This document describes the design and development of a solar-powered system to operate a sprayer for crop protection and provide house lighting. The system consists of three units: 1) a solar energy conversion and storage unit with a 17W solar panel, 12V lead-acid battery, and voltage regulator, 2) a spraying unit with a DC motor, diaphragm pump, spray tank and lance, and 3) a house lighting unit with three LED bulbs. Field tests found the solar panel's efficiency was 16% for power generation but only 7.48% for powering the motor. The system could fully charge the battery in 10.5 hours and power house lighting for the remainder of the year when not in
IRJET- Survey on Gensets & Guide for Genset ProtectionIRJET Journal
This document discusses gensets (generator sets), which are machines that produce electrical energy from fuel. It summarizes the generally accepted forms of protection for synchronous generators against faults and abnormal operating conditions. The protection aims to safeguard large hydraulic, steam, and combustion-turbine generators. The document categorizes gensets based on their power ratings, duty type, rotational speed, cooling systems, and start-up arrangements. It provides background on protection requirements and settings to help readers evaluate protection needs for most generator situations.
This document describes a solar-powered weed cutting robot. It consists of a solar panel that converts solar energy to electrical energy, which charges a battery. The battery then powers a DC motor that spins cutting blades to cut grass and weeds. It is designed to reduce manual labor for gardening and lawn maintenance while being environmentally friendly by relying on solar power instead of gasoline. The document provides details on the components, working mechanism, advantages, and potential future improvements to the robot, such as making it fully solar-powered, reducing its weight, or enabling it to cut other plants and materials.
This document describes a solar-powered grass cutting machine. It uses a 10W solar panel to charge a 12V battery, which then powers four DC motors - two for movement and two attached to cutting blades. An Atmega8 microcontroller controls the motors and uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and change the machine's direction. The system is designed to be automated, pollution-free, and powered by renewable solar energy instead of gasoline or electricity from the grid. It aims to provide an efficient grass cutting solution without issues of power availability, fuel consumption, or emissions.
This document provides details on the design and fabrication of a solar powered multi-purpose weed cutting machine. The machine aims to reduce physical labor for cutting weeds using renewable solar energy as the power source. Key components include a solar panel, battery, DC motor, and cutting blades attached via a link mechanism. The machine is designed to be lightweight, easy to operate, and eco-friendly without environmental pollution. Future improvements could make it applicable for other agricultural tasks and fully solar powered.
This document provides a main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It summarizes their design of a solar-powered grass cutter. The report includes an abstract, index, and chapters on introduction, design, selection and mounting, theoretical analysis, results, and conclusions. The design aims to create a portable, durable, easy to use and maintain self-powered grass cutter that runs on a 12V battery charged by a 5W solar panel, eliminating the need for gasoline. It describes the components, circuit diagram, and technical specifications.
IRJET- Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents the design of an automatic solar panel cleaning system. Dust accumulation on solar panels reduces their power generation efficiency by up to 50% per month. The proposed system uses a cleaning unit attached to a motor that moves back and forth across the panel surface while a rotating brush cleans off dust. A battery charged by the solar panel provides power for the motor and pump. The system aims to increase energy output by 30% compared to non-cleaned panels by regularly removing dust without manual labor. It was tested and functions as designed to automatically clean roof-mounted residential solar arrays in a low-cost and easy-to-use manner.
Lawn Mower Minor Project report For MITM UjjainAshwani Dixit
This document describes the fabrication of an electric lawn mower by students Ashwani Dixit and Karan Singh Rathore. It includes an abstract that outlines the design objectives of a portable, durable, easy to use and maintain self-powered mower using an electric motor and rechargeable battery. The document also includes sections on materials used, specifications, assembly methodology, operation instructions, and conclusions from testing, which found a cutting efficiency of 89.55% achieved with minimal human effort required.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Regnerative Braking SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of regenerative braking systems. It begins with an abstract that describes regenerative braking as a system to convert kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy. The document then reviews the basic design and components of regenerative braking systems in current vehicles. It discusses the working mechanisms of regenerative braking and how it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy during braking using components like electric motors, motor controllers and batteries. The document also compares different types of hybrid systems and discusses concepts like regenerative braking, kinetic energy recovery systems and using motors as generators during braking. It concludes with a literature review on fuzzy control algorithms for electric vehicle antilock braking systems and using buck-boost converters and
IRJET- Survey on Gensets & Guide for Genset ProtectionIRJET Journal
This document discusses gensets (generator sets), which are machines that produce electrical energy from fuel. It summarizes the generally accepted forms of protection for synchronous generators against faults and abnormal operating conditions. The protection aims to safeguard large hydraulic, steam, and combustion-turbine generators. The document categorizes gensets based on their power ratings, duty type, rotational speed, cooling systems, and start-up arrangements. It provides background on protection requirements and settings to help readers evaluate protection needs for most generator situations.
This document describes a solar-powered weed cutting robot. It consists of a solar panel that converts solar energy to electrical energy, which charges a battery. The battery then powers a DC motor that spins cutting blades to cut grass and weeds. It is designed to reduce manual labor for gardening and lawn maintenance while being environmentally friendly by relying on solar power instead of gasoline. The document provides details on the components, working mechanism, advantages, and potential future improvements to the robot, such as making it fully solar-powered, reducing its weight, or enabling it to cut other plants and materials.
