This document summarizes research on using recycled poly lactic acid (PLA) polymer in 3D printing. It discusses how PLA can be recycled through a closed-loop process to produce 3D printing filament. Studies show that the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PLA are similar to virgin PLA after one recycling cycle, but deteriorate with additional cycles. The document also examines combining recycled PLA with virgin PLA to improve properties. Adding 25% virgin PLA to recycled PLA maintained tensile strength after double recycling. Coating recycled PLA pellets with polydopamine also increased tensile strength of printed components, providing a potential method to enhance recycled plastics.
The document summarizes research on the durability of wood flour-recycled thermoplastics composites under accelerated environmental conditions. The research aims to evaluate properties of composites made from sawdust and recycled plastics like HDPE and PP under freeze-thaw cycles and UV exposure. Results found the composites had properties comparable to regular materials and potential applications include decking, windows, and outdoor furniture. Properties degraded after weathering but could be improved by more polymer or coupling agents.
Utilization of Industrial Polypropylene (PP) Waste in Asphalt Binder for Flex...IRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing industrial polypropylene (PP) waste in asphalt binder for flexible pavements. It presents experimental results on the effects of adding industrial plastic waste to enhance the properties of bitumen and aggregates. The dry process involves mixing PP waste with hot aggregates before adding to bitumen, while the wet process mixes waste into hot bitumen first. Tests were conducted on aggregates, bitumen, and Marshall stability of samples. The results suggest that adding PP waste via both dry and wet processes can enhance the strength and durability of conventional asphalt mixes while reducing costs. A case study on a road project in India explores using this method for a wearing course.
IRJET - Evaluation of Aluminium Removal Efficiency of Jackfruit Seed Powd...IRJET Journal
The document evaluates the efficiency of jackfruit seed powder and guava leaf powder for removing aluminum ions from industrial effluent. Key findings from the study include:
- Jackfruit seed powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 92% at an optimum dosage of 3.5g/L.
- Guava leaf powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 84% at an optimum dosage of 4.5g/L.
- Comparison showed that jackfruit seed powder was more effective at removing aluminum ions from the effluent than guava leaf powder.
The document discusses particle coating using dry powder technology. It examines coating microcrystalline cellulose spheres using various modified polysaccharides in a pan coater. The pan coater achieved coating efficiencies around 85% while other equipment like the Wurster bottom spray coater and rotary disk coater had much lower efficiencies below 5% and around 0% respectively due to issues like powder loss and abrasion. The modified polysaccharides Matrix 2 and Matrix 3 produced the most homogeneous coatings with a continuous film. Dry particle coating using a pan coater and these polysaccharides is a promising environmentally friendly method for applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzed the surface degradation of polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with 5% and 10% banana fiber loads when immersed in distilled water, ethanol, and sodium chloride solutions for up to 200 days. Samples were weighed over time to measure degradation and absorption in different environments. Surface degradation was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The researchers found that longer immersion times led to greater material degradation regardless of environment.
This document presents a framework for assessing the remanufacturability of products/components using additive remanufacturing. It begins with background on additive manufacturing, its applications in remanufacturing, and prior work characterizing remanufacturable products. The framework proposed involves key steps: (1) Inspecting components to identify defects suitable for additive repair/replacement, (2) Digitizing components to create CAD models, (3) Selecting and using additive technologies to add material or replace defective components. By analyzing characteristics needed at each step, the framework aims to determine what product properties make a component a good candidate for additive remanufacturing.
IRJET-Evaluation of Sugarcane Bagasse Polymer Composite for Structural Applic...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sugarcane bagasse polymer composites for structural applications. Sugarcane bagasse fiber was used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix at fiber volume fractions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Composites were tested for mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural strength both increased with fiber content up to 3.75% due to better fiber-matrix binding, but decreased above this point because fibers did not optimally mix in the matrix. The sugarcane fiber-epoxy composites showed potential for use in automobile structural components to reduce weight and costs compared to synthetic fiber composites.
The document summarizes research on the durability of wood flour-recycled thermoplastics composites under accelerated environmental conditions. The research aims to evaluate properties of composites made from sawdust and recycled plastics like HDPE and PP under freeze-thaw cycles and UV exposure. Results found the composites had properties comparable to regular materials and potential applications include decking, windows, and outdoor furniture. Properties degraded after weathering but could be improved by more polymer or coupling agents.
Utilization of Industrial Polypropylene (PP) Waste in Asphalt Binder for Flex...IRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing industrial polypropylene (PP) waste in asphalt binder for flexible pavements. It presents experimental results on the effects of adding industrial plastic waste to enhance the properties of bitumen and aggregates. The dry process involves mixing PP waste with hot aggregates before adding to bitumen, while the wet process mixes waste into hot bitumen first. Tests were conducted on aggregates, bitumen, and Marshall stability of samples. The results suggest that adding PP waste via both dry and wet processes can enhance the strength and durability of conventional asphalt mixes while reducing costs. A case study on a road project in India explores using this method for a wearing course.
