This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel using a pyrolysis process. Plastics production has created environmental issues due to plastic waste. Pyrolysis is presented as a solution that tackles both waste plastic and fuel shortage problems. In the study, low density polyethylene plastic waste was pyrolyzed at temperatures over 300°C without oxygen to produce fuel oils with properties similar to petrol, diesel, etc. The plastic waste is heated and the vapors produced are condensed to obtain liquid fuel. Physical properties of the produced fuel, called plasto-fuel, were tested and found to be comparable to petrol and diesel. Converting plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis provides both environmental and economic benefits.
The document summarizes research into the effect of different catalysts on the conversion of plastic waste to fuel oil through pyrolysis. Experiments were conducted pyrolyzing plastic waste with four catalysts (sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, zeolite) at 500°C. Zeolite produced the highest yield of fuel oil at 15.2% while zinc oxide had the lowest yield at 13.77%. The properties of the resulting fuel oils were analyzed and showed varying results depending on the catalyst used, with zeolite producing oil most similar to diesel. FTIR analysis identified various functional groups in the produced oils.
Conversion of Waste Plastic into Fuel Oil in the Presence of Bentonite as a C...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that converted waste plastic into fuel oil using pyrolysis. Low density polyethylene plastic was thermally cracked at temperatures from 100 to 450 degrees Celsius in a reactor. This produced a liquid fuel, gaseous byproducts, and a solid residue. The liquid fuel was analyzed and found to have physical properties similar to petroleum and diesel, including a density of 798 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of 2.3 centistokes. The process demonstrates the potential to convert plastic waste into a usable fuel source.
Plastic wastes into fuels ppt for CAD/CAM Sshantan Kumar
The document describes a process for converting waste plastics into valuable fuels like petrol, kerosene, and diesel through depolymerization, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, and fractional distillation. This process provides an opportunity to address both the environmental problems of plastic waste and issues with fuel shortages. The fuels produced through this process match or exceed the quality standards of regular fuels and can be used without additional processing. Converting waste plastics into fuel in this manner provides an economically viable solution for plastic recycling that creates value from waste.
PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FUEL PROPERTIES OF ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL F...Anand Mohan
1. The document describes the production and characterization of an alternative diesel fuel produced from the pyrolysis of plastic grocery bags. Plastic grocery bags made of high-density polyethylene were pyrolyzed in a batch reactor at 420-440°C to produce a plastic crude oil.
2. The plastic crude oil was distilled into fractions equivalent to gasoline and diesel fuels, which were then characterized through GC-MS, simulated distillation, SEC, NMR and FT-IR analysis. The analyses showed that the fractions consisted of mixtures of hydrocarbons similar to petroleum fuels.
3. Properties of the diesel fractions like cloud point, pour point and cetane number were comparable or better than conventional ultra-low sulfur diesel
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel. It aims to solve the twin problems of plastic pollution and the need for alternative fuel sources. Plastic waste would be converted into valuable fuel through processes like pyrolysis and gasification. These processes involve heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid and gas fuels. Converting plastic waste to fuel is proposed as an environmentally friendly solution that generates profit while reducing plastic in landfills and the problems they cause.
GENERATION OF THERMOFUELS FROM VARIOUS PLASTIC WASTESSahil Khanna
Plastics have become indispensable in today's world due to their light weight, durability and flexibility. However, as non-biodegradable polymers, plastic waste contributes significantly to municipal waste problems. There are three main types of plastics: thermosets, elastomers, and thermoplastics which differ in their molecular structure and thermal behavior. Pyrolysis is a promising method to convert plastic waste into fuels, as it allows for high volume and weight reduction with low health and environmental hazards. The process involves heating waste plastics to high temperatures to break down larger carbon molecules into volatile fractions that can be condensed into a pyrolysis oil that can be used directly as fuel or in refineries.
PRODUCTION OF FUEL THROUGH WASTE PLASTIC AND POLYTHENE AND USED IN FOUR STROK...IAEME Publication
In this waste material of high density polythene and low density polythene is converted into recycled fuel by pouring in the close combustion chamber, then by heating the close combustion chamber in temperature range of 110 to 300 degree celsius for approximately 30 minute to 1 hour. Afterwards we observed that waste material is converted into fuel. Then this fuel is used in four stroke petrol engine and we observed that 8ml fuel run bike of 110 cc bajaj caliver for approx 2 minute. Also we calculate different properties of this fuel namely viscosity, density, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, cloud point, or pour point .then we compare these properties of this fuel with petrol fuel. It give similar properties like petrol fuel.