This document describes a solar-powered grass cutting machine. It uses a 10W solar panel to charge a 12V battery, which then powers four DC motors - two for movement and two attached to cutting blades. An Atmega8 microcontroller controls the motors and uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and change the machine's direction. The system is designed to be automated, pollution-free, and powered by renewable solar energy instead of gasoline or electricity from the grid. It aims to provide an efficient grass cutting solution without issues of power availability, fuel consumption, or emissions.
This document provides details on the design and fabrication of a solar powered multi-purpose weed cutting machine. The machine aims to reduce physical labor for cutting weeds using renewable solar energy as the power source. Key components include a solar panel, battery, DC motor, and cutting blades attached via a link mechanism. The machine is designed to be lightweight, easy to operate, and eco-friendly without environmental pollution. Future improvements could make it applicable for other agricultural tasks and fully solar powered.
This document provides a main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It summarizes their design of a solar-powered grass cutter. The report includes an abstract, index, and chapters on introduction, design, selection and mounting, theoretical analysis, results, and conclusions. The design aims to create a portable, durable, easy to use and maintain self-powered grass cutter that runs on a 12V battery charged by a 5W solar panel, eliminating the need for gasoline. It describes the components, circuit diagram, and technical specifications.
IRJET- Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents the design of an automatic solar panel cleaning system. Dust accumulation on solar panels reduces their power generation efficiency by up to 50% per month. The proposed system uses a cleaning unit attached to a motor that moves back and forth across the panel surface while a rotating brush cleans off dust. A battery charged by the solar panel provides power for the motor and pump. The system aims to increase energy output by 30% compared to non-cleaned panels by regularly removing dust without manual labor. It was tested and functions as designed to automatically clean roof-mounted residential solar arrays in a low-cost and easy-to-use manner.
Lawn Mower Minor Project report For MITM UjjainAshwani Dixit
This document describes the fabrication of an electric lawn mower by students Ashwani Dixit and Karan Singh Rathore. It includes an abstract that outlines the design objectives of a portable, durable, easy to use and maintain self-powered mower using an electric motor and rechargeable battery. The document also includes sections on materials used, specifications, assembly methodology, operation instructions, and conclusions from testing, which found a cutting efficiency of 89.55% achieved with minimal human effort required.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Regnerative Braking SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of regenerative braking systems. It begins with an abstract that describes regenerative braking as a system to convert kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy. The document then reviews the basic design and components of regenerative braking systems in current vehicles. It discusses the working mechanisms of regenerative braking and how it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy during braking using components like electric motors, motor controllers and batteries. The document also compares different types of hybrid systems and discusses concepts like regenerative braking, kinetic energy recovery systems and using motors as generators during braking. It concludes with a literature review on fuzzy control algorithms for electric vehicle antilock braking systems and using buck-boost converters and
IRJET- Power Generation at Speed Bumper by Pneumatic MechanismIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system that generates electricity from the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over speed bumps.
2. As vehicles pass over a flexible speed bump, it compresses pneumatic cylinders which increase the air pressure in a storage tank.
3. High pressure air from the tank is directed through a nozzle onto turbine blades, rotating the turbine and generating mechanical power. This power can then be converted to electrical power.
An Analysis of 10MW Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Design on summer Training ...Hari Singh Rathore
This document provides an overview of the solar power plant being constructed by Today Green Energy Private Limited (TGEPL) in Pokaran, India. It discusses the components of the solar PV system, including solar panels, charge controllers, strings, combiners, inverters, transformers and batteries. It also covers how to determine power consumption demands and design a 1 MW solar power plant. The key components of a grid-connected solar power plant are described, along with solar PV module technologies and mounting systems.
Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, when we apply the brake, this system slow down the vehicle and the speed of wheels are in form of rotational energy that is mechanical energy, which transfer to generator where the mechanical energy is converted
into electrical energy and eventually which is stored in the battery.
This document discusses the technology of frictionless compressors which use magnetic bearings and permanent magnet synchronous motors instead of traditional roller or hydrodynamic bearings. Some key advantages of frictionless compressors are that they have no friction, can run at high speeds up to 48,000 RPM with good speed control, are smaller and lighter than conventional compressors due to using permanent magnets instead of windings, and have reduced maintenance needs due to being oil-free. However, their initial price is 50-70% higher than normal compressors. Overall, frictionless compressors provide economic, energy, and environmental benefits after 10 years of development.
The document summarizes research on a regenerative braking system implemented in a hybrid vehicle. A dynamo is fixed to the rear wheel to convert kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy stored in the vehicle's battery. Testing showed the regenerative braking system reduces braking time and distance compared to a vehicle without regenerative braking. Analysis of speed, time, distance and current during braking supported the improved efficiency of capturing energy normally lost during braking. The document discusses the components used, formulas, results of implementing regenerative braking, and potential future improvements to increase energy recovery.