IRJET - Evaluation of Aluminium Removal Efficiency of Jackfruit Seed Powd...IRJET Journal
The document evaluates the efficiency of jackfruit seed powder and guava leaf powder for removing aluminum ions from industrial effluent. Key findings from the study include:
- Jackfruit seed powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 92% at an optimum dosage of 3.5g/L.
- Guava leaf powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 84% at an optimum dosage of 4.5g/L.
- Comparison showed that jackfruit seed powder was more effective at removing aluminum ions from the effluent than guava leaf powder.
The document discusses particle coating using dry powder technology. It examines coating microcrystalline cellulose spheres using various modified polysaccharides in a pan coater. The pan coater achieved coating efficiencies around 85% while other equipment like the Wurster bottom spray coater and rotary disk coater had much lower efficiencies below 5% and around 0% respectively due to issues like powder loss and abrasion. The modified polysaccharides Matrix 2 and Matrix 3 produced the most homogeneous coatings with a continuous film. Dry particle coating using a pan coater and these polysaccharides is a promising environmentally friendly method for applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzed the surface degradation of polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with 5% and 10% banana fiber loads when immersed in distilled water, ethanol, and sodium chloride solutions for up to 200 days. Samples were weighed over time to measure degradation and absorption in different environments. Surface degradation was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The researchers found that longer immersion times led to greater material degradation regardless of environment.
This document presents a framework for assessing the remanufacturability of products/components using additive remanufacturing. It begins with background on additive manufacturing, its applications in remanufacturing, and prior work characterizing remanufacturable products. The framework proposed involves key steps: (1) Inspecting components to identify defects suitable for additive repair/replacement, (2) Digitizing components to create CAD models, (3) Selecting and using additive technologies to add material or replace defective components. By analyzing characteristics needed at each step, the framework aims to determine what product properties make a component a good candidate for additive remanufacturing.
IRJET-Evaluation of Sugarcane Bagasse Polymer Composite for Structural Applic...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sugarcane bagasse polymer composites for structural applications. Sugarcane bagasse fiber was used to reinforce an epoxy resin matrix at fiber volume fractions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Composites were tested for mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural strength both increased with fiber content up to 3.75% due to better fiber-matrix binding, but decreased above this point because fibers did not optimally mix in the matrix. The sugarcane fiber-epoxy composites showed potential for use in automobile structural components to reduce weight and costs compared to synthetic fiber composites.
Plastic Waste into Fuel using Pyrolysis ProcessIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel using a pyrolysis process. Plastics production has created environmental issues due to plastic waste. Pyrolysis is presented as a solution that tackles both waste plastic and fuel shortage problems. In the study, low density polyethylene plastic waste was pyrolyzed at temperatures over 300°C without oxygen to produce fuel oils with properties similar to petrol, diesel, etc. The plastic waste is heated and the vapors produced are condensed to obtain liquid fuel. Physical properties of the produced fuel, called plasto-fuel, were tested and found to be comparable to petrol and diesel. Converting plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis provides both environmental and economic benefits.
Metabolix - PHA Modifiers as Polymeric Plasticizers and Process AidsMetabolix, Inc.
This document discusses using polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as polymeric plasticizers and process aids for PVC. PHAs were found to have similar properties to conventional ethylene copolymer resin modifiers for PVC, including lower migration rates than primary plasticizers like DINP. PHAs are also inherently miscible in PVC, making them easier to process than synthetic modifiers. Additionally, PHAs are fully bio-based and food contact approved, allowing for higher bio-content and a broader range of applications compared to conventional plasticizers.
Metabolix - Mirel® PHA Polymeric Modifiers and AdditivesMetabolix, Inc.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Mike Andrews about Mirel PHA polymeric modifiers and additives. It discusses Metabolix's PHA technology platform for producing bio-based polymers from sugar feedstocks using fermentation. The PHA family of copolymers can modify polymers like PLA and PVC to improve flexibility, toughness, and reduce brittleness. Applications highlighted include PLA modification, PVC modification, aqueous dispersions for coatings, and micropowders for personal care products. PHA modifiers and additives are 100% bio-based and biodegradable.
The document discusses trends in the increasing use of biocomposites and natural fibers in automotive applications. It notes that crude oil prices are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades, increasing the motivation for alternative materials. Automakers have begun incorporating bioplastics, natural fibers, and biocomposites into various interior and exterior car parts to reduce weight and emissions. Examples include Mercedes-Benz using coconut fiber and natural rubber in headrests from 1991 onward. Many automakers now use natural fibers and bioplastics in seats, door panels, and other components. Research is also exploring nano-cellulose fibers as potentially stronger and more sustainable reinforcements for biocomposites.