The document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins with an introduction to plastic waste issues and types of plastics. It then discusses plastic waste management techniques like pyrolysis. The document outlines the pyrolysis process, including the apparatus used, process description, and properties of the resulting fuel. It conducted an experiment to pyrolyze plastic waste and analyze the fuel properties and potential engine performance. The aim is to provide a viable solution for plastic recycling by converting it into a usable fuel.
The document summarizes research into the effect of different catalysts on the conversion of plastic waste to fuel oil through pyrolysis. Experiments were conducted pyrolyzing plastic waste with four catalysts (sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, zeolite) at 500°C. Zeolite produced the highest yield of fuel oil at 15.2% while zinc oxide had the lowest yield at 13.77%. The properties of the resulting fuel oils were analyzed and showed varying results depending on the catalyst used, with zeolite producing oil most similar to diesel. FTIR analysis identified various functional groups in the produced oils.
Conversion of Waste Plastic into Fuel Oil in the Presence of Bentonite as a C...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that converted waste plastic into fuel oil using pyrolysis. Low density polyethylene plastic was thermally cracked at temperatures from 100 to 450 degrees Celsius in a reactor. This produced a liquid fuel, gaseous byproducts, and a solid residue. The liquid fuel was analyzed and found to have physical properties similar to petroleum and diesel, including a density of 798 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of 2.3 centistokes. The process demonstrates the potential to convert plastic waste into a usable fuel source.
Plastic wastes into fuels ppt for CAD/CAM Sshantan Kumar
The document describes a process for converting waste plastics into valuable fuels like petrol, kerosene, and diesel through depolymerization, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, and fractional distillation. This process provides an opportunity to address both the environmental problems of plastic waste and issues with fuel shortages. The fuels produced through this process match or exceed the quality standards of regular fuels and can be used without additional processing. Converting waste plastics into fuel in this manner provides an economically viable solution for plastic recycling that creates value from waste.
PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FUEL PROPERTIES OF ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL F...Anand Mohan
1. The document describes the production and characterization of an alternative diesel fuel produced from the pyrolysis of plastic grocery bags. Plastic grocery bags made of high-density polyethylene were pyrolyzed in a batch reactor at 420-440°C to produce a plastic crude oil.
2. The plastic crude oil was distilled into fractions equivalent to gasoline and diesel fuels, which were then characterized through GC-MS, simulated distillation, SEC, NMR and FT-IR analysis. The analyses showed that the fractions consisted of mixtures of hydrocarbons similar to petroleum fuels.
3. Properties of the diesel fractions like cloud point, pour point and cetane number were comparable or better than conventional ultra-low sulfur diesel
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel. It aims to solve the twin problems of plastic pollution and the need for alternative fuel sources. Plastic waste would be converted into valuable fuel through processes like pyrolysis and gasification. These processes involve heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid and gas fuels. Converting plastic waste to fuel is proposed as an environmentally friendly solution that generates profit while reducing plastic in landfills and the problems they cause.
GENERATION OF THERMOFUELS FROM VARIOUS PLASTIC WASTESSahil Khanna
Plastics have become indispensable in today's world due to their light weight, durability and flexibility. However, as non-biodegradable polymers, plastic waste contributes significantly to municipal waste problems. There are three main types of plastics: thermosets, elastomers, and thermoplastics which differ in their molecular structure and thermal behavior. Pyrolysis is a promising method to convert plastic waste into fuels, as it allows for high volume and weight reduction with low health and environmental hazards. The process involves heating waste plastics to high temperatures to break down larger carbon molecules into volatile fractions that can be condensed into a pyrolysis oil that can be used directly as fuel or in refineries.
PRODUCTION OF FUEL THROUGH WASTE PLASTIC AND POLYTHENE AND USED IN FOUR STROK...IAEME Publication
In this waste material of high density polythene and low density polythene is converted into recycled fuel by pouring in the close combustion chamber, then by heating the close combustion chamber in temperature range of 110 to 300 degree celsius for approximately 30 minute to 1 hour. Afterwards we observed that waste material is converted into fuel. Then this fuel is used in four stroke petrol engine and we observed that 8ml fuel run bike of 110 cc bajaj caliver for approx 2 minute. Also we calculate different properties of this fuel namely viscosity, density, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, cloud point, or pour point .then we compare these properties of this fuel with petrol fuel. It give similar properties like petrol fuel.
The document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins with an introduction to plastic waste issues and types of plastics. It then discusses plastic waste management techniques like pyrolysis. The document outlines the pyrolysis process, including the apparatus used, process description, and properties of the resulting fuel. It conducted an experiment to pyrolyze plastic waste and analyze the fuel properties and potential engine performance. The aim is to provide a viable solution for plastic recycling by converting it into a usable fuel.
