This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effect of leading edge tubercles on the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 0015 airfoil. Three different tubercle amplitudes were modeled and compared to the baseline airfoil without tubercles. The analysis was conducted at a Reynolds number of 5.005x10^5 for angles of attack from 0 to 30 degrees. The results showed that tubercles improved lift in the post-stall region and delayed stall by at least 40 degrees. In the pre-stall region, the baseline airfoil produced higher lift than the tubercle airfoils. Varying the tubercle amplitude affected performance, suggesting optimization of amplitude and wavelength could
Computational Investigation on the Effect of Fences on Aerodynamic Characteri...ijtsrd
A computational study, to improve the stall characteristics of wing at high angles of attack, with and without fence configuration is done here. Wing fences, also known as boundary layer fences and potential fences are fixed aerodynamic devices attached to aircraft in the exactly middle of the span and two fences are fixed in the exactly middle of the wing span and two fences are fixed at 25 percentage of wing span from their corresponding wing tip. The main aim of this research is to improve the lift and stalling angle. A rectangular wing with different angles of attack is used. Modeling was done in CATIA V5 R20 and meshing and analyzing was taken in ANSYS workbench and CFX. Then the graph is drawn for CL and CD for various angles of attack and various models. Mohamed Hamdan. A "Computational Investigation on the Effect of Fences on Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Aircraft Wing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43687.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/aeronautical-engineering/43687/computational-investigation-on-the-effect-of-fences-on-aerodynamic-characteristics-of-an-aircraft-wing/mohamed-hamdan-a
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for designing efficient microstrip patch antennas. It summarizes several papers that propose different techniques such as slot cutting, fractal geometry, and defected ground structures to improve antenna characteristics like bandwidth and gain. It then describes the design of an initiator patch antenna, including selecting parameters like operating frequency, dielectric constant, and substrate height. Dimensions of the initiator patch are calculated and different shaped slots are analyzed to modify the design. In conclusion, while techniques can improve limitations, further research is still needed to address issues like complex structures and reduced bandwidth or gain.
This document discusses using Lamb waves and 3D laser vibrometry to detect fatigue cracks in metallic structures. Specifically, it describes generating Lamb waves with a piezoceramic transducer and sensing the waves' vibration patterns with a laser vibrometer. An experiment was conducted where a fatigue crack was introduced into an aluminum plate. Lamb waves were then used to detect the crack, demonstrating this method's potential for non-destructive testing of metallic structures.
IRJET- Review on Antennas of Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging TTWRI SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews different antenna types used in Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging (TTWRI) systems. It discusses that Vivaldi and horn antennas are most commonly used due to their wide bandwidth and high directivity. The review examines several papers that implemented TTWRI systems using antennas such as Vivaldi arrays, horn arrays, Archimedean spirals, and patch antennas across frequency bands from 0.5-10 GHz. Key antenna properties for TTWRI discussed are return loss below -10 dB, gain above 8 dB, and side lobe levels below -10 dB. The document concludes antennas should have low frequency, high gain, low side lobes, and be lightweight for optimal TTWRI performance.
A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearabl...journalBEEI
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate with low-profile dimensions of 30x38 mm, making it suitable for wearables. Simulation results show the antenna operates as desired under bending conditions mimicking the average human arm. Specific absorption rate simulations also show the antenna meets FCC and ICNIRP safety guidelines when worn on the body for industrial, scientific and medical applications.
Design of Naca63215 Airfoil for a Wind TurbineIOSR Journals
1. The document describes the design of an airfoil and winglet for a wind turbine blade to improve efficiency and reduce noise. NACA 63-215 airfoil profile is selected for analysis.
2. The blade is modeled in Pro/E and Hypermesh software. Sections are created along the blade length with variations to the standard design. A winglet is proposed to be added to the blade tip to further increase efficiency and reduce noise during operation.
3. The existing blade design and a modified design with a winglet added to the tip are compared using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the results.
Wind energy is a promising energy source. Modern wind power industry officially started in 1979 in Denmark with a
turbine of few KW and its evaluation brought up to now, devices of which rated power is higher than 20 MW.
The size of wind turbine’s massively increased and their design achieved a common standard device: Horizontal axis,
Three blades, Upwind, Pitch controlled blades, Active yaw system.
This document describes the design and simulation of a corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) horn antenna. CSIW replaces conducting vias in SIW with quarter-wavelength microstrip stubs arranged in a corrugated pattern, allowing for planar integration. The CSIW horn antenna design is presented, including theoretical formulations for dimensions. Simulation results using HFSS show the CSIW horn antenna provides high gain of 5dB, low VSWR, and wide bandwidth of 991.9 kHz at an operating frequency of 11 GHz. In conclusion, the CSIW horn antenna inherits advantages of conventional horn antennas like high gain and bandwidth while allowing for a compact, integrated structure.