Granulator Recycling of Plastics and Glass FiberIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and testing of a granulator machine to recycle plastics and glass fiber. It begins with an introduction to the problem of plastic waste and a literature review of existing recycling technologies. The designed granulator uses a shaft with cutting blades to shred waste materials into smaller pieces. Experiments were conducted at various motor speeds to evaluate the machine's performance in recycling different plastic types. Results showed the machine achieved over 50% shredding of materials like PVC and had recovery efficiencies up to 95% with throughput of up to 31.67 kg/hr and specific energy as low as 238.1 KJ/kg. The granulator performed optimally in recycling plastics at lower motor speeds while achieving high recycling
This document summarizes information about converting plastic waste into fuel. It first defines plastic and discusses its types, history of invention, and common plastics used. It then explains the principle of depolymerization to break down plastics in the absence of oxygen. The document outlines Zadgaonkarsa process, which uses heat and catalytic additives in a reactor to convert plastics like cellulose, nylon and rubber into fuel. The process yields fuel from plastic waste without pollution. The summary provides an overview of the key topics covered in the document.
IRJET- Review on Calcination Drum & Solid Waste ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses solid waste management and the calcination drum device. It provides background on solid waste classification and issues with disposal. It then describes the calcination drum, which separates waste materials and helps produce methane. The drum has an inlet where waste enters and an outlet where fine particles exit. Initial tests found failures in the drum's support roller assembly and guide ring. The document reviews previous literature focused on solid waste management technologies, rotary kiln construction, and stress analysis of kiln components like riding rings.
Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Polyester-Natural Fiber CompositeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research investigating the mechanical properties of composites made from polyester reinforced with natural fibers like cotton and jute. It describes how samples of polyester composite with varying amounts of glass fiber, cotton, and jute fiber were produced using compression molding. The composites were then tested to evaluate properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that composites with higher amounts of cotton and jute fibers generally had higher strength and stiffness but also increased water absorption compared to the glass fiber composite. The research demonstrated that natural fiber composites can be a sustainable alternative to glass fiber composites.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Textile Mill Sludge with Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This study investigated using textile mill sludge as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Textile mill sludge is a waste produced during effluent treatment at textile plants. The sludge was partially replaced at dosages of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the fine aggregate content in M35 grade concrete. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing sludge content replacement, with up to 30% replacement achieving strengths over 30% of the control mix. This suggests textile mill sludge can partially replace fine aggregate in concrete
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Natu...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally analyzes the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites with varying concentrations of banana fiber (10%, 15%, 20% by weight).
2) Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up molding with alkali-treated banana fibers and polyester resin. Mechanical tests for hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength were conducted at different temperatures.
3) Hardness and tensile strength increased with higher banana fiber loading up to 15% but increased at a lower rate from 15-20%. Impact strength generally increased with fiber loading and temperature but showed a higher rate of increase from 10-15% loading compared to 15-20%.
Studies of Degradation of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PPVC)IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PPVC) used for insulation in low voltage cables. The study used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the degradation and emission of phthalate plasticizers from PPVC samples over time. It also evaluated the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation) and electrical properties (resistivity, permittivity, losses) of PPVC samples compared to unplasticized PVC samples. The results provide insight into how phthalate plasticizers can migrate out of PPVC over time, potentially impacting the material properties and posing health risks due to the toxicity of certain phthalates.
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polytheneijtsrd
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. In the present study waste polyethylene which has been easily obtained are used, in dry form with the aggregates like a fiber in a bituminous mix. A comparative study is carried out between standard bitumen concrete and polyethylene modified bitumen concrete with varying polyethylene contents 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 with bitumen binder 80 100 grade bitumen. Fly ash is used as mineral filler material. Waste polyethylene used as a modifier for the bituminous mixes for sustainable management of plastic waste as well as for improvement of bituminous mix. Using Marshall Method of mix design the optimum polyethylene content have been determine of the different type of the mix. Aditya Gupta | Dr. Sumesh Jain "Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26368.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26368/experimental-study-of-bituminous-mix-by-adding-waste-polythene/aditya-gupta
The composites are fabricated by reinforcement of various fibre composition of
short natural fibre into polylactic acid (PLA) by compression moulding. Untreated
pineapple (UPAL) and treated pineapple (TPAL) fibres are used as reinforcement
material to prepare composites of 10%, 15% and 20% fibre loadings. Tensile, impact,
flexural and morphological characteristics conducted on different fibre loaded
UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites. Tensile strength has increased to 40.78% and
44.33% for 10% fibre loaded UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. A
similar increase in tensile modulus of 20.8% and 11.47% for 20% fibre loaded
UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. The significant increase is noted
for the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA
composites. Impact strength increases with increase in fibre loading. Ductile fracture
is noticed in UPAL/PLA composites, while brittle fracture is inferred in TPAL/PLA
composites from the SEM images.