This document discusses technologies for converting plastic waste into liquid fuels. It describes two main processes: 1) gasification of granulated plastic waste, which converts the plastic into a gas at high temperatures that can be used to power boilers, and 2) catalytic pyrolysis, which uses lower temperatures to break carbon bonds and melt plastic into liquid hydrocarbons, coke and gas. The document provides examples of facilities around the world using these technologies and producing various amounts of fuel per day from plastic waste. Converting plastic waste into fuel is beneficial as it reduces emissions, saves landfill space, and produces a high-quality ultra-low sulfur fuel.
The document summarizes a company's process for converting waste plastic into hydrocarbon fuels. Natural State Research has developed a technology to convert waste plastic into liquid fuels through a thermal process. Testing shows the resulting fuels have properties similar to gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. The company aims to help reduce foreign oil dependency and environmental issues from plastic waste through establishing pilot plants to produce fuel at a lower cost than gasoline.
Seminar on conversion of plastic wastes into fuelsPadam Yadav
This document summarizes the process of converting plastic wastes into fuels through catalytic pyrolysis. Plastic wastes are subjected to heat in the presence of a calcium carbide catalyst. This results in the breakdown of the plastic polymers into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Testing showed the liquid fuels obtained met standards for gasoline, diesel and kerosene. When used in a diesel engine, the plastic fuel provided similar performance to diesel fuel. The process provides a feasible way to convert the 1 billion tons of annual plastic waste generated into useful fuels while reducing environmental impacts.
Fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis
Plastic is used [ PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS] .
By :
1-Ali Jumaah Thamer
2-Ali Kadhim Morwad
3- Muslim Kareem
4-Omar Montaser
Iraq-Basra
This document summarizes information about converting plastic waste into fuel. It first defines plastic and discusses its types, history of invention, and common plastics used. It then explains the principle of depolymerization to break down plastics in the absence of oxygen. The document outlines Zadgaonkarsa process, which uses heat and catalytic additives in a reactor to convert plastics like cellulose, nylon and rubber into fuel. The process yields fuel from plastic waste without pollution. The summary provides an overview of the key topics covered in the document.
PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM WASTE HDPE PLASTICS AND OPTIMIZING PARAMETERSIAEME Publication
In my research of fuel production through waste HDPE and plastic with the help of plastic to catalyst ratio as a catalyst in that first of all i prepare a mild steel closed air tight vessel having a lid on the top of it along with the hole which is attached by a long galvanize steel pipe then I filled the container up ¾ of its height with the waste plastic and polythene then by using external source of heater temperature of closed chamber is arises up to 300o C-450o C from room temperature on which the pyrolysis takes place which converts the waste plastic or polythene in useful fuel whose texture ,odour, colour, and all other properties like flash point ,fire point, cloud point, pour point, viscosity, are almost near to the petrol. After that the outcome fuel from a waste plastic or polythene is used as a normal fuel in a 100 CC bike and found the fuel gives more millage as compare to petrol about 4-6 km. Which increases the efficiency of the engine by 5-8%.& by using Taguchi Technique I optimize the various parameters which affects the production of plastic fuel by using advance technique I found the plastic to catalyst ratio is most affecting parameter.
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: In this study, diesel fuel, Methanol and Waste Plastic Pyrolysis oil with an addition of cetane additive blends were tested in a four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine. The objective of adding Cetane Additive is to improve the combustion of blended fuel and have better performance characteristics for the blend. The Cetane additive addition is as recommended by TOTAL AC2010A. The 1ml cetane additive is added to 1000ml of blended fuel. The main objective of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a diesel engine which uses waste plastic pyrolysis oil in alternation of an ordinary diesel which are available in the market. Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine was used in this study to find out the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions with the fuel of fraction methanol and Waste plastic pyrolysis oil in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diesel at certain mixing ratio of 5:5:90, 10:10:80 and 15:15:70 of methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil to diesel respectively. Experimental results of blended fuel and diesel fuel are also compared.
fuel from plastic wastes( conversion of waste plastic into useful fuels)sourabh nagarkar
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuels using pyrolysis. It begins with an introduction to plastic-to-fuel conversion and why it is needed given the large amounts of plastic waste. The document then discusses the pyrolysis process, how plastic is selected for conversion, and the methodology used. Test results are presented showing the fuel properties and engine performance when using fuels derived from plastic waste. While conversion to fuel solves the plastic waste problem and fuel shortage issues, there are also some disadvantages like lower engine efficiency and higher exhaust temperatures. The document concludes that plastic-to-fuel conversion provides an effective way to address both the plastic debris in oceans and future fuel needs.
This document summarizes a student project to convert waste plastics into fuel. The project aims to address both environmental pollution from plastics and the need for alternative fuels. The students designed an apparatus consisting of various components like reactors, condensers, and storage vessels. Waste plastics are cleaned, shredded, and cracked at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst to produce a crude oil. Tests on the crude oil found properties similar to conventional fuels. The project aims to provide an environmentally friendly way of reusing waste plastics.