Computational Investigation on the Effect of Fences on Aerodynamic Characteri...ijtsrd
A computational study, to improve the stall characteristics of wing at high angles of attack, with and without fence configuration is done here. Wing fences, also known as boundary layer fences and potential fences are fixed aerodynamic devices attached to aircraft in the exactly middle of the span and two fences are fixed in the exactly middle of the wing span and two fences are fixed at 25 percentage of wing span from their corresponding wing tip. The main aim of this research is to improve the lift and stalling angle. A rectangular wing with different angles of attack is used. Modeling was done in CATIA V5 R20 and meshing and analyzing was taken in ANSYS workbench and CFX. Then the graph is drawn for CL and CD for various angles of attack and various models. Mohamed Hamdan. A "Computational Investigation on the Effect of Fences on Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Aircraft Wing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43687.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/aeronautical-engineering/43687/computational-investigation-on-the-effect-of-fences-on-aerodynamic-characteristics-of-an-aircraft-wing/mohamed-hamdan-a
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for designing efficient microstrip patch antennas. It summarizes several papers that propose different techniques such as slot cutting, fractal geometry, and defected ground structures to improve antenna characteristics like bandwidth and gain. It then describes the design of an initiator patch antenna, including selecting parameters like operating frequency, dielectric constant, and substrate height. Dimensions of the initiator patch are calculated and different shaped slots are analyzed to modify the design. In conclusion, while techniques can improve limitations, further research is still needed to address issues like complex structures and reduced bandwidth or gain.
This document discusses using Lamb waves and 3D laser vibrometry to detect fatigue cracks in metallic structures. Specifically, it describes generating Lamb waves with a piezoceramic transducer and sensing the waves' vibration patterns with a laser vibrometer. An experiment was conducted where a fatigue crack was introduced into an aluminum plate. Lamb waves were then used to detect the crack, demonstrating this method's potential for non-destructive testing of metallic structures.
IRJET- Review on Antennas of Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging TTWRI SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews different antenna types used in Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging (TTWRI) systems. It discusses that Vivaldi and horn antennas are most commonly used due to their wide bandwidth and high directivity. The review examines several papers that implemented TTWRI systems using antennas such as Vivaldi arrays, horn arrays, Archimedean spirals, and patch antennas across frequency bands from 0.5-10 GHz. Key antenna properties for TTWRI discussed are return loss below -10 dB, gain above 8 dB, and side lobe levels below -10 dB. The document concludes antennas should have low frequency, high gain, low side lobes, and be lightweight for optimal TTWRI performance.
A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearabl...journalBEEI
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate with low-profile dimensions of 30x38 mm, making it suitable for wearables. Simulation results show the antenna operates as desired under bending conditions mimicking the average human arm. Specific absorption rate simulations also show the antenna meets FCC and ICNIRP safety guidelines when worn on the body for industrial, scientific and medical applications.
Design of Naca63215 Airfoil for a Wind TurbineIOSR Journals
1. The document describes the design of an airfoil and winglet for a wind turbine blade to improve efficiency and reduce noise. NACA 63-215 airfoil profile is selected for analysis.
2. The blade is modeled in Pro/E and Hypermesh software. Sections are created along the blade length with variations to the standard design. A winglet is proposed to be added to the blade tip to further increase efficiency and reduce noise during operation.
3. The existing blade design and a modified design with a winglet added to the tip are compared using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the results.
Wind energy is a promising energy source. Modern wind power industry officially started in 1979 in Denmark with a
turbine of few KW and its evaluation brought up to now, devices of which rated power is higher than 20 MW.
The size of wind turbine’s massively increased and their design achieved a common standard device: Horizontal axis,
Three blades, Upwind, Pitch controlled blades, Active yaw system.
This document describes the design and simulation of a corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) horn antenna. CSIW replaces conducting vias in SIW with quarter-wavelength microstrip stubs arranged in a corrugated pattern, allowing for planar integration. The CSIW horn antenna design is presented, including theoretical formulations for dimensions. Simulation results using HFSS show the CSIW horn antenna provides high gain of 5dB, low VSWR, and wide bandwidth of 991.9 kHz at an operating frequency of 11 GHz. In conclusion, the CSIW horn antenna inherits advantages of conventional horn antennas like high gain and bandwidth while allowing for a compact, integrated structure.