Recycled GRY1 is film made from recycled bag material. It is designed to provide a cost-effective alternative to other eco-friendly products when color uniformity is a secondary performance requirement. Any application where opacity,
strength, and earth-friendly properties are required
MetGen develops and markets enzyme solutions to convert cellulosic biomass into fibers, fuels, and chemicals. Their enzyme solutions enable high yield biomass conversion at low cost and are tailored to withstand harsh industrial environments. MetGen has validated the performance of their enzymes in multiple industrial trials. Their technology platform allows fast design of enzymes cost-effectively to meet customer needs.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on using E-Waste, Luffa Fibre and Fly Ash ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using e-waste, luffa fibre, and fly ash in concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying percentages (5-12.5%) of e-waste and fly ash as partial replacements for fine aggregate and cement. Up to 2% luffa fibre was also added as a natural admixture. Tests were performed to determine the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed increases in strength with e-waste and luffa fibre additions of 7.5-10%, but decreases above 12.5%. The study aims to develop a more sustainable and economical concrete while maintaining adequate strength performance.
Sustainability Assessment of Bitumen with Polyethylene as PolymerIOSR Journals
Now a day’s increment in percentage of waste material due to excessive use of polyethylene in daily
use products has become a great problem. Most of the waste materials are of types which are nonbiodegradable.
These materials require difficult and challenging methods to dispose safely and in
underdeveloped countries like Pakistan it is even a bigger problem of concern. Also the continuous increase in
number of vehicles emphasizes on need of sustainable infrastructure of roads with better quality and
engineering design. Grinded plastic is used as polymer in Bitumen in this research by 0% ,0.5 %, 1%, 1.5 %
and 2 % .The properties evaluated are Fire point ,Flash point, softening point and penetration of Bitumen.
Regardless of the replacement ratio, Bitumen as a polymer had a satisfactory performance
IRJET- Development of PCMS based Textiles for Military AppilcationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing phase change materials (PCMs) for military textile applications. PCMs can control body temperature by absorbing or releasing heat during phase changes. The document reviews PCM encapsulation techniques, classifications of PCMs, how PCMs work in textiles, and properties of potential PCMs like polyethylene glycol. PCMs in textiles could provide thermal comfort for military personnel by storing excess heat from the body during temperature rises and releasing it during temperature drops. The document evaluates PCMs like hydrated inorganic salts and polyethylene glycol for military textile applications based on their absorbing/releasing temperatures, latent heat, availability, and toxicity.
This document discusses using plastic waste as an alternative fuel source. It begins by outlining the growing problem of plastic waste and its negative impacts on soil quality and the environment when dumped on land or in oceans. The study then examines the calorific (energy) value of different types of recycled plastics, finding their potential energy is comparable to fuels like pet coke and coal. The document goes on to describe a experiment where plastic waste was "co-processed" as an alternative fuel in a cement plant. Results showed using plastic waste along with pet coke as fuel increased the heat required for cement production only slightly. Emissions from the plant were also still within prescribed limits. The study concludes that plastic waste has potential to be
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into FuelIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on pyrolyzing waste plastic into fuel. The researchers collected various types of waste plastic and pyrolyzed them in a reactor at 500 degrees Celsius. This produced a semi-liquid fuel that was further distilled. Testing found the plastic fuel had properties similar to diesel, including flash point and calorific value. When used in a compression ignition engine, the plastic fuel showed brake thermal efficiencies up to 27.5% and lower emissions than diesel fuel. The study concluded pyrolyzing plastic waste into fuel is an effective way to reduce plastic waste and provide an alternative fuel source.
Segregation Of Different Grades Of Plastic For RecyclingIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for segregating different grades of plastic for recycling purposes. It first provides background on the growing issue of plastic waste worldwide and in India. It then describes several techniques used for sorting plastics, including dry sorting, air sorting, infrared and X-ray sorting, electrostatic sorting, wet sorting, melting sorting, and hydrocyclone sorting. The document focuses on a sorting technique that uses the thermal adhesion qualities of plastics, sorting them based on their different softening temperatures on a heated conveyor belt. This technique allows for low-cost sorting of plastics by grade.
Plastic Waste into Fuel using Pyrolysis ProcessIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel using a pyrolysis process. Plastics production has created environmental issues due to plastic waste. Pyrolysis is presented as a solution that tackles both waste plastic and fuel shortage problems. In the study, low density polyethylene plastic waste was pyrolyzed at temperatures over 300°C without oxygen to produce fuel oils with properties similar to petrol, diesel, etc. The plastic waste is heated and the vapors produced are condensed to obtain liquid fuel. Physical properties of the produced fuel, called plasto-fuel, were tested and found to be comparable to petrol and diesel. Converting plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis provides both environmental and economic benefits.