Thermal degradation of waste PVC and PE plastic was studied to produce hydrocarbon fuels. PVC plastic was degraded with 5% zinc oxide catalyst at 75-400°C, producing 35.6% liquid fuel. PE plastic was degraded with kaolin catalyst at 400-500°C, with liquid fuel yield increasing from 30.8% at 400°C to 86.65% at 500°C. The fuels produced consisted mainly of C10-C16 hydrocarbons that could potentially be used as refinery feedstocks or fuel.
Waste plastic problem is an ever-increasing menace for global environment. Because of flexibility, durability and economy, a phenomenal rise is observed in the plastic consumer base. Throughout the world, research on waste plastic management is being carried out at war-footing. Plastics being non biodegradable get accumulated in the environment. If this problem is not addressed properly, it will lead to mountains of waste plastic. Being an official out sourcing agent for a leading industry in the country, we offer a state of art solution to this problem.
The document summarizes a presentation on pyrolysis for waste plastics recycling. It discusses the advantages of plastics pyrolysis, characteristics of different waste plastics during thermal degradation, and results from lab-scale pyrolysis experiments and product analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the temperature range for plastic degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified functional groups in volatile and solid pyrolysis products, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters and carboxylic acids. The optimal temperature range for lab-scale plastic pyrolysis was determined to be 400-500°C.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing fuel oil from municipal plastic waste. It describes the current methods for plastic waste disposal in India and why generating fuel from plastic waste is beneficial. The process involves basic pyrolysis and catalytic reforming of plastic waste at high temperatures. Research is presented on experiments converting different types of plastic into fuel using various catalysts. The results show the type of plastic and catalyst used affect the yield and properties of the liquid fuel produced. The conclusion is that this process can help dispose of plastic waste while also addressing India's need for fuel.
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuel by Hitesh SharmaHitesh Sharma
This document discusses the process of converting waste plastic into fuel through pyrolysis. Pyrolysis involves heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce pyrolysis oil, carbon black, and hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis of plastic waste can help address both the growing waste problem and increasing demand for alternative fuels. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for converting plastics like polyethylene into fuel products like gasoline and diesel fuel ranges. The pyrolysis oils produced have properties similar to conventional fuels.
Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating the word is originally from the Greek-word elements pyro means "fire" and lysis means "decomposition".
Pyrolysis is usually the first chemical reaction that occurs in the burning of many solid organic fuels, cloth, like wood, and paper, and also of some kinds of plastic. Anhydrous Pyrolysis process can also be used to produce liquid fuel similar to diesel from plastic waste. Pyrolysis technology is thermal degradation process in the absence of oxygen.Plastic waste is treated in a cylindrical reactor at temperature of 300°C - 350°C. Now a day's plastics waste is very harmful to our nature also for human beings. Plastic is not easily decomposable its affect in fertilization, atmosphere, mainly effect on ozone layer so it is necessary to recycle these waste plastic into useful things. So we recycle this waste plastic into a useful fuel.
Machine Converting Waste Plastics into OilPrasanna Datar
Machine Converting Waste Plastics into Oil
This document discusses a machine that converts waste plastics into oil through a process called homogenization. The machine uses thermal decomposition at temperatures between 350-450°C to break down various types of waste plastics like PP, PE, PS, and Styrofoam into recycled oil. The recycled oil can be used as fuel for boilers, ships, machinery, and more. Testing shows the recycled oil meets regulatory standards while producing much less CO2 emissions than incineration. The machine offers economic and environmental benefits by reducing waste and CO2 while producing a usable fuel from post-consumer plastics.
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins by introducing waste-to-energy and pyrolysis processes. Key points covered include the types of plastics that are suitable for conversion, sources of plastic waste, and the environmental issues with plastic disposal. The technologies used in pyrolysis and its advantages are outlined. Applications include using the fuel for electricity generation and in industrial processes. In conclusion, converting plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis provides renewable energy and economic benefits while reducing land pollution.
This document discusses the conversion of waste plastic into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins by introducing waste-to-energy and plastic materials. It then explains that pyrolysis involves heating plastic in an oxygen-free environment to produce gas and liquid fuels. The process avoids toxic emissions and the fuels can be used to generate electricity or in industrial processes. Overall, plastic pyrolysis provides a renewable energy source while eliminating hazards of plastic waste in landfills.
This document summarizes research on converting plastic waste to liquid fuel through pyrolysis. It discusses:
- Plastic waste management is a major problem in Khartoum, Sudan, with over 1 million tons of solid waste annually, 12.7% of which is plastic.