This document provides an overview of microstrip patch antennas. It discusses their structure, which consists of a radiating patch on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane on the bottom. Common shapes for the patch include square, rectangular, circular, and triangular. Key parameters that affect performance are described. Advantages include low profile, light weight, and easy integration with circuits. Disadvantages include narrow bandwidth and low gain. Applications discussed include mobile devices, satellites, GPS, and medical therapy. Different types of microstrip antennas are also categorized, including patch antennas, slot antennas, dipoles, and traveling wave antennas.
IRJET - Design and Optimize of Bow-Tie Patch Antenna with Shifting of Inner ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and optimization of a bow-tie patch antenna with shifting inner width using HFSS simulation software. The authors varied parameters like patch arm length and outer width to analyze the S-parameters, operating frequency, directivity, gain and efficiency. They found that shifting the inner width to 1.7mm provided the best results, with a return loss of -18dB at an operating frequency of 10.6GHz. The voltage standing wave ratio was less than 2 over the antenna's operating bandwidth. The antenna exhibited a broadband characteristic and high gain, making it suitable for high frequency applications such as military communications.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Buckling Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel SectionsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel sections under compression. Two types of cold-formed steel column sections - back to back lipped channel section and face to face lipped channel section - were tested. The back to back section showed higher load capacity and lesser deflection compared to the face to face section. Load-deflection and load-strain curves were obtained from the experiment. The back to back section failed at 155kN load with 3.8mm deflection, while the face to face section failed at 100kN load with 5.19mm deflection. Thus, the study concluded that the back to back section with lips has a higher load carrying capacity.
This document provides an overview of defected ground structures (DGS) for microwave circuit applications. It discusses how DGS units are etched patterns in circuit ground planes that can alter transmission line properties like capacitance and inductance. Various DGS unit shapes are presented, including dumbbell, spiral, arrowhead, and interdigital designs. Periodic DGS involve cascading multiple DGS units and can further widen stopbands and reduce circuit size. The document outlines the basic concepts and transmission characteristics of DGS and surveys their applications in microwave components.
This document describes the design and simulation of a trapezoidal microstrip patch antenna for ultra-wideband applications from 3-10 GHz. The antenna has a trapezoidal patch connected to a microstrip feedline on an FR4 substrate. A slot is etched in the ground plane to increase the impedance bandwidth. Simulations show the antenna achieves over 107% fractional bandwidth with return loss over 10 dB and VSWR less than 2 across the band. Radiation patterns are omnidirectional in the H-plane and bidirectional in the E-plane. The antenna realizes an average gain of 4.569 dB and is presented as a candidate for UWB applications.
IRJET- Static and Dynamic Analysis of a Two Wheeler Shock Absorber using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the static and dynamic performance of a two-wheeler shock absorber using different materials for the helical coil spring. A 3D model of a shock absorber is created in SolidWorks. Structural, modal, frequency response, and transient analyses are performed to evaluate stresses, displacements, natural frequencies, and dynamic response under various loading conditions. Five different materials - stainless steel, carbon steel, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, and titanium alloy - are considered for the spring. The analyses aim to determine the best material for the spring to improve the shock absorber's performance.
IRJET- Circularly Polarized Ultra Wide Band Ring Shaped DGS Microstrip An...IRJET Journal
This document presents the design and simulation of a circularly polarized ultra-wideband ring shaped defected ground structure microstrip antenna for wireless applications. The proposed antenna was designed on an FR4 substrate using HFSS simulation software. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved over 31% bandwidth with good axial ratio and gain characteristics. The antenna was then fabricated and measured, showing 22.85% bandwidth. The simulated and measured results were found to be in good agreement overall. The antenna is suitable for applications such as mobile satellite services, Bluetooth, and wireless networking due to its wide bandwidth and circular polarization.
Sensitivity of the MEMS based Piezoresistive Wind Speed Sensor with Comparati...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing the sensitivity of a MEMS piezoresistive wind speed sensor using different shaped paddles (hexagonal, rectangular, triangular) through finite element analysis. The triangular paddle produced the highest stress levels and sensor sensitivity of 0.20402825 mV/ms-1. Simulation results showed that as wind speed increased from 20-40 m/s, stress, displacement, and sensor output voltage also increased, with the triangular paddle design performing best. The sensor was designed to detect wind speed changes through the resulting resistance changes in an on-chip piezoresistive layer.