Metabolix - PHA Modifiers as Polymeric Plasticizers and Process AidsMetabolix, Inc.
This document discusses using polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as polymeric plasticizers and process aids for PVC. PHAs were found to have similar properties to conventional ethylene copolymer resin modifiers for PVC, including lower migration rates than primary plasticizers like DINP. PHAs are also inherently miscible in PVC, making them easier to process than synthetic modifiers. Additionally, PHAs are fully bio-based and food contact approved, allowing for higher bio-content and a broader range of applications compared to conventional plasticizers.
Metabolix - Mirel® PHA Polymeric Modifiers and AdditivesMetabolix, Inc.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Mike Andrews about Mirel PHA polymeric modifiers and additives. It discusses Metabolix's PHA technology platform for producing bio-based polymers from sugar feedstocks using fermentation. The PHA family of copolymers can modify polymers like PLA and PVC to improve flexibility, toughness, and reduce brittleness. Applications highlighted include PLA modification, PVC modification, aqueous dispersions for coatings, and micropowders for personal care products. PHA modifiers and additives are 100% bio-based and biodegradable.
The document discusses trends in the increasing use of biocomposites and natural fibers in automotive applications. It notes that crude oil prices are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades, increasing the motivation for alternative materials. Automakers have begun incorporating bioplastics, natural fibers, and biocomposites into various interior and exterior car parts to reduce weight and emissions. Examples include Mercedes-Benz using coconut fiber and natural rubber in headrests from 1991 onward. Many automakers now use natural fibers and bioplastics in seats, door panels, and other components. Research is also exploring nano-cellulose fibers as potentially stronger and more sustainable reinforcements for biocomposites.
Granulator Recycling of Plastics and Glass FiberIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and testing of a granulator machine to recycle plastics and glass fiber. It begins with an introduction to the problem of plastic waste and a literature review of existing recycling technologies. The designed granulator uses a shaft with cutting blades to shred waste materials into smaller pieces. Experiments were conducted at various motor speeds to evaluate the machine's performance in recycling different plastic types. Results showed the machine achieved over 50% shredding of materials like PVC and had recovery efficiencies up to 95% with throughput of up to 31.67 kg/hr and specific energy as low as 238.1 KJ/kg. The granulator performed optimally in recycling plastics at lower motor speeds while achieving high recycling
This document summarizes information about converting plastic waste into fuel. It first defines plastic and discusses its types, history of invention, and common plastics used. It then explains the principle of depolymerization to break down plastics in the absence of oxygen. The document outlines Zadgaonkarsa process, which uses heat and catalytic additives in a reactor to convert plastics like cellulose, nylon and rubber into fuel. The process yields fuel from plastic waste without pollution. The summary provides an overview of the key topics covered in the document.
IRJET- Review on Calcination Drum & Solid Waste ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses solid waste management and the calcination drum device. It provides background on solid waste classification and issues with disposal. It then describes the calcination drum, which separates waste materials and helps produce methane. The drum has an inlet where waste enters and an outlet where fine particles exit. Initial tests found failures in the drum's support roller assembly and guide ring. The document reviews previous literature focused on solid waste management technologies, rotary kiln construction, and stress analysis of kiln components like riding rings.
Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Polyester-Natural Fiber CompositeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research investigating the mechanical properties of composites made from polyester reinforced with natural fibers like cotton and jute. It describes how samples of polyester composite with varying amounts of glass fiber, cotton, and jute fiber were produced using compression molding. The composites were then tested to evaluate properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that composites with higher amounts of cotton and jute fibers generally had higher strength and stiffness but also increased water absorption compared to the glass fiber composite. The research demonstrated that natural fiber composites can be a sustainable alternative to glass fiber composites.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Textile Mill Sludge with Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This study investigated using textile mill sludge as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Textile mill sludge is a waste produced during effluent treatment at textile plants. The sludge was partially replaced at dosages of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the fine aggregate content in M35 grade concrete. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing sludge content replacement, with up to 30% replacement achieving strengths over 30% of the control mix. This suggests textile mill sludge can partially replace fine aggregate in concrete
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Natu...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally analyzes the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites with varying concentrations of banana fiber (10%, 15%, 20% by weight).
2) Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up molding with alkali-treated banana fibers and polyester resin. Mechanical tests for hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength were conducted at different temperatures.
3) Hardness and tensile strength increased with higher banana fiber loading up to 15% but increased at a lower rate from 15-20%. Impact strength generally increased with fiber loading and temperature but showed a higher rate of increase from 10-15% loading compared to 15-20%.