- Pyrolysis involves heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid oil, gas, and carbon black. The oil yield from plastic pyrolysis is 80-90%.
- The document evaluates several commercial pyrolysis processes and modifies the thermofuel process in Aspen Hysys software to improve efficiency.
- The modified process uses screw conveyors to melt plastic continuously and utilizes uncondensed gases to heat the feed,
Production of Conventional Fuel from Plastic Waste and Biomass by PyrolysisIRJET Journal
The document discusses the production of fuel from plastic waste and biomass via pyrolysis. It begins with background information on plastics and biomass. The methodology section describes the experimental setup for pyrolyzing plastic alone or with biomass. Various plastic types and biomass were pyrolyzed alone and in combination. The liquid fuel yield was highest for mixtures containing biomass, ranging from 64-69.6% yield. The quality of the obtained fuels was analyzed and found to be similar to diesel. Residual solids from biomass pyrolysis were converted to nano-silica. Thus, pyrolysis can convert waste plastic and biomass into useful fuels and materials while addressing environmental issues.
Experimental investigation of thermofuel from waste plasticEditorIJAERD
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into producing thermofuel from waste plastic through pyrolysis. The introduction provides background on increasing plastic waste generation and recycling options. The experimental procedure involves heating waste plastic to 350-400°C in a reactor to produce vapors that are condensed into liquid fuel. Testing showed the fuel has properties suitable for use as fuel. The conclusion is that producing fuel from waste plastic through pyrolysis can both save the environment and provide an energy source.
This document discusses technologies for converting plastic waste into liquid fuels. It describes two main processes: 1) gasification of granulated plastic waste, which converts the plastic into a gas at high temperatures that can be used to power boilers, and 2) catalytic pyrolysis, which uses lower temperatures to break carbon bonds and melt plastic into liquid hydrocarbons, coke and gas. The document provides examples of facilities around the world using these technologies and producing various amounts of fuel per day from plastic waste. Converting plastic waste into fuel is beneficial as it reduces emissions, saves landfill space, and produces a high-quality ultra-low sulfur fuel.
The document summarizes a company's process for converting waste plastic into hydrocarbon fuels. Natural State Research has developed a technology to convert waste plastic into liquid fuels through a thermal process. Testing shows the resulting fuels have properties similar to gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. The company aims to help reduce foreign oil dependency and environmental issues from plastic waste through establishing pilot plants to produce fuel at a lower cost than gasoline.
Seminar on conversion of plastic wastes into fuelsPadam Yadav
This document summarizes the process of converting plastic wastes into fuels through catalytic pyrolysis. Plastic wastes are subjected to heat in the presence of a calcium carbide catalyst. This results in the breakdown of the plastic polymers into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Testing showed the liquid fuels obtained met standards for gasoline, diesel and kerosene. When used in a diesel engine, the plastic fuel provided similar performance to diesel fuel. The process provides a feasible way to convert the 1 billion tons of annual plastic waste generated into useful fuels while reducing environmental impacts.
Fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis
Plastic is used [ PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS] .
By :
1-Ali Jumaah Thamer
2-Ali Kadhim Morwad
3- Muslim Kareem
4-Omar Montaser
Iraq-Basra
This document summarizes information about converting plastic waste into fuel. It first defines plastic and discusses its types, history of invention, and common plastics used. It then explains the principle of depolymerization to break down plastics in the absence of oxygen. The document outlines Zadgaonkarsa process, which uses heat and catalytic additives in a reactor to convert plastics like cellulose, nylon and rubber into fuel. The process yields fuel from plastic waste without pollution. The summary provides an overview of the key topics covered in the document.
PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM WASTE HDPE PLASTICS AND OPTIMIZING PARAMETERSIAEME Publication
In my research of fuel production through waste HDPE and plastic with the help of plastic to catalyst ratio as a catalyst in that first of all i prepare a mild steel closed air tight vessel having a lid on the top of it along with the hole which is attached by a long galvanize steel pipe then I filled the container up ¾ of its height with the waste plastic and polythene then by using external source of heater temperature of closed chamber is arises up to 300o C-450o C from room temperature on which the pyrolysis takes place which converts the waste plastic or polythene in useful fuel whose texture ,odour, colour, and all other properties like flash point ,fire point, cloud point, pour point, viscosity, are almost near to the petrol. After that the outcome fuel from a waste plastic or polythene is used as a normal fuel in a 100 CC bike and found the fuel gives more millage as compare to petrol about 4-6 km. Which increases the efficiency of the engine by 5-8%.& by using Taguchi Technique I optimize the various parameters which affects the production of plastic fuel by using advance technique I found the plastic to catalyst ratio is most affecting parameter.
