Provide base for education
 Introduced Progressive education
 Involves cultural History
 It give direction to education
 Innovate new ways
 It is evolutionary Process
 It forms methods and framework of education
Contribution of philosophy in
Education

29. Thank You
Any Question