The document describes a regenerative braking system that uses a spiral torsion spring to store kinetic energy during vehicle braking. When braking, the kinetic energy is transferred to the spring, causing it to wind and store potential energy. This stored energy can then be used to assist in accelerating the vehicle by allowing the spring to unwind and transfer rotational energy to the wheels. A mathematical model of the system is developed in MATLAB to analyze the spring deflection and stresses over time. The goal of the system is to improve fuel efficiency by recovering braking energy for reuse during acceleration.
Design & febrication of solar automated grass cutterRaj Kumar Bisoyi
The document summarizes a student project to design and fabricate an automated solar-powered lawn mower. It includes an introduction describing the motivation to reduce noise and air pollution from gas-powered mowers. It then outlines the objectives, components, programming, and fabrication process. The components include a solar panel, battery, motors, blades, and an Arduino board. It is programmed using Arduino code and assembled on a chassis. The project aims to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to gas-powered lawn mowers.
This document describes a solar-powered wood cutting machine designed by Pushpendra Singh. The aim is to design a wood cutter that runs on solar energy to meet market demand. The major components are a solar panel, charging circuit, battery, motor, and wood cutter mounted on the motor. It operates by using a solar panel to charge a battery, which then powers a DC motor via a charging circuit. The motor spins a rack and pinion gear set to drive the wood cutter.
Generating Electric Power by Pedal Driven System: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on a human-powered flywheel motor system for storing and transferring energy. The system consists of three main parts: a pedal-driven flywheel to store energy generated by human pedaling, a transmission to transfer the stored energy from the flywheel to the input of a process unit, and the process unit itself. Previous studies have applied this system to power various machines and devices in rural areas lacking electric power, such as oil presses, utensil manufacturing units, stirrup making machines, and nursery fertilizer mixers. The document reviews these applications and concludes that the human-powered flywheel motor shows potential as a renewable energy alternative, though further optimization of performance parameters is still needed.
This document summarizes a student project to design a solar powered wood cutter. It includes sections on the objectives of harnessing solar energy, literature review of key components like solar panels, motors and linkages, methodology outlining materials selected and a basic design, results and discussion of what was learned, and conclusions about potential improvements. The overall aim was to create a mechanized wood cutter running solely on solar power to fulfill market needs for renewable energy solutions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS REGENERATIVE B...IAEME Publication
Regenerative Braking System (RBS) converts a part of the vehicle’s kinetic energy into a useful form of energy. Thus the fuel requirements and the level of pollutant sexhausted by thevehicle are reduced,and canbecontrolled.VariousRegenerativeBrakingSystems include Mechanical Flywheel RBS, Elastomeric Flywheel RBS,
Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS, Ultra capacitor RBS, etc. In this paper, a typicalmathematical analysis of the performance of Mechanicalflywheel RBS, ElastomericFlywheel RBS, and Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS has been studied on different carmodels based on current research, and a comparison of the efficiencies and fuelsavings by these systems has been done taking into consideration, a basic Volvo car
model. Analysis shows the efficiencies of Elastomeric Flywheel RBS, HydraulicPower-Assist RBS, and Mechanical Flywheel RBS will be in adescending order
This project report describes the development of a regenerative braking system for bicycles that captures kinetic energy lost during braking and uses it to power LED safety flashers. The system was designed for urban commuter cyclists. It includes custom direct-pull brake calipers with friction pads and an integrated DC motor generator. Testing showed that the system can power LED flashers continuously when braking occurs 8 or more times per mile, and semi-continuously when braking occurs 4 times per mile, which would be sufficient for most urban commutes. The regenerative braking system provides safety benefits to cyclists without requiring additional physical exertion compared to existing human-powered lighting systems.
In today’s generation the major problems are
the pollutions, cut of power etc. Thus overcome to these
problems we have thought about device which can be
work efficiently without causing any types of problem. So
we work on the project of grass cutter machine which
performing fully automated and using renewable source
of energy that is solar power.
An grass cutter machine is more suitable & easy to use with an solar, so we are making an solar grass cutter machine with an electric motor, which is providing the high speed reciprocation to the blades. electric mowers are powered by solar. solar can be in the interior of the grass cutter machine or on the outside. If on the outside, the depleted solar can be quickly recharged through the sun light. mowers have the manoeuvrability of a solar powered mower and the environmental friendliness of a solar mower.
The document summarizes an industrial visit report to the Sabarigiri Hydroelectric Power Station in Moozhiyar, Kerala, India. Key details include:
- The power station has an installed capacity of 340MW generated from 4 units of 55MW and 2 units of 60MW capacity using vertical shaft Pelton turbines.
- Water is collected from the Pamba and Kakki dams and reservoirs and sent through penstocks to drive the turbines.
- The generators are salient pole synchronous machines produced by Allis Chambers operating at 11kV, 50Hz.
- The power station plays an important role in meeting around 2% of Kerala's annual energy demand.