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: In this study, diesel fuel, Methanol and Waste Plastic Pyrolysis oil with an addition of cetane additive blends were tested in a four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine. The objective of adding Cetane Additive is to improve the combustion of blended fuel and have better performance characteristics for the blend. The Cetane additive addition is as recommended by TOTAL AC2010A. The 1ml cetane additive is added to 1000ml of blended fuel. The main objective of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a diesel engine which uses waste plastic pyrolysis oil in alternation of an ordinary diesel which are available in the market. Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine was used in this study to find out the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions with the fuel of fraction methanol and Waste plastic pyrolysis oil in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diesel at certain mixing ratio of 5:5:90, 10:10:80 and 15:15:70 of methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil to diesel respectively. Experimental results of blended fuel and diesel fuel are also compared.
fuel from plastic wastes( conversion of waste plastic into useful fuels)sourabh nagarkar
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuels using pyrolysis. It begins with an introduction to plastic-to-fuel conversion and why it is needed given the large amounts of plastic waste. The document then discusses the pyrolysis process, how plastic is selected for conversion, and the methodology used. Test results are presented showing the fuel properties and engine performance when using fuels derived from plastic waste. While conversion to fuel solves the plastic waste problem and fuel shortage issues, there are also some disadvantages like lower engine efficiency and higher exhaust temperatures. The document concludes that plastic-to-fuel conversion provides an effective way to address both the plastic debris in oceans and future fuel needs.
This document summarizes a student project to convert waste plastics into fuel. The project aims to address both environmental pollution from plastics and the need for alternative fuels. The students designed an apparatus consisting of various components like reactors, condensers, and storage vessels. Waste plastics are cleaned, shredded, and cracked at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst to produce a crude oil. Tests on the crude oil found properties similar to conventional fuels. The project aims to provide an environmentally friendly way of reusing waste plastics.
Thermal degradation of waste PVC and PE plastic was studied to produce hydrocarbon fuels. PVC plastic was degraded with 5% zinc oxide catalyst at 75-400°C, producing 35.6% liquid fuel. PE plastic was degraded with kaolin catalyst at 400-500°C, with liquid fuel yield increasing from 30.8% at 400°C to 86.65% at 500°C. The fuels produced consisted mainly of C10-C16 hydrocarbons that could potentially be used as refinery feedstocks or fuel.
Waste plastic problem is an ever-increasing menace for global environment. Because of flexibility, durability and economy, a phenomenal rise is observed in the plastic consumer base. Throughout the world, research on waste plastic management is being carried out at war-footing. Plastics being non biodegradable get accumulated in the environment. If this problem is not addressed properly, it will lead to mountains of waste plastic. Being an official out sourcing agent for a leading industry in the country, we offer a state of art solution to this problem.
The document summarizes a presentation on pyrolysis for waste plastics recycling. It discusses the advantages of plastics pyrolysis, characteristics of different waste plastics during thermal degradation, and results from lab-scale pyrolysis experiments and product analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the temperature range for plastic degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified functional groups in volatile and solid pyrolysis products, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters and carboxylic acids. The optimal temperature range for lab-scale plastic pyrolysis was determined to be 400-500°C.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing fuel oil from municipal plastic waste. It describes the current methods for plastic waste disposal in India and why generating fuel from plastic waste is beneficial. The process involves basic pyrolysis and catalytic reforming of plastic waste at high temperatures. Research is presented on experiments converting different types of plastic into fuel using various catalysts. The results show the type of plastic and catalyst used affect the yield and properties of the liquid fuel produced. The conclusion is that this process can help dispose of plastic waste while also addressing India's need for fuel.
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuel by Hitesh SharmaHitesh Sharma
This document discusses the process of converting waste plastic into fuel through pyrolysis. Pyrolysis involves heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce pyrolysis oil, carbon black, and hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis of plastic waste can help address both the growing waste problem and increasing demand for alternative fuels. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for converting plastics like polyethylene into fuel products like gasoline and diesel fuel ranges. The pyrolysis oils produced have properties similar to conventional fuels.
Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating the word is originally from the Greek-word elements pyro means "fire" and lysis means "decomposition".
Pyrolysis is usually the first chemical reaction that occurs in the burning of many solid organic fuels, cloth, like wood, and paper, and also of some kinds of plastic. Anhydrous Pyrolysis process can also be used to produce liquid fuel similar to diesel from plastic waste. Pyrolysis technology is thermal degradation process in the absence of oxygen.Plastic waste is treated in a cylindrical reactor at temperature of 300°C - 350°C. Now a day's plastics waste is very harmful to our nature also for human beings. Plastic is not easily decomposable its affect in fertilization, atmosphere, mainly effect on ozone layer so it is necessary to recycle these waste plastic into useful things. So we recycle this waste plastic into a useful fuel.