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum WeightRSIS International
Aircraft is a complex mechanical structure with flying capability. The structure of an airframe represents one of the finest examples of a minimum weight design in the field of structural engineering. Surprisingly such an efficient design is achieved by the use of simple “strength-of-material” approach. Aircraft has two major components, which are fuselage and wing. For a wing of an aircraft the primary load carrying ability is required in bending. A typical aluminium material 6082-T6 is chosen for the design. A four-Seater aircraft wing spar design is considered in the current study. Wings of the aircraft are normally attached to the fuselage at the root of the wing. This makes the wing spar beam to behave almost like a cantilever beam. Minimum two spars are considered in the wing design. In a conventional beam design approach one will end up in heavy weight for the spar of the wing. In the current project the spar is considered as a beam with discrete loads at different stations. The design is carried out as per the external bending moment at each station. A finite element approach is used to calculate the stresses developed at each station for a given bending moment. Several stress analysis iterations are carried out for design optimization of the spar beam. Linear static analysis is used for the stress analysis. The spar beam is designed to yield at the design limit load. Weight optimization of the spar will be carried out by introducing lightening cut-outs in the web region. The results from the conventional design approach and the optimized design are compared. Weight saving through the design optimization is calculated. Spar will be a built-up structure. A scale-down model of the spar will be fabricated using aluminium alloy 6082-T6 material. Static testing of the spar will be carried out to validate the design and stress analysis results.
Structural Health Monitoring of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Leaf Springpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has gained wide acceptance in the recent years as a means to monitor a structure and provide an early warning of an unsafe condition using real time data. Many researchers have shown that, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite leaf springs can be successfully used for suspension systems. This paper emphasizes on developing the SHM system for E-Glass/Epoxy FRP composite leaf springs based on strain sensing.
Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Fiber reinforced polymer, Strain-gauge sensors, Composite leaf spring, E-Glass/Epoxy.
An Aperture Coupled Printed Antenna for Broadband Radio ServicesIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and simulation of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna for broadband radio services.
2) The antenna is designed to resonate at 2.56 GHz using an aperture coupling technique for improved isolation and lower cross polarization.
3) Simulation results show the antenna has a return loss of -24.5 dB at 2.56 GHz with a 140 MHz bandwidth, a maximum gain of 3.08 dBi, and radiation patterns suitable for broadband applications.
IRJET- Aerodynamic Performance Analysis on a Wing with “M” Shaped Serrate...IRJET Journal
1. Researchers analyzed the aerodynamic performance of a wing with an "M" shaped serrated trailing edge using wind tunnel testing.
2. Results showed that the serrated trailing edge design produced up to 25% more lift and 61% less drag compared to a normal wing at certain angles of attack.
3. The maximum improvement in lift-to-drag ratio occurred at an angle of attack of 10 degrees. The study demonstrates that the "M" shaped serrated trailing edge can enhance the aerodynamic performance of wings.
Fatigue Analysis of Articulated Support for Offshore Wind TurbineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on performing fatigue analysis of the articulated support for an offshore wind turbine. Articulated supports are well-suited for sea depths around 200 meters. Previous research has not investigated fatigue analysis of articulated joints supporting offshore wind turbines. The objectives of this study are to perform coupled aerohydrodynamic analysis to obtain critical stresses, model the critical joints to get stress variations over time, and use this to perform a fatigue analysis. The methodology involves developing a preliminary model, performing eigen analysis to avoid resonance, coupled dynamic analysis using FAST and NAOS software, and applying time history forces to a joint model to analyze fatigue.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
This document discusses the development of a fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). It begins with an introduction comparing multi-rotor and fixed-wing UAVs and proposing a hybrid VTOL design. It then details the conceptual design process including weight estimation, airfoil selection, and preliminary sizing calculations. Next, it describes the preliminary and detailed design stages in Solidworks and validation of the design through computational fluid dynamics analysis in ANSYS Fluent. Finally, it summarizes that the methodology allows for the design of a fixed-wing VTOL UAV and concludes the design is ready for prototyping and flight testing.
Experimental Analysis of a Low Cost Lift and Drag Force Measurement System fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes the experimental analysis of a low-cost lift and drag force measurement system designed for educational wind tunnel experiments. The system uses a mechanical linkage connected to piezoresistive force sensors to measure the lift and drag forces on a NACA 4209 airfoil. The system was tested in a wind tunnel at various air speeds and angles of attack. The experimental coefficient of lift and drag were compared to literature values, finding reasonable accuracy for lift but more error for drag, likely due to sensor fluctuations. The system was also able to indirectly measure wind tunnel air speed with an error of around -6.5% compared to measurements from a differential manometer. Overall, the low-cost system was found to provide sufficiently accurate
Numerical Analysis of Lift & Drag Performance of NACA0012 Wind Turbine AerofoilIRJET Journal
This document discusses numerical analysis of lift and drag performance for a NACA0012 wind turbine airfoil. Two airfoil models were analyzed: one with a regular surface and another with circular dimples added to the upper surface. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to calculate the coefficient of lift and drag at various angles of attack. The results showed that adding dimples to the upper surface increased the lift to drag ratio compared to the regular airfoil surface, indicating improved aerodynamic performance from controlling flow separation with the dimples.