This document discusses the design of a smart shock absorber that can generate electricity from the vibration energy of a vehicle's suspension system. It proposes using a rack and pinion gear connected to an alternator to convert the reciprocating motion of the shock absorber into rotational motion that can power the alternator. The system would charge the vehicle's battery to provide power for vehicle accessories. It estimates that installing such a system on all four wheels could generate 7.5 kWh of electricity from a suspension displacement of 25mm per meter traveled. The system would reuse vibration energy that is currently lost as heat and provide electricity without drawing power from the vehicle engine.
I apologize, upon reviewing the document again I do not see any quotes that would be appropriate to copy here. The document is describing technical aspects of a frictionless compressor and does not contain verbatim quotes.
Kinetic Energy Regenerative Breaking SystemSanjeev Prasad
This document discusses regenerative braking systems. It begins with an introduction on why brakes are needed and provides an overview of common brake types. It then focuses on regenerative braking, explaining that it involves capturing kinetic energy during braking and converting it to electrical or potential energy for storage. The document outlines the key components and working of regenerative braking systems, including types like hydraulic, flywheel-assisted, and nitilon spring-assisted variants. It discusses advantages like improved fuel efficiency but also limitations such as added weight. In conclusion, the document argues that regenerative braking can increase efficiency and help conserve energy that would otherwise be lost during braking.
This document summarizes an industrial visit report submitted by three students to fulfill degree requirements. It describes their visit to Transformers and Electricals Limited Kerala (TELK), located in Angamaly, Kerala, India. TELK manufactures high voltage power transformers, current transformers, potential transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical equipment. The report provides an overview of the various workshops and manufacturing processes at TELK, including core assembly, winding, drying, oil filling, bushing production, on-load tap changers, gas circuit breakers, plate works, final assembly, and testing.
This document describes a solar-powered grass cutter. It discusses the working principle, components, and diagrams of the grass cutter. The grass cutter is powered by solar panels that charge a battery. It uses DC motors to move the grass cutter body and power the cutting blades. The grass cutter does not require fuel and has less maintenance than gas-powered cutters, making it more environmentally friendly. However, it is manually operated and blades may fail. The document provides this information to explain the project and its advantages over traditional gas-powered grass cutters.
This document describes the design and development of a solar-powered pesticide sprayer for agricultural use. The sprayer consists of a solar panel, battery, pump, and sprayer. The solar panel generates electricity from sunlight which charges the battery. The stored electrical energy in the battery is then used to power the pump. The pump draws pesticide from a storage tank and sprays it through the sprayer. Key advantages of the solar sprayer include being environmentally friendly with zero emissions, low maintenance costs, and providing a cost-effective spraying solution especially for farmers in remote areas without reliable electricity access. Testing showed the sprayer could operate continuously for 7-8 hours on a single charge, meeting farmers' spraying needs. The
Micro Hydro Electricity Generation in S.T.P, A Case Study of S.T.P, Salawas-J...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of installing a micro hydro power plant (MHPP) at a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Jodhpur, India. It summarizes that a MHPP could be installed at the STP to harness the energy from the water flow. Based on the available flow rate of 0.3-0.6 m3/s and head of 1.5-2 m, a Kaplan turbine with an output of 11.32 kW was selected. It is estimated that this MHPP could generate 73,355 kWh of electricity annually. The investment cost is estimated to be Rs. 9,10,400 with a payback period of 1.5 years and
IRJET- Power Generation at Speed Bumper by Pneumatic MechanismIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system that generates electricity from the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over speed bumps.
2. As vehicles pass over a flexible speed bump, it compresses pneumatic cylinders which increase the air pressure in a storage tank.
3. High pressure air from the tank is directed through a nozzle onto turbine blades, rotating the turbine and generating mechanical power. This power can then be converted to electrical power.
An Analysis of 10MW Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Design on summer Training ...Hari Singh Rathore
This document provides an overview of the solar power plant being constructed by Today Green Energy Private Limited (TGEPL) in Pokaran, India. It discusses the components of the solar PV system, including solar panels, charge controllers, strings, combiners, inverters, transformers and batteries. It also covers how to determine power consumption demands and design a 1 MW solar power plant. The key components of a grid-connected solar power plant are described, along with solar PV module technologies and mounting systems.
Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, when we apply the brake, this system slow down the vehicle and the speed of wheels are in form of rotational energy that is mechanical energy, which transfer to generator where the mechanical energy is converted
into electrical energy and eventually which is stored in the battery.
This document discusses the technology of frictionless compressors which use magnetic bearings and permanent magnet synchronous motors instead of traditional roller or hydrodynamic bearings. Some key advantages of frictionless compressors are that they have no friction, can run at high speeds up to 48,000 RPM with good speed control, are smaller and lighter than conventional compressors due to using permanent magnets instead of windings, and have reduced maintenance needs due to being oil-free. However, their initial price is 50-70% higher than normal compressors. Overall, frictionless compressors provide economic, energy, and environmental benefits after 10 years of development.
The document summarizes research on a regenerative braking system implemented in a hybrid vehicle. A dynamo is fixed to the rear wheel to convert kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy stored in the vehicle's battery. Testing showed the regenerative braking system reduces braking time and distance compared to a vehicle without regenerative braking. Analysis of speed, time, distance and current during braking supported the improved efficiency of capturing energy normally lost during braking. The document discusses the components used, formulas, results of implementing regenerative braking, and potential future improvements to increase energy recovery.