Machine Converting Waste Plastics into OilPrasanna Datar
Machine Converting Waste Plastics into Oil
This document discusses a machine that converts waste plastics into oil through a process called homogenization. The machine uses thermal decomposition at temperatures between 350-450°C to break down various types of waste plastics like PP, PE, PS, and Styrofoam into recycled oil. The recycled oil can be used as fuel for boilers, ships, machinery, and more. Testing shows the recycled oil meets regulatory standards while producing much less CO2 emissions than incineration. The machine offers economic and environmental benefits by reducing waste and CO2 while producing a usable fuel from post-consumer plastics.
This document discusses converting plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins by introducing waste-to-energy and pyrolysis processes. Key points covered include the types of plastics that are suitable for conversion, sources of plastic waste, and the environmental issues with plastic disposal. The technologies used in pyrolysis and its advantages are outlined. Applications include using the fuel for electricity generation and in industrial processes. In conclusion, converting plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis provides renewable energy and economic benefits while reducing land pollution.
This document discusses the conversion of waste plastic into fuel through pyrolysis. It begins by introducing waste-to-energy and plastic materials. It then explains that pyrolysis involves heating plastic in an oxygen-free environment to produce gas and liquid fuels. The process avoids toxic emissions and the fuels can be used to generate electricity or in industrial processes. Overall, plastic pyrolysis provides a renewable energy source while eliminating hazards of plastic waste in landfills.
This document summarizes research on converting plastic waste to liquid fuel through pyrolysis. It discusses:
- Plastic waste management is a major problem in Khartoum, Sudan, with over 1 million tons of solid waste annually, 12.7% of which is plastic.
- Pyrolysis involves heating plastic in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid oil, gas, and carbon black. The oil yield from plastic pyrolysis is 80-90%.
- The document evaluates several commercial pyrolysis processes and modifies the thermofuel process in Aspen Hysys software to improve efficiency.
- The modified process uses screw conveyors to melt plastic continuously and utilizes uncondensed gases to heat the feed,
Production of Conventional Fuel from Plastic Waste and Biomass by PyrolysisIRJET Journal
The document discusses the production of fuel from plastic waste and biomass via pyrolysis. It begins with background information on plastics and biomass. The methodology section describes the experimental setup for pyrolyzing plastic alone or with biomass. Various plastic types and biomass were pyrolyzed alone and in combination. The liquid fuel yield was highest for mixtures containing biomass, ranging from 64-69.6% yield. The quality of the obtained fuels was analyzed and found to be similar to diesel. Residual solids from biomass pyrolysis were converted to nano-silica. Thus, pyrolysis can convert waste plastic and biomass into useful fuels and materials while addressing environmental issues.
Experimental investigation of thermofuel from waste plasticEditorIJAERD
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into producing thermofuel from waste plastic through pyrolysis. The introduction provides background on increasing plastic waste generation and recycling options. The experimental procedure involves heating waste plastic to 350-400°C in a reactor to produce vapors that are condensed into liquid fuel. Testing showed the fuel has properties suitable for use as fuel. The conclusion is that producing fuel from waste plastic through pyrolysis can both save the environment and provide an energy source.
This document summarizes a study on converting plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis. Plastic production has increased pollution as most plastics are not biodegradable. Pyrolysis, the thermal decomposition of plastics at high temperatures, was used to break down plastic polymers into hydrocarbon fuels like petrol, kerosene and diesel. Low density polyethylene plastic waste was pyrolyzed in a reactor at 300°C. The resulting plastic fuel was filtered, purified and tested. Testing showed the plastic fuel had properties similar to diesel, including color, density, viscosity and calorific value. While plastic fuel production addresses waste and fuels, drawbacks include safety, odor and respiratory issues. The study concludes pyrolysis is an effective way to
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Waste Material – Analysis and Comparison...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste to produce pyrolysis oil. The researchers designed and built a simple pyrolysis reactor using common equipment. They pyrolyzed polyethylene plastic at temperatures over 450°C to produce a pyrolysis oil. The oil was then blended with diesel fuel at a 15% oil to 85% diesel ratio. This blended fuel was tested in a Kirloskar engine, and tests found it had similar performance and lower emissions than pure diesel. The researchers concluded that pyrolyzing plastic waste is a viable way to produce fuel and reduce plastic pollution in the environment.