Composite propeller performance monitoring with embedded fb gsPhuong Dx
Fiber Bragg grating sensors were embedded in composite propeller blades to monitor strains during testing. Five sensors were placed on the suction side of each blade based on predicted strains from modeling. During tests in a water tunnel, the sensors measured dynamic strains from the propeller operating behind a wake screen at various thrust levels. Preliminary analysis showed mean strains scaled with load while fluctuations increased as load decreased. Detailed interpretation of results awaits modeling comparisons. Embedding the sensors demonstrated the ability to monitor composite structures under real operating conditions.
IRJET- A Literature Review on Wideband Microstrip Patch Antennas using Multip...IRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on designs of wideband microstrip patch antennas using multiple stacked elements. It summarizes several journal articles that propose different stacked configurations to improve bandwidth, including a stacked rectangular patch antenna that achieves 11% bandwidth, a three-element stacked patch with 10% impedance bandwidth and 8.5% axial ratio bandwidth, and a circularly polarized stacked patch with C-type feed that achieves 21% return loss bandwidth and 13.5% axial ratio bandwidth. It also reviews a probe-fed stacked patch with U-slot and E-shaped parasitic patch that achieves a bandwidth of 59.7%. The document concludes that stacked patch antenna designs can provide broad bandwidths suitable for wireless applications like radar and communications
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the aerodynamic design of wind turbine blades using winglets. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to model and analyze a scaled wind turbine model with and without winglets. The results showed that adding winglets to the blades reduced drag and increased lift, leading to a 1.3% increase in power production. Pointing the winglets downstream further improved performance. In conclusion, winglets show potential for improving blade efficiency but their effects on increased thrust must also be considered.
IRJET- Development of High-Lift Laminar Wing using Steady Active Flow ControlIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated using active flow control (AFC) to develop a high-lift laminar wing. AFC was tested from different slot locations at varying momentum coefficients to determine its effect on lift and drag. The most effective case used unequal blowing from the leading and trailing edge slots, increasing lift by 31-43% compared to the baseline wing without AFC. However, these lift increases were lower than other studies. Pressure distributions showed that AFC helped reenergize the boundary layer and prevent flow separation at higher angles of attack. While encouraging, further investigation is needed to fully realize the potential of AFC for improving the high-lift capability of laminar wings.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study comparing the aerodynamic performance of a bio-inspired corrugated dragonfly wing aerofoil to conventional flat plate and NACA airfoils. CFD simulations were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 20,000-100,000 and angles of attack from 0-25 degrees. Results showed that the corrugated aerofoil had improved aerodynamic performance over the other airfoils, with a higher stall angle and increased lift. This is due to the corrugations reducing flow separation. The corrugated aerofoil design could potentially be incorporated into micro air vehicles (MAVs) to enhance their aerodynamic performance.
This document provides an overview of microstrip patch antennas. It discusses their structure, which consists of a radiating patch on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane on the bottom. Common shapes for the patch include square, rectangular, circular, and triangular. Key parameters that affect performance are described. Advantages include low profile, light weight, and easy integration with circuits. Disadvantages include narrow bandwidth and low gain. Applications discussed include mobile devices, satellites, GPS, and medical therapy. Different types of microstrip antennas are also categorized, including patch antennas, slot antennas, dipoles, and traveling wave antennas.
IRJET - Design and Optimize of Bow-Tie Patch Antenna with Shifting of Inner ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and optimization of a bow-tie patch antenna with shifting inner width using HFSS simulation software. The authors varied parameters like patch arm length and outer width to analyze the S-parameters, operating frequency, directivity, gain and efficiency. They found that shifting the inner width to 1.7mm provided the best results, with a return loss of -18dB at an operating frequency of 10.6GHz. The voltage standing wave ratio was less than 2 over the antenna's operating bandwidth. The antenna exhibited a broadband characteristic and high gain, making it suitable for high frequency applications such as military communications.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Buckling Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel SectionsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel sections under compression. Two types of cold-formed steel column sections - back to back lipped channel section and face to face lipped channel section - were tested. The back to back section showed higher load capacity and lesser deflection compared to the face to face section. Load-deflection and load-strain curves were obtained from the experiment. The back to back section failed at 155kN load with 3.8mm deflection, while the face to face section failed at 100kN load with 5.19mm deflection. Thus, the study concluded that the back to back section with lips has a higher load carrying capacity.