The document describes a regenerative braking system that uses a spiral torsion spring to store kinetic energy during vehicle braking. When braking, the kinetic energy is transferred to the spring, causing it to wind and store potential energy. This stored energy can then be used to assist in accelerating the vehicle by allowing the spring to unwind and transfer rotational energy to the wheels. A mathematical model of the system is developed in MATLAB to analyze the spring deflection and stresses over time. The goal of the system is to improve fuel efficiency by recovering braking energy for reuse during acceleration.
Design & febrication of solar automated grass cutterRaj Kumar Bisoyi
The document summarizes a student project to design and fabricate an automated solar-powered lawn mower. It includes an introduction describing the motivation to reduce noise and air pollution from gas-powered mowers. It then outlines the objectives, components, programming, and fabrication process. The components include a solar panel, battery, motors, blades, and an Arduino board. It is programmed using Arduino code and assembled on a chassis. The project aims to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to gas-powered lawn mowers.
This document describes a solar-powered wood cutting machine designed by Pushpendra Singh. The aim is to design a wood cutter that runs on solar energy to meet market demand. The major components are a solar panel, charging circuit, battery, motor, and wood cutter mounted on the motor. It operates by using a solar panel to charge a battery, which then powers a DC motor via a charging circuit. The motor spins a rack and pinion gear set to drive the wood cutter.
Generating Electric Power by Pedal Driven System: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on a human-powered flywheel motor system for storing and transferring energy. The system consists of three main parts: a pedal-driven flywheel to store energy generated by human pedaling, a transmission to transfer the stored energy from the flywheel to the input of a process unit, and the process unit itself. Previous studies have applied this system to power various machines and devices in rural areas lacking electric power, such as oil presses, utensil manufacturing units, stirrup making machines, and nursery fertilizer mixers. The document reviews these applications and concludes that the human-powered flywheel motor shows potential as a renewable energy alternative, though further optimization of performance parameters is still needed.
This document summarizes a student project to design a solar powered wood cutter. It includes sections on the objectives of harnessing solar energy, literature review of key components like solar panels, motors and linkages, methodology outlining materials selected and a basic design, results and discussion of what was learned, and conclusions about potential improvements. The overall aim was to create a mechanized wood cutter running solely on solar power to fulfill market needs for renewable energy solutions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS REGENERATIVE B...IAEME Publication
Regenerative Braking System (RBS) converts a part of the vehicle’s kinetic energy into a useful form of energy. Thus the fuel requirements and the level of pollutant sexhausted by thevehicle are reduced,and canbecontrolled.VariousRegenerativeBrakingSystems include Mechanical Flywheel RBS, Elastomeric Flywheel RBS,
Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS, Ultra capacitor RBS, etc. In this paper, a typicalmathematical analysis of the performance of Mechanicalflywheel RBS, ElastomericFlywheel RBS, and Hydraulic Power-Assist RBS has been studied on different carmodels based on current research, and a comparison of the efficiencies and fuelsavings by these systems has been done taking into consideration, a basic Volvo car
model. Analysis shows the efficiencies of Elastomeric Flywheel RBS, HydraulicPower-Assist RBS, and Mechanical Flywheel RBS will be in adescending order
This project report describes the development of a regenerative braking system for bicycles that captures kinetic energy lost during braking and uses it to power LED safety flashers. The system was designed for urban commuter cyclists. It includes custom direct-pull brake calipers with friction pads and an integrated DC motor generator. Testing showed that the system can power LED flashers continuously when braking occurs 8 or more times per mile, and semi-continuously when braking occurs 4 times per mile, which would be sufficient for most urban commutes. The regenerative braking system provides safety benefits to cyclists without requiring additional physical exertion compared to existing human-powered lighting systems.
In today’s generation the major problems are
the pollutions, cut of power etc. Thus overcome to these
problems we have thought about device which can be
work efficiently without causing any types of problem. So
we work on the project of grass cutter machine which
performing fully automated and using renewable source
of energy that is solar power.
An grass cutter machine is more suitable & easy to use with an solar, so we are making an solar grass cutter machine with an electric motor, which is providing the high speed reciprocation to the blades. electric mowers are powered by solar. solar can be in the interior of the grass cutter machine or on the outside. If on the outside, the depleted solar can be quickly recharged through the sun light. mowers have the manoeuvrability of a solar powered mower and the environmental friendliness of a solar mower.
The document summarizes an industrial visit report to the Sabarigiri Hydroelectric Power Station in Moozhiyar, Kerala, India. Key details include:
- The power station has an installed capacity of 340MW generated from 4 units of 55MW and 2 units of 60MW capacity using vertical shaft Pelton turbines.
- Water is collected from the Pamba and Kakki dams and reservoirs and sent through penstocks to drive the turbines.
- The generators are salient pole synchronous machines produced by Allis Chambers operating at 11kV, 50Hz.
- The power station plays an important role in meeting around 2% of Kerala's annual energy demand.