This document discusses using plastic waste as an alternative fuel source. It begins by outlining the growing problem of plastic waste and its negative impacts on soil quality and the environment when dumped on land or in oceans. The study then examines the calorific (energy) value of different types of recycled plastics, finding their potential energy is comparable to fuels like pet coke and coal. The document goes on to describe a experiment where plastic waste was "co-processed" as an alternative fuel in a cement plant. Results showed using plastic waste along with pet coke as fuel increased the heat required for cement production only slightly. Emissions from the plant were also still within prescribed limits. The study concludes that plastic waste has potential to be
Plastic waste is a growing problem, with an estimated 3 million tonnes produced annually in India alone. Currently only 7% is recycled. Various types of plastics are identified by numbers 1-7 based on their chemical makeup. The top two recycled types are PETE (1) and HDPE (2) which can be used to make new bottles and other products. While recycling saves energy and resources over producing new plastic, it also faces challenges like cost, contamination between types, and potential health issues from recycled materials. Researchers are working on ways to use waste plastic as a fuel source without pollution as an alternative to dumping in landfills. Individual actions like refusing plastic straws and reusing containers can help reduce plastic waste
Prevention Of Plastic Pollution And Comparison With PaperJeelkumar Patel
What is Plastic Waste and How to harmful effects of Plastics in nature all things explain. How to manage Plastic Waste Management and explain with case study.
Here we will see the classifications, Collection, Handling & Sorting, different methods of sorting of plastics
About Biodegradable polymers, how to use it and reuse it
This poster describes the affects of plastic used plastic goods that do not biodegrade naturally on environment and how plastic recycling can play a great role in playing the savior on the case.
This is study to assess the potential of using “WASTE PLASTIC RECYCLING MACHINE”. We are working together to find ways to work with plastic waste, Plastic pollution is a huge problem regarding all of us. We want to find a solution and fix this. now plastic has become a warning to entire ecosystems and societies. we want to show the world the incredible opportunities of plastic waste in order to eliminate plastic pollution, we are made from basic materials are very affordable and easy to build. Their simplicity allows effective maintenance and easy repair. The machines are also modular so they can be adapted to different contexts and needs. This resource (plastic) locate around everywhere can become a source of income or an educational tool for your community.
Plastics have become ubiquitous in modern life but also present environmental challenges as waste. This document discusses recycling polymers (plastics) as a solution. It provides background on plastics, noting they are made from petrochemicals and come in various types based on their molecular structure. The document then discusses the environmental impacts of plastic waste, including taking up landfill space, releasing greenhouse gases, and harming wildlife. It stresses that identifying plastics by their identification code is important for effective recycling. Recycling polymers is advocated as it conserves resources and reduces environmental damage from plastic waste.
Plastics are polymers that are versatile, durable and inexpensive but also pose environmental challenges. They are non-biodegradable and accumulate as waste, polluting land and oceans. While recycling reduces environmental impacts, plastics must often be of identical composition to mix efficiently during recycling. Individual actions like reducing single-use plastics, reusing materials, and choosing recyclable packaging can help address the growing problem of plastic waste. The document examines both the benefits of plastics and initiatives people can take to protect the environment from plastic pollution.
The document discusses plastic waste management in India. It outlines that plastic waste has increased significantly due to population growth and urbanization. It then describes various strategies for plastic waste management, including recycling, landfilling, incineration, using plastic in road construction, co-processing plastic in cement kilns, plasma pyrolysis technology, and converting plastic into liquid fuels. The document emphasizes that plastic waste management is important due to urbanization and that both technological and behavioral challenges still exist.
IRJET- Production of Alternate Fuel from Waste Plastic MaterialsIRJET Journal
- The document describes a process for producing an alternate fuel similar to diesel from waste plastic materials using pyrolysis.
- Plastics are heated to 400-500°C in the absence of oxygen to break the polymers down into pyrolysis oil, gas, and carbon black.
- The pyrolysis oil is purified through distillation to remove impurities before being analyzed and compared to the properties of diesel fuel. The process aims to reduce plastic waste and provide an alternative fuel source.
This research deals with study of Degradation
behavior of starch blended with different percentage of
polypropylene (PP) .Twin screw extruder at 160- 190 °C and 50
rpm is used for manufacture of blend sheet. Degradation test
achieved according to ASTM standard (D 638 IV and D570-98).
Studies on their degradation properties were carried out by Soil
burial test, Water absorption test and Hydrolysis test. The
morphology test of the polypropylene / starch blend samples
was obviously seen in the (Dino- Light- Digital Microscope),
Results of soil burial test show that tensile strength and
percentage of elongation of polypropylene / starch blend
decrease with increasing the starch content and burial time. The
hydrolysis test show the weight losses increasing with the
increasing amount of starch. High percent of polypropylene
found to decrease the amount of water absorption of the blend.
The physical appearance and morphology studies of
polypropylene / starch blend after burial test in soil and
hydrolysis in water environment showed that all blend samples
was obviously changed after 90-day study period, whereas the
pure polypropylene samples remained unchanged
Similar to Plastic Waste into Fuel using Pyrolysis Process (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.