This document provides an overview of defected ground structures (DGS) for microwave circuit applications. It discusses how DGS units are etched patterns in circuit ground planes that can alter transmission line properties like capacitance and inductance. Various DGS unit shapes are presented, including dumbbell, spiral, arrowhead, and interdigital designs. Periodic DGS involve cascading multiple DGS units and can further widen stopbands and reduce circuit size. The document outlines the basic concepts and transmission characteristics of DGS and surveys their applications in microwave components.
This document describes the design and simulation of a trapezoidal microstrip patch antenna for ultra-wideband applications from 3-10 GHz. The antenna has a trapezoidal patch connected to a microstrip feedline on an FR4 substrate. A slot is etched in the ground plane to increase the impedance bandwidth. Simulations show the antenna achieves over 107% fractional bandwidth with return loss over 10 dB and VSWR less than 2 across the band. Radiation patterns are omnidirectional in the H-plane and bidirectional in the E-plane. The antenna realizes an average gain of 4.569 dB and is presented as a candidate for UWB applications.
IRJET- Static and Dynamic Analysis of a Two Wheeler Shock Absorber using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the static and dynamic performance of a two-wheeler shock absorber using different materials for the helical coil spring. A 3D model of a shock absorber is created in SolidWorks. Structural, modal, frequency response, and transient analyses are performed to evaluate stresses, displacements, natural frequencies, and dynamic response under various loading conditions. Five different materials - stainless steel, carbon steel, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, and titanium alloy - are considered for the spring. The analyses aim to determine the best material for the spring to improve the shock absorber's performance.
IRJET- Circularly Polarized Ultra Wide Band Ring Shaped DGS Microstrip An...IRJET Journal
This document presents the design and simulation of a circularly polarized ultra-wideband ring shaped defected ground structure microstrip antenna for wireless applications. The proposed antenna was designed on an FR4 substrate using HFSS simulation software. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved over 31% bandwidth with good axial ratio and gain characteristics. The antenna was then fabricated and measured, showing 22.85% bandwidth. The simulated and measured results were found to be in good agreement overall. The antenna is suitable for applications such as mobile satellite services, Bluetooth, and wireless networking due to its wide bandwidth and circular polarization.
Sensitivity of the MEMS based Piezoresistive Wind Speed Sensor with Comparati...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing the sensitivity of a MEMS piezoresistive wind speed sensor using different shaped paddles (hexagonal, rectangular, triangular) through finite element analysis. The triangular paddle produced the highest stress levels and sensor sensitivity of 0.20402825 mV/ms-1. Simulation results showed that as wind speed increased from 20-40 m/s, stress, displacement, and sensor output voltage also increased, with the triangular paddle design performing best. The sensor was designed to detect wind speed changes through the resulting resistance changes in an on-chip piezoresistive layer.
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum WeightRSIS International
Aircraft is a complex mechanical structure with flying capability. The structure of an airframe represents one of the finest examples of a minimum weight design in the field of structural engineering. Surprisingly such an efficient design is achieved by the use of simple “strength-of-material” approach. Aircraft has two major components, which are fuselage and wing. For a wing of an aircraft the primary load carrying ability is required in bending. A typical aluminium material 6082-T6 is chosen for the design. A four-Seater aircraft wing spar design is considered in the current study. Wings of the aircraft are normally attached to the fuselage at the root of the wing. This makes the wing spar beam to behave almost like a cantilever beam. Minimum two spars are considered in the wing design. In a conventional beam design approach one will end up in heavy weight for the spar of the wing. In the current project the spar is considered as a beam with discrete loads at different stations. The design is carried out as per the external bending moment at each station. A finite element approach is used to calculate the stresses developed at each station for a given bending moment. Several stress analysis iterations are carried out for design optimization of the spar beam. Linear static analysis is used for the stress analysis. The spar beam is designed to yield at the design limit load. Weight optimization of the spar will be carried out by introducing lightening cut-outs in the web region. The results from the conventional design approach and the optimized design are compared. Weight saving through the design optimization is calculated. Spar will be a built-up structure. A scale-down model of the spar will be fabricated using aluminium alloy 6082-T6 material. Static testing of the spar will be carried out to validate the design and stress analysis results.