This document discusses the design of a smart shock absorber that can generate electricity from the vibration energy of a vehicle's suspension system. It proposes using a rack and pinion gear connected to an alternator to convert the reciprocating motion of the shock absorber into rotational motion that can power the alternator. The system would charge the vehicle's battery to provide power for vehicle accessories. It estimates that installing such a system on all four wheels could generate 7.5 kWh of electricity from a suspension displacement of 25mm per meter traveled. The system would reuse vibration energy that is currently lost as heat and provide electricity without drawing power from the vehicle engine.
I apologize, upon reviewing the document again I do not see any quotes that would be appropriate to copy here. The document is describing technical aspects of a frictionless compressor and does not contain verbatim quotes.
Kinetic Energy Regenerative Breaking SystemSanjeev Prasad
This document discusses regenerative braking systems. It begins with an introduction on why brakes are needed and provides an overview of common brake types. It then focuses on regenerative braking, explaining that it involves capturing kinetic energy during braking and converting it to electrical or potential energy for storage. The document outlines the key components and working of regenerative braking systems, including types like hydraulic, flywheel-assisted, and nitilon spring-assisted variants. It discusses advantages like improved fuel efficiency but also limitations such as added weight. In conclusion, the document argues that regenerative braking can increase efficiency and help conserve energy that would otherwise be lost during braking.
This document summarizes an industrial visit report submitted by three students to fulfill degree requirements. It describes their visit to Transformers and Electricals Limited Kerala (TELK), located in Angamaly, Kerala, India. TELK manufactures high voltage power transformers, current transformers, potential transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical equipment. The report provides an overview of the various workshops and manufacturing processes at TELK, including core assembly, winding, drying, oil filling, bushing production, on-load tap changers, gas circuit breakers, plate works, final assembly, and testing.
This document describes a solar-powered grass cutter. It discusses the working principle, components, and diagrams of the grass cutter. The grass cutter is powered by solar panels that charge a battery. It uses DC motors to move the grass cutter body and power the cutting blades. The grass cutter does not require fuel and has less maintenance than gas-powered cutters, making it more environmentally friendly. However, it is manually operated and blades may fail. The document provides this information to explain the project and its advantages over traditional gas-powered grass cutters.
This document describes the design and development of a solar-powered pesticide sprayer for agricultural use. The sprayer consists of a solar panel, battery, pump, and sprayer. The solar panel generates electricity from sunlight which charges the battery. The stored electrical energy in the battery is then used to power the pump. The pump draws pesticide from a storage tank and sprays it through the sprayer. Key advantages of the solar sprayer include being environmentally friendly with zero emissions, low maintenance costs, and providing a cost-effective spraying solution especially for farmers in remote areas without reliable electricity access. Testing showed the sprayer could operate continuously for 7-8 hours on a single charge, meeting farmers' spraying needs. The
Micro Hydro Electricity Generation in S.T.P, A Case Study of S.T.P, Salawas-J...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of installing a micro hydro power plant (MHPP) at a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Jodhpur, India. It summarizes that a MHPP could be installed at the STP to harness the energy from the water flow. Based on the available flow rate of 0.3-0.6 m3/s and head of 1.5-2 m, a Kaplan turbine with an output of 11.32 kW was selected. It is estimated that this MHPP could generate 73,355 kWh of electricity annually. The investment cost is estimated to be Rs. 9,10,400 with a payback period of 1.5 years and
1. The document discusses an electric supercharger for vehicles that uses an electric motor to drive a compressor instead of an exhaust turbine or belt drive. This eliminates turbo lag and allows comparable fuel efficiency to naturally aspirated engines.
2. It describes the construction of an electric supercharger prototype consisting of an impeller, high-speed motor, and bearings. Intake air is used to cool the motor and inverter.
3. The goal of the physical emissions rate estimator (PERE) model discussed is to estimate fuel consumption and emissions for conventional and advanced vehicle technologies to fill data gaps for the MOVES model. PERE models technologies like gasoline, diesel, hybrids, fuel cells and electric vehicles
This document summarizes a research project on developing an automatic battery charging system for electric vehicles using wind energy. The system uses a propeller attached to a generator to convert wind power into electrical energy while the vehicle is moving. This electrical energy is then used to continuously charge the vehicle's battery, extending its driving range without needing to stop to charge. The document describes the components, working mechanism, calculations for minimum wind speed and propeller rotation speed required to generate electricity, and advantages of the system such as reducing pollution and making electric vehicles more economical. It also discusses potential drawbacks and ways to overcome them.