Studies of Degradation of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PPVC)IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PPVC) used for insulation in low voltage cables. The study used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the degradation and emission of phthalate plasticizers from PPVC samples over time. It also evaluated the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation) and electrical properties (resistivity, permittivity, losses) of PPVC samples compared to unplasticized PVC samples. The results provide insight into how phthalate plasticizers can migrate out of PPVC over time, potentially impacting the material properties and posing health risks due to the toxicity of certain phthalates.
Influence of additives on the drain down characteristics of stone matrix asph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polytheneijtsrd
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. In the present study waste polyethylene which has been easily obtained are used, in dry form with the aggregates like a fiber in a bituminous mix. A comparative study is carried out between standard bitumen concrete and polyethylene modified bitumen concrete with varying polyethylene contents 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 with bitumen binder 80 100 grade bitumen. Fly ash is used as mineral filler material. Waste polyethylene used as a modifier for the bituminous mixes for sustainable management of plastic waste as well as for improvement of bituminous mix. Using Marshall Method of mix design the optimum polyethylene content have been determine of the different type of the mix. Aditya Gupta | Dr. Sumesh Jain "Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26368.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26368/experimental-study-of-bituminous-mix-by-adding-waste-polythene/aditya-gupta
The composites are fabricated by reinforcement of various fibre composition of
short natural fibre into polylactic acid (PLA) by compression moulding. Untreated
pineapple (UPAL) and treated pineapple (TPAL) fibres are used as reinforcement
material to prepare composites of 10%, 15% and 20% fibre loadings. Tensile, impact,
flexural and morphological characteristics conducted on different fibre loaded
UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites. Tensile strength has increased to 40.78% and
44.33% for 10% fibre loaded UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. A
similar increase in tensile modulus of 20.8% and 11.47% for 20% fibre loaded
UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA composites respectively. The significant increase is noted
for the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of UPAL/PLA and TPAL/PLA
composites. Impact strength increases with increase in fibre loading. Ductile fracture
is noticed in UPAL/PLA composites, while brittle fracture is inferred in TPAL/PLA
composites from the SEM images.
Recycled GRY1 is film made from recycled bag material. It is designed to provide a cost-effective alternative to other eco-friendly products when color uniformity is a secondary performance requirement. Any application where opacity,
strength, and earth-friendly properties are required
MetGen develops and markets enzyme solutions to convert cellulosic biomass into fibers, fuels, and chemicals. Their enzyme solutions enable high yield biomass conversion at low cost and are tailored to withstand harsh industrial environments. MetGen has validated the performance of their enzymes in multiple industrial trials. Their technology platform allows fast design of enzymes cost-effectively to meet customer needs.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on using E-Waste, Luffa Fibre and Fly Ash ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using e-waste, luffa fibre, and fly ash in concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying percentages (5-12.5%) of e-waste and fly ash as partial replacements for fine aggregate and cement. Up to 2% luffa fibre was also added as a natural admixture. Tests were performed to determine the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed increases in strength with e-waste and luffa fibre additions of 7.5-10%, but decreases above 12.5%. The study aims to develop a more sustainable and economical concrete while maintaining adequate strength performance.
Sustainability Assessment of Bitumen with Polyethylene as PolymerIOSR Journals
Now a day’s increment in percentage of waste material due to excessive use of polyethylene in daily
use products has become a great problem. Most of the waste materials are of types which are nonbiodegradable.
These materials require difficult and challenging methods to dispose safely and in
underdeveloped countries like Pakistan it is even a bigger problem of concern. Also the continuous increase in
number of vehicles emphasizes on need of sustainable infrastructure of roads with better quality and
engineering design. Grinded plastic is used as polymer in Bitumen in this research by 0% ,0.5 %, 1%, 1.5 %
and 2 % .The properties evaluated are Fire point ,Flash point, softening point and penetration of Bitumen.
Regardless of the replacement ratio, Bitumen as a polymer had a satisfactory performance
IRJET- Development of PCMS based Textiles for Military AppilcationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing phase change materials (PCMs) for military textile applications. PCMs can control body temperature by absorbing or releasing heat during phase changes. The document reviews PCM encapsulation techniques, classifications of PCMs, how PCMs work in textiles, and properties of potential PCMs like polyethylene glycol. PCMs in textiles could provide thermal comfort for military personnel by storing excess heat from the body during temperature rises and releasing it during temperature drops. The document evaluates PCMs like hydrated inorganic salts and polyethylene glycol for military textile applications based on their absorbing/releasing temperatures, latent heat, availability, and toxicity.