Structural Health Monitoring of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Leaf Springpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has gained wide acceptance in the recent years as a means to monitor a structure and provide an early warning of an unsafe condition using real time data. Many researchers have shown that, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite leaf springs can be successfully used for suspension systems. This paper emphasizes on developing the SHM system for E-Glass/Epoxy FRP composite leaf springs based on strain sensing.
Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Fiber reinforced polymer, Strain-gauge sensors, Composite leaf spring, E-Glass/Epoxy.
An Aperture Coupled Printed Antenna for Broadband Radio ServicesIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and simulation of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna for broadband radio services.
2) The antenna is designed to resonate at 2.56 GHz using an aperture coupling technique for improved isolation and lower cross polarization.
3) Simulation results show the antenna has a return loss of -24.5 dB at 2.56 GHz with a 140 MHz bandwidth, a maximum gain of 3.08 dBi, and radiation patterns suitable for broadband applications.
IRJET- Aerodynamic Performance Analysis on a Wing with “M” Shaped Serrate...IRJET Journal
1. Researchers analyzed the aerodynamic performance of a wing with an "M" shaped serrated trailing edge using wind tunnel testing.
2. Results showed that the serrated trailing edge design produced up to 25% more lift and 61% less drag compared to a normal wing at certain angles of attack.
3. The maximum improvement in lift-to-drag ratio occurred at an angle of attack of 10 degrees. The study demonstrates that the "M" shaped serrated trailing edge can enhance the aerodynamic performance of wings.
Fatigue Analysis of Articulated Support for Offshore Wind TurbineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on performing fatigue analysis of the articulated support for an offshore wind turbine. Articulated supports are well-suited for sea depths around 200 meters. Previous research has not investigated fatigue analysis of articulated joints supporting offshore wind turbines. The objectives of this study are to perform coupled aerohydrodynamic analysis to obtain critical stresses, model the critical joints to get stress variations over time, and use this to perform a fatigue analysis. The methodology involves developing a preliminary model, performing eigen analysis to avoid resonance, coupled dynamic analysis using FAST and NAOS software, and applying time history forces to a joint model to analyze fatigue.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
This document discusses the development of a fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). It begins with an introduction comparing multi-rotor and fixed-wing UAVs and proposing a hybrid VTOL design. It then details the conceptual design process including weight estimation, airfoil selection, and preliminary sizing calculations. Next, it describes the preliminary and detailed design stages in Solidworks and validation of the design through computational fluid dynamics analysis in ANSYS Fluent. Finally, it summarizes that the methodology allows for the design of a fixed-wing VTOL UAV and concludes the design is ready for prototyping and flight testing.
Experimental Analysis of a Low Cost Lift and Drag Force Measurement System fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes the experimental analysis of a low-cost lift and drag force measurement system designed for educational wind tunnel experiments. The system uses a mechanical linkage connected to piezoresistive force sensors to measure the lift and drag forces on a NACA 4209 airfoil. The system was tested in a wind tunnel at various air speeds and angles of attack. The experimental coefficient of lift and drag were compared to literature values, finding reasonable accuracy for lift but more error for drag, likely due to sensor fluctuations. The system was also able to indirectly measure wind tunnel air speed with an error of around -6.5% compared to measurements from a differential manometer. Overall, the low-cost system was found to provide sufficiently accurate
Numerical Analysis of Lift & Drag Performance of NACA0012 Wind Turbine AerofoilIRJET Journal
This document discusses numerical analysis of lift and drag performance for a NACA0012 wind turbine airfoil. Two airfoil models were analyzed: one with a regular surface and another with circular dimples added to the upper surface. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to calculate the coefficient of lift and drag at various angles of attack. The results showed that adding dimples to the upper surface increased the lift to drag ratio compared to the regular airfoil surface, indicating improved aerodynamic performance from controlling flow separation with the dimples.
Composite propeller performance monitoring with embedded fb gsPhuong Dx
Fiber Bragg grating sensors were embedded in composite propeller blades to monitor strains during testing. Five sensors were placed on the suction side of each blade based on predicted strains from modeling. During tests in a water tunnel, the sensors measured dynamic strains from the propeller operating behind a wake screen at various thrust levels. Preliminary analysis showed mean strains scaled with load while fluctuations increased as load decreased. Detailed interpretation of results awaits modeling comparisons. Embedding the sensors demonstrated the ability to monitor composite structures under real operating conditions.