Analysis and optimization of mechanical utility systemeSAT Journals
Abstract The present paperhas discussed the analyzing and optimizing methodology of mechanical utility systems.A study was carried out at Melog Speciality ChemicalsLtd with the aim of optimising the company’s utility system efficiency. Energy conservation is a worldwide, concern and an important consideration for any industry. In a chemical plant, amajor portion of the supplied energy is consumed in the production of compressed air. This compressed air is used for various applications. Hence in order to increase the efficiency of the plant the input energy supplied has to be decreased by making use of the most effective methods of compression which indirectly results in asaving of power.The paper revolves around the main objective of reducing the compression cost of air. This aim has been theoretically achieved by replacing the existing reciprocating compressor with a screw compressor. Cost saving due to the use of screw compressor is achieved because it requires low motor power to operate as compared to its reciprocating counterpart. Also, thereciprocating compressor needs frequent maintenance of various components like v- belt, piston rings, piston, etc. whereas screw compressor does not require frequent maintenance which decreases the compression system’s maintenance downtime. As there is no intercooler required in screw compressor the need to pump the cooling water at an intermediate stage of compression is eliminated, which is otherwise necessary for optimum operation reciprocating compressor. Keywords: Utility System, Economic Cost, Energy Conservation, Reciprocating Compressor, Screw Compressor
Design and Fabrication of Regenerative Braking SystemIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a regenerative braking system. It discusses how regenerative braking works by converting kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy that can be stored. It then details the materials and steps used to build a test rig, including a motor, flywheel, frame, and wiring. Testing showed that regenerative braking becomes more efficient at higher speeds, with up to 14.49 volts recovered at 2500 RPM. The system recovers up to 11% of energy typically lost as heat in traditional braking.
This document describes the design and development of a mini electric power tiller. Key points:
- The tiller is powered by a 48V battery and uses a BLDC motor and controller. It has forward and reverse gears to control the motor's speed.
- The tiller is designed to provide an affordable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional tilling methods that are labor intensive.
- Its components include a BLDC motor, controller, battery, chain and sprocket assembly, and rotary tilling blades. The controller regulates power from the battery to the motor based on gear selection.
- The tiller is intended to reduce the time and cost of tilling for small farmers compared
This document describes a student project to design and build a speed breaker that can generate electricity. The speed breaker uses a rack and pinion mechanism to convert the vertical motion of vehicles passing over it into rotational motion. This rotational motion is used to turn a generator shaft and produce electricity. When a vehicle passes over the speed breaker, its weight causes the breaker to move downwards. This downward motion is transferred to a rack gear connected to the speed breaker. The rack gear engages with a pinion gear connected to the generator shaft. The rotation of the pinion gear spins the generator shaft to produce electricity that can be stored in a battery. The design is intended to efficiently capture wasted kinetic energy from vehicles on
Analysis of Wind Diesel Hybrid System by Homer Softwareijtsrd
A hybrid power system is to avoid the use of depleting fossil fuels, improve the technical performance and reduce the greenhouse gases emission. Depending on the renewable energy sources, it is connected in the main grid or operates separately. Because of these reasons, operation, control and grid integration of renewable sources is a task of fundamental importance in modern power system. Hybrid power system modes must be studied.The simulation was carried out using various combinations of optimization and sensitivity variables developed in HOMER. The economic parameters play central role of deciding the dimension, feasibility and optimization of a proposed system. In order to achieve lowest Net Present Cost NPC , comparison of diesel generating system and wind diesel systems were compares for i economic ii technical and iii environmental parameters. Theingi Htun | Hnin Yu Wai | Myo Win Kyaw "Analysis of Wind-Diesel Hybrid System by Homer Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26729.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26729/analysis-of-wind-diesel-hybrid-system-by-homer-software/theingi-htun
Optimizing Hybrid Wind/Diesel Generator System Using BAT AlgorithmIJERA Editor
Hybrid system comprising of Wind/Diesel generation system for a practical standalone application considers
Wind turbine generators and diesel generator as primary power sources for generating electricity. Battery banks
are considered as a backup power source. The total value of cost is reduced by meeting energy demand required
by the customers. Bat optimization technique is implemented to optimize wind and battery modules. Wind and
battery banks are considered as primary sources and diesel generator as a secondary power source for the system
Optimizing Hybrid Wind/Diesel Generator System Using BAT AlgorithmIJERA Editor
This document summarizes an article that proposes optimizing a hybrid wind/diesel generator system using a bat algorithm. The hybrid system considers wind turbines, battery banks, and a diesel generator to meet energy demands. The bat algorithm is implemented to optimize the number and types of wind turbine and battery modules. The algorithm generates random configurations, calculates the power output to determine fitness, and iteratively selects configurations that reduce total system costs, which include investment, installation, and maintenance costs of all components. The results show the optimized number of wind turbine and battery modules determined by the bat algorithm to minimize costs while meeting load demands.
The document describes the design and development of an automatic solar grass cutter machine. It aims to address the drawbacks of conventional gasoline-powered grass cutters such as high operating costs, pollution, and maintenance requirements. The proposed solar grass cutter uses a solar panel to charge a battery, which then powers a DC motor that drives a stainless steel cutting blade. It is designed to be lightweight, low cost to operate, and environmentally friendly by relying on solar energy instead of gasoline. Initial testing showed the machine was able to effectively cut different types of grass using renewable solar power.
A Review on Electric Vehicles and Their ComponentsIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of electric vehicles and their components. It discusses various types of electric vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles. It examines the key components of electric vehicles such as electric motors, batteries, battery management systems, and sensors. It reviews several research papers on topics like selecting suitable electric motors, improving battery efficiency through maintenance and management systems, and developing safety sensors. The document concludes that electric vehicles are the future of transportation as they are more environmentally friendly than gas vehicles and various research efforts are helping to improve the efficiency and performance of electric vehicle components.