This document discusses using plastic waste as an alternative fuel source. It begins by outlining the growing problem of plastic waste and its negative impacts on soil quality and the environment when dumped on land or in oceans. The study then examines the calorific (energy) value of different types of recycled plastics, finding their potential energy is comparable to fuels like pet coke and coal. The document goes on to describe a experiment where plastic waste was "co-processed" as an alternative fuel in a cement plant. Results showed using plastic waste along with pet coke as fuel increased the heat required for cement production only slightly. Emissions from the plant were also still within prescribed limits. The study concludes that plastic waste has potential to be
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into FuelIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on pyrolyzing waste plastic into fuel. The researchers collected various types of waste plastic and pyrolyzed them in a reactor at 500 degrees Celsius. This produced a semi-liquid fuel that was further distilled. Testing found the plastic fuel had properties similar to diesel, including flash point and calorific value. When used in a compression ignition engine, the plastic fuel showed brake thermal efficiencies up to 27.5% and lower emissions than diesel fuel. The study concluded pyrolyzing plastic waste into fuel is an effective way to reduce plastic waste and provide an alternative fuel source.
Segregation Of Different Grades Of Plastic For RecyclingIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for segregating different grades of plastic for recycling purposes. It first provides background on the growing issue of plastic waste worldwide and in India. It then describes several techniques used for sorting plastics, including dry sorting, air sorting, infrared and X-ray sorting, electrostatic sorting, wet sorting, melting sorting, and hydrocyclone sorting. The document focuses on a sorting technique that uses the thermal adhesion qualities of plastics, sorting them based on their different softening temperatures on a heated conveyor belt. This technique allows for low-cost sorting of plastics by grade.
IRJET- Synthesis of Energy Fuel from Plastic Waste and its EfficiencyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on synthesizing an energy fuel from plastic waste through catalytic pyrolysis. Polypropylene plastic waste was pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed batch reactor at 500°C for 1 hour in the presence of natural zeolite powder as a catalyst. The natural zeolite was modified through thermal activation and acid leaching to improve its catalytic properties. Analysis of the pyrolysis oil produced showed it contained compounds similar to conventional fuels and had a high calorific value of 11,000 cal/kg. The study demonstrated that catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste can effectively produce a liquid fuel and provide an alternative solution for plastic waste disposal while recovering energy.
Biopolymers for Paperboard Extrusion Coating and Converting - SPE FlexPackCon...C. Carey Yang, Ph.D.
Biopolymers have shown promising options for sustainable packaging applications. This article presents an overview of challenges and opportunities in biopolymers for paperboard extrusion coating and converting processes. Material properties, extrusion coating process and equipment requirements, regulatory compliance, and downstream converting are reviewed. The latest developments and emerging trends in biopolymer technology and innovation are discussed.
This document discusses single-use plastics in agriculture. It explains that plastics are commonly used in agricultural applications such as mulch films, irrigation tubing, and greenhouse coverings. While plastics provide benefits to agriculture, their disposal poses environmental issues. The document then summarizes various technological options for recycling and reusing agricultural plastics, such as thermal depolymerization and heat compression. It concludes that recycling agricultural plastics is an efficient way to reduce environmental impacts and that educational programs can promote better plastic waste disposal practices.
Utilization Of Plastic Waste in ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing plastic waste in concrete construction. It discusses how plastic waste has become a major issue due to increased plastic usage and disposal. Researchers are exploring using shredded plastic pieces and fibers as partial replacements for aggregates in concrete mixes. The summary reviews properties of different types of plastics and their potential use in concrete. Studies show plastic aggregates and fibers can improve concrete's strength and flexibility. The conclusion is that using recycled plastics in concrete has potential benefits and is gaining interest among experts to help reduce plastic waste.
Plastics have become ubiquitous in modern life but also present environmental challenges as waste. This document discusses recycling polymers (plastics) as a solution. It provides background on plastics, noting they are made from petrochemicals and come in various types based on their molecular structure. The document then discusses the environmental impacts of plastic waste, including taking up landfill space, releasing greenhouse gases, and harming wildlife. It stresses that identifying plastics by their identification code is important for effective recycling. Recycling polymers is advocated as it conserves resources and reduces environmental damage from plastic waste.
IRJET - Study of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Bottles in Threaded...IRJET Journal
This document studies the use of threaded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and fly ash as reinforcements in concrete. PET bottles are a common type of plastic waste that is difficult to degrade, requiring recycling or reuse. The study aims to evaluate how using shredded PET bottles and fly ash as partial replacements for cement and aggregates affects the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Previous research has found strength improvements when plastic fibers or bottles are added to concrete up to a 2% replacement rate of cement or aggregates. The document outlines the materials and methods to be used, including casting concrete cubes with PET bottle and fly ash additions and testing them to determine strength properties. The goal is to develop a more sustainable
The document discusses utilizing plastic waste as an alternative fuel. It describes how plastic waste is produced in large quantities and poses environmental issues. The document then summarizes previous research that has shown plastic oils produced from pyrolyzing plastic waste have properties similar to diesel and gasoline. The paper also outlines the methodology used, including types of plastics studied, production of oil through pyrolysis, and testing of the plastic oil as a fuel in diesel engines. Performance, emissions and fuel properties were found to be comparable to conventional fuels. The document concludes that plastic waste oils can be a viable alternative transportation fuel.
