The document summarizes a student project to design and fabricate an automated solar-powered lawn mower. It includes an introduction describing the motivation to reduce noise and air pollution from gas-powered mowers. It then outlines the objectives, components, programming, and fabrication process. The components include a solar panel, battery, motors, blades, and an Arduino board. It is programmed using Arduino code and assembled on a chassis. The project aims to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to gas-powered lawn mowers.

1. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
PARALA MAHARAJA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,BERHAMPUR
Presented By:
Raj Kumar Bisoyi
(Production Engineering)
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATED
SOLAR LAWN MOWER
Guided By
Mr. Kashinath Dhamudia
(Asst. Professor )
Department of Mechanical
Engineering

2. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Content
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Objective
• Block Diagram
• Components Used
• Programming
• Fabrication Process
• Comparison between solar and IC engine cutter
• Conclusion
• Application
• Advantage
• Limitation
• References
2

3. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Introduction
• The first lawn mover was invented by Edwin Budding in 1830 in Thrupp, England.
• Classical grass cutters with heavy engines, create noise pollution and
local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine.
• Motor powered engines require periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil,
dust cleaning periodically etc.
• Solar ways grass cutters are environment friendly.
• This prototype will charge from sun using solar panels.
3

4. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Literature Review
4
Literature name Author name Year of
publication
Description
DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF
LOW COST
PORTABLE LAWN
MOWER
R. Sivagurunathan et al 2 Feb 2018 In this study, a hand-held operated machine
for grass cutting was designed and fabricated
by using locally available materials.
Important aspects such as durability, strength,
and light weight were taken into design
considerations for better performance
characteristics
AN IMPROVED
CONTROLLER FOR
GRASS CUTTING
APPLICATION
Z. I. Rizman et al 15 January
2018
In this study an improved controller of
machine cutter capable to improve grass
cutting process become easier. The
manoeuvre of the machine is controlled by
radio frequency (RF) remotely, where the
transmitter embedded in the remote control
while the receiver is placed at the
lawnmower. The RF signal is transferred by
the remote control to the lawnmower via the
antenna (joystick)

5. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
1
Literature name Author name Year of publication Description
SOLAR POWERED
AUTOMATIC
GRASS CUTTER
AND PESTICIDE
SPREADING
ROBOT
A. P. Pralhad et al Volume: 04 Issue:
05 | May -2017
In this study a Solar Powered Automatic
Grass Cutting And Pesticide Spreading robot
project is mainly proposal for reduce the
manpower and usage of electricity. Solar plate
is used to provide the source to the battery
charging. It is an automated system for the
purpose of grass cutting. The source is drive
from the solar energy by using solar plate
AUTOMATED
SOLAR GRASS
CUTTER
Ms. Y.Rutuja A et
al
February 2017
IJSDR | Volume 2,
Issue 2
In this study we analysis the problems facing
by us in daily life that are like pollutions,
power cut etc.
In order to overcome these problems, we have
thought about the device, which can be
performing its functions without causing any
of these problems. So we have thought of
doing the project on cutting grass, this uses the
renewable source of energy for its operation
like solar energy. This project aims at
developing a portable solar operated grass
cutting device, as there is power shortage

6. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
1
Literature name Author name Year of publication Description
AUTOMATIC GRASS
CUTTER
S. Mohyuddin et al Volume 2 | Issue 11 | May
2016
In this study we analyze that a
normal grass cutter moving with
IC engine will run based on the
energy from petrol. The major
drawbacks of this technology are
high running cost; create noise
pollution and air pollution. Also,
an IC engine requires periodic
maintenance such as changing the
engine oil, mechanical
maintenance. It is an innovative
technology of cutting grass
without any pollution, electric
solar grass cutter are
environmentally friendly

7. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Objective
• Reduction in the use of fossil fuel.
• Use of renewable energy.
• It can control pollution and its eco friendly.
• Reduce Noise Pollution.
• Reduces the human efforts.
5

8. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Block Diagram
6

9. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Components used
1. Solar Panel
2. Battery
3. DC motor
4. Cutting Blades
5. Arduino Mega
6. Machine chassis
7. Pulley
8. Wheel
9. Coupler
10. Shaft
11. Mower Deck
12. Spindle
7

10. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Solar panel
• The source is driven from the solar energy using photovoltaic panel which charges the
battery and is used for powering operation of the system.
• It is an important source of renewable energy
• A photovoltaic module is a packaged,
connected assembly of solar cells.
8

11. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Battery
• Solar cell module produces electricity only when the sun is shining.
• The batteries are used as a storage device for solar energy which can be further converted
into electrical energy.
• Voltage : 12 DC
• Current: 3-5 A
9

12. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
DC Motor
• A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current
(DC).
• DC motors have a rotating armature winding.
• The type of motor used is DC squared geared motor.
• Specification:
• 12V
• Two of 100 rpm and one of 2700 rpm
• 46mm extented transmition shaft
10

13. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Cutting Blade
• These are the cutting component of lawn mower.
• They are made of sturdy metal as they must be able to withstand high speed contact with
a variety of objects in addition to grass.
• The type of blade we have used is deck blade.
They are the standard or straight mower blade.
• The length of cutting blade
is 186mm and width 25mm.
11

14. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Arduino Mega(2560)
• It is the brain of solar lawn mower.
 Microcontroller : Atmega 1280
 Operating Voltage : 5 V dc
 Digital Pin : 54
 Analog pin :16
 Flash Memory :128 kb
 SRAM : 8 kb
 EEPROM : 4kb
12

15. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Machine Chassis
• This is the frame of the machine where the whole assembly is done.
• It is made up of steel material made by the process of welding and joining of designed
parts.
• To this chassis the motors are
connected and mower deck is
mounted.
• The dimension of chassis is 370 x 400mm.
13

16. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Pulley
• A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change
of direction of belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt.
• A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to
locate the cable or belt.
• Pulleys are assembled as part of belt and chain drives
in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to
another.
• The pulley is made of nylon material.
14

17. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Wheel
• Circular object that revolves around an axle.
• The major function is to facilitate steady motion of the machine.
• This generally runs from the power driven from the motor.
• Wheels used are lightweight plastic wheels.
• Types of wheels used :
 Two driver wheel of 6 inch dia
 Twelve driven wheel of 4 inch dia
 Two Caster wheel
15

18. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Coupler
• Coupler is a link or rod transmitting power between two rotating
mechanism , or a rotating part and a reciprocating part.
• The material used for making coupler is steel rods.
16

19. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Shaft
• A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section.
• It is used to transmit power from one part to another.
• The type of shaft we have used is transmission shaft of material mild
steel.
• Dimension:
17

20. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Mower Deck
• Mower deck is used to assemble all the cutting grass and throw them in a specified
direction.
• Spindle are mounted on mower deck to hold the cutting blade in position.
• Dimension:
18

21. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Spindle
• Spindle is a rotating axis of the machine, which often has a shaft at its heart.
• Specification:
• Dia: 75
• Step turning at 46mm
• Center hole dia:
19

22. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
PROGRAMMING
const int trigPin = 11; // defining the constant
const int echoPin = 10;
int pirp = 2;
int val = 0;
const int in1 = 3;
const int in2 = 4;
const int in3 = 5;
const int in4 = 6;
const int in5 = 7;
const int in6 = 8;
void setup() //defining the setup
20

23. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(pirp, INPUT);
pinMode (in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode (in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode (in3, OUTPUT);
pinMode (in4, OUTPUT);
pinMode (in5, OUTPUT);
pinMode (in6, OUTPUT);
}
long duration, distance;
void forward() //declaration of userdefine function
{
21

24. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
}
void backward()
{
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);
}
22

25. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
}
// defining the looping
void loop()
{
val = digitalRead(inputPin); // read input value
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration/58.2;
23

26. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
if (val == HIGH)
{ // check if the input is HIGH
if (pirState == LOW)
{
// we have just turned on
Serial.println("Motion detected!");
stopp();
// We only want to print on the output change, not state
pirp= HIGH;
}
24

27. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
}
else if (distance>30)
forwad();
else if(distance<30)
leftturn();
}
delay(50);
}
25

28. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Fabrication Process
COUPLER
Operations done for the manufacturing of couplers are step turning, facing, drilling, boring,
taping, plane turning
26

29. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
28
SPINDLE
Operations done for the manufacturing of spindle of nylone material are plane turning, step
turning, drilling, facing and taping.

30. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
27
Hub Supporting plate
Operations done for the manufacturing of hub supporting plate of MS flat sheet of 5mm
thickness are gas cutting, drilling and boring in lathe and grinding.

31. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
29
PULLEY
Operations done during for the manufacturing of pulley- plane turning, facing, drilling,
grooving and taping

32. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
SPINDLE
Operations done for the manufacturing of spindle of nylone material are plane turning,
step turning, drilling, facing and taping.
30

33. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
MOWER DECK
Operations done for the manufacturing of mower deck are cutting, bending, grinding and
drilling.
1

34. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
CHASSIS
Operations done for the manufacturing of base- cutting, welding and grinding.
31

35. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
SHAFT
Operations done for the manufacturing of shaft of MS material are plane turning, facing and
drilling.
1

36. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Comparison between solar and IC engine cutter
32

37. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
• The work done on lawn mower will meet the challenge of environmental
production and low cost of operation since there is no cost for fueling.
• This lawn mower has been developed for the use of residences and establishments
that have lawns where tractor driven mowers could not be used.
• The machine has proved to be a possible replacement for the gasoline powered
lawn mowers.
Conclusion
33

38. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Application
• Playgrounds (cricket ground, football ground etc.)
• House gardens
• Small farms
• Educational institutes
34

39. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Advantage
• Compact size and portable
• No fuel cost
• No pollution
• Easy to move from one place to another
• Less wear and tear
• Non-skilled person can also operate
35

40. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
Limitations
• Difficult to operate in rainy seasons.
• Need some maintenance.
36

41. ParalaMaharajaEngineeringCollege Major Project Presentation 2018
• Sujendran S. and Vanitha p., Smart Lawn Mower for Grass Trimming, International Journal of
Science and Research, Vol.3, 2014, 2319-7064.
• P. Amrutesh, B. Sagar and B. Venu, Solar Grass Cutter With Linear Blades By Using Scotch Yoke
Mechanism, International Journal of Engineering, Research and Applications, Vol.4,2016,2248-
9622.
• E. Naresh, Boss Babu and G. Rahul, Grass Cutting Machine By Solar Power, International Journal
and Magazine of Engineering, Technology, Management and Research, Vol.3, 2016,2348-4845.
• Vicky Jain, SagarPatil, Prashant Bagane, Prof. Mrs. S .S. Patil, Solar Based Wireless Grass Cutter,
International Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering ,Vol.2,2016,2349-784X.
• Sultan Mohyuddin ,Digesh K D, Vivek T K, Nazeya Khanam F and Vidyashree H V, Automatic
Grass Cutter, International Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering ,Vol.2,2016,2349-
784X.
References
37