This document describes a proposed design for a hybrid pneumatic and electromagnetic engine. The engine aims to provide an alternative to internal combustion engines by eliminating the use of fossil fuels. It works by using compressed air in a primary and secondary cylinder, along with electromagnets and permanent magnets on the piston, to power the piston's reciprocating motion. The document includes diagrams of the engine components like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, and flywheel. It also provides dimensions for the components and discusses how the electromagnetic and pneumatic forces would work together to power the piston's linear motion and convert it to rotational motion to run the engine. Test results show the engine's actual power output compared to theoretical power at different rotation speeds. The
Energy Based Analysis of a Thermal Power Station for Energy Efficiency Improv...IJMER
Despite of growth of renewable energy stations installations like wind, solar, Tidal power, the energy for the world depends heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. It is also expected to continue the dependence on fossil fuels for next few decades. Therefore, given the continued reliance on the fossil fuels for some time, it is important to note these plants must reduce their environmental impact by operating fossil fuels more efficiently. Two types of analysis namely, energy and exergy analysis can be developed for the system. Energy analysis based on first law of thermodynamics cannot be applied as it cannot justify the real useful energy loss because it does not differentiate between the quality and quantity of energy within the system. Whereas, exergy analysis will characterize the work potential of a system based on the second law of thermodynamics and the maximum work that can be obtained from the system when its state is brought to the reference or dead state (standard atmospheric conditions).This technical paper presents the results of exergy and energy analysis carried out on 62 MW coal-based thermal power plant to evaluate the performance. The performance of the plant was estimated by a component-wise modeling followed by a system simulation. A parametric study is conducted for the thermal plant under various operating conditions, including different operating condenser pressures, temperatures and flow rates of cooling water across the condenser etc, in order to determine which parameter that maximizes plant performance. Energy loss distribution to find out the amount and source of irreversibilities generated in boiler and turbine in a plant so that any process in the system having largest energy destruction can be identified and that helps the designer to re design the system components.
IRJET- Energy Generation from Flywheel using MagnetIRJET Journal
This document describes a flywheel energy storage system that uses magnetic repulsion to generate electricity. The system consists of a flywheel coupled to a shaft that spins a synchronous generator. Neodymium magnets placed below the flywheel provide magnetic repulsion to rotate the flywheel when an external motor spins it up. The generator converts the rotational energy to electrical energy that is stored temporarily in a capacitor bank. The capacitor bank supplies energy to loads when the flywheel's rotation fades. The system aims to provide a low-cost prototype for off-grid energy storage using flywheel technology.
IRJET- Implementing Zero Energy Efficiency in Residential BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses implementing zero energy efficiency in residential buildings. It defines different types of zero net energy buildings and proposes designing a residential building in India to achieve net zero status. The proposed building's electricity consumption is calculated and solar panels are designed to meet this demand. The costs of implementing the solar system and conventional electricity costs over 20 years are compared, finding that the zero energy building would save over 9.5 lakh rupees. Examples of existing net zero energy buildings in India are provided and the advantages and disadvantages of such buildings are summarized.
IRJET- Review of Hybrid Solar PV and Wind SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of hybrid solar PV and wind energy systems. It discusses how hybrid systems can provide reliable power by combining intermittent renewable sources. The summary is:
1) Hybrid solar PV and wind systems are reviewed as a solution to provide reliable electricity through combining sources with variable output like solar and wind.
2) Different technologies for hybrid systems are discussed, including optimal sizing methods to minimize costs and maximize reliability.
3) Hybrid systems combine solar, wind, and often batteries or other storage to provide continuous power when individual sources may be intermittent due to weather conditions.
Estimation efficiency of rewound induction motors in situ using a numerical m...journalBEEI
This paper presents an effective technique for determining the impact of rewinding practices on the motor efficiency and characterizing the efficiency reduction when electrical motors are rewound several times. This technique focuses on a new approach and a statistical study to find a numerical model for the estimation efficiency of rewound induction motors in the field. The experimental results from 101 induction motor tests are analyzed. A numerical model is determined and compared with different methods: separate losses method, modified current method and simple current method. An error analysis is conducted to examine the level of uncertainty by testing three asynchronous motors at 110 kW, 160 kW, and 300 kW. The results show that this approach can predict and estimate the efficiency reduction in rewound motors without expensive tests and can help the energy manager make effective cost decisions in replacing the rewound motors with more efficient ones by using an assessment of overconsumption and maintenance costs. Another advantage of this model is that it can be used to improve the software tools and can also be a very strong indicator to audit the repair quality.
IRJET- Regenerative System and it’s ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses regenerative braking systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces regenerative braking as a system that can recapture kinetic energy during braking and convert it to electrical energy. It then provides background on regenerative braking and how it works. The document reviews several past studies on regenerative braking systems and their applications in electric vehicles. It discusses the components and working of a regenerative braking system, including how kinetic energy is captured during braking by a flywheel and generator and stored in a battery.
Similar to IRJET- Solar Power for Operating a Sprayer and House Lighting (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.