Use of Plastic Waste In Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
- The document discusses using plastic waste in road construction as a way to dispose of plastic while improving the properties of bituminous mixes used to build roadways.
- Experiments were conducted replacing 6-8% of bitumen's weight with plastic waste like polythene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. This was found to increase properties like ductility and the melting point of the bitumen mix.
- Tests on mixes using 11.5% milk bag plastic waste found ductility of 76.8 cm, penetration of 47mm, and a softening point of 58.6°C, representing improvements over mixes without plastic waste. Using plastic waste in road construction provides an eco-friendly
Production Fuel From Waste Plastic By Pyrolysis (Theoretical part)Alitek97
In our experiments, commercially available shredded plastics were procured and washed before pyrolysis. Pyrolysis it is one of the most favorable and effective disposing methods, the process is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to eliminate the effect of plastic. Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of solid wastes at high temperatures (250- 325℃) in the absence of air (and oxygen). The main process given below:
1. Identification of waste plastics. (PE/PP/PS/LDPE/HDPE)
2. Crash and cut the plastic for the pyrolysis process
3. Condensation of the gas to obtain raw fuel.
4. Collect the sample and perform tests to identify the kinds of fuel produced.
Prevention Of Plastic Pollution And Comparison With PaperJeelkumar Patel
What is Plastic Waste and How to harmful effects of Plastics in nature all things explain. How to manage Plastic Waste Management and explain with case study.
Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap plastic and reprocessing it into useful products to reduce plastic waste. Common plastic recycling methods include mechanical recycling by grinding plastic into powders and melting it, and chemical recycling by breaking plastic down into basic components. While plastic recycling rates have increased over the years, most plastic waste still ends up in landfills rather than being recycled due to a lack of recycling infrastructure and incentives. Common items made from recycled plastic include plastic lumber, bottles, fibers, and other durable plastic goods.
1) The document discusses pyrolysis as a method to convert plastic waste into fuels. Pyrolysis involves heating plastic at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen to break the chemical bonds and produce a gaseous mixture that can be refined into fuels.
2) Three main types of pyrolysis are discussed: thermal, catalytic, and hydrocracking. Thermal pyrolysis is further divided into slow, fast, and flash pyrolysis based on temperature.
3) The attainable region approach is presented as a flexible method to optimize process variables and outcomes for plastic pyrolysis. This allows manipulating factors like temperature, pressure, and reactor type.
Explanation about contribution of biodegradable additive in order to solve macro and micro plastic waste problems. Biodegradable additives added into conventional plastic to be come biodegradable naturally in the environment.
IRJET- A Performance Study Of Polymer Industrial Waste Utilization In Concret...IRJET Journal
This study evaluated the use of recycled plastic waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete. Various tests were conducted on the plastic aggregates to determine properties. Concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% plastic coarse aggregate replacement were made and tested. Compressive strength slightly decreased with higher plastic replacement levels, while split tensile and flexural strengths increased up to 15% replacement before decreasing. The study concluded that up to 25% plastic replacement produced concrete with similar or suitable properties to traditional concrete, providing an option for plastic waste utilization and reuse in construction.
Studies on mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene blended with virgi...IJSIT Editor
The document discusses the mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene blended with virgin polypropylene. It analyzes the properties as a function of both blend composition and number of times the recycled material is reprocessed. The recycled polypropylene was collected from a municipal center and blended with virgin polypropylene in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40. The blended materials were tested for properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength according to ASTM standards after 1, 2 and 3 reprocessings. The results showed the properties generally decreased with increasing number of reprocessings but could be optimized by adjusting the blend ratio of recycled to virgin material.
Production of Conventional Fuel from Plastic Waste and Biomass by PyrolysisIRJET Journal
The document discusses the production of fuel from plastic waste and biomass via pyrolysis. It begins with background information on plastics and biomass. The methodology section describes the experimental setup for pyrolyzing plastic alone or with biomass. Various plastic types and biomass were pyrolyzed alone and in combination. The liquid fuel yield was highest for mixtures containing biomass, ranging from 64-69.6% yield. The quality of the obtained fuels was analyzed and found to be similar to diesel. Residual solids from biomass pyrolysis were converted to nano-silica. Thus, pyrolysis can convert waste plastic and biomass into useful fuels and materials while addressing environmental issues.
Similar to IRJET- Use of Recycled Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) Polymer in 3D Printing: A Review (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.