IRJET- A Literature Review on Wideband Microstrip Patch Antennas using Multip...IRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on designs of wideband microstrip patch antennas using multiple stacked elements. It summarizes several journal articles that propose different stacked configurations to improve bandwidth, including a stacked rectangular patch antenna that achieves 11% bandwidth, a three-element stacked patch with 10% impedance bandwidth and 8.5% axial ratio bandwidth, and a circularly polarized stacked patch with C-type feed that achieves 21% return loss bandwidth and 13.5% axial ratio bandwidth. It also reviews a probe-fed stacked patch with U-slot and E-shaped parasitic patch that achieves a bandwidth of 59.7%. The document concludes that stacked patch antenna designs can provide broad bandwidths suitable for wireless applications like radar and communications
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the aerodynamic design of wind turbine blades using winglets. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to model and analyze a scaled wind turbine model with and without winglets. The results showed that adding winglets to the blades reduced drag and increased lift, leading to a 1.3% increase in power production. Pointing the winglets downstream further improved performance. In conclusion, winglets show potential for improving blade efficiency but their effects on increased thrust must also be considered.
IRJET- Development of High-Lift Laminar Wing using Steady Active Flow ControlIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated using active flow control (AFC) to develop a high-lift laminar wing. AFC was tested from different slot locations at varying momentum coefficients to determine its effect on lift and drag. The most effective case used unequal blowing from the leading and trailing edge slots, increasing lift by 31-43% compared to the baseline wing without AFC. However, these lift increases were lower than other studies. Pressure distributions showed that AFC helped reenergize the boundary layer and prevent flow separation at higher angles of attack. While encouraging, further investigation is needed to fully realize the potential of AFC for improving the high-lift capability of laminar wings.
This document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study comparing the aerodynamic performance of a bio-inspired corrugated dragonfly wing aerofoil to conventional flat plate and NACA airfoils. CFD simulations were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 20,000-100,000 and angles of attack from 0-25 degrees. Results showed that the corrugated aerofoil had improved aerodynamic performance over the other airfoils, with a higher stall angle and increased lift. This is due to the corrugations reducing flow separation. The corrugated aerofoil design could potentially be incorporated into micro air vehicles (MAVs) to enhance their aerodynamic performance.
A Study of Wind Turbine Blade Power Enhancement Using Aerodynamic Properties IJMER
Technological advancements have improvised them over time. In this paper we shall glance at
the features. Wind energy is the most popular renewable energy. In order to increase the use of wind
energy, it is important to develop wind turbine rotor models with high rotation rates and power
coefficients. These elemental forces are summed along the span of the blade to calculate the total forces
and moments exerted on the turbine. This study aimed at manufacturing highly efficient wind turbine
rotor models using NACA profiles.
IRJET- Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Open-Circuit Subsonic Wind Tunnel...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comprehensive review of the design, manufacturing, and testing of open-circuit subsonic wind tunnels. It discusses key components like the test section, contraction cone, diffuser, and drive system. For the settling chamber and honeycomb structure, the document recommends a length 5-10 times the diameter to reduce lateral turbulence, and notes hexagonal cells have the lowest pressure drop. It states the contraction ratio should be between 7-12 for optimum performance to eliminate axial flow fluctuations. The document also categorizes wind tunnels as open-circuit or closed-circuit, and describes classifications based on airflow speed like subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic.
IRJET- CFD Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade for Low Wind SpeedIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the aerodynamic performance of six-bladed wind turbine blades designed for low wind speeds using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study used ANSYS Fluent software to model the flow around blades designed with different airfoil profiles at a hub height wind speed of 3 m/s. The parameters analyzed included lift, drag, coefficient of lift and drag, and lift to drag ratio. The results were validated according to IEC wind turbine standards. The goal was to design blades that can optimize power production at low wind velocities for small-scale wind turbine applications.
Design of Experiments and Optimization of Grouted Connections of Wind Turbine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the design of experiments and optimization of grouted connections in steel monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. The paper analyzes monopile foundations both with and without shear keys using finite element analysis in ANSYS. Key findings from the analysis include:
1) Boundary conditions were applied with a vertical load of 3528000N on the grout for monopiles both with and without shear keys.
2) A design of experiments approach was used to determine the effect of varying parameters on response variables. Sensitivity charts, histograms, and correlation matrices were used to analyze results.
3) Preliminary results showed preferable stresses for monopiles with shear keys compared to those without.
Numerical Investigation Of Compression Performance Of Different Blade Configu...IJERA Editor
This project work is to investigate the compression efficiency of different configuration of Turbo-Prop Co-Rotor Blade System of Subsonic Axial Flow Compressor. By this method the highly compressed air can be passed over the intake of the engine to the compressor with high mass flow rate in change of low velocity and high pressure ratio. The length of the small rotor is varied in terms of large rotor length by 25,50 & 75% . Each will have three space configuration in terms of diameter of rotor and in the percentage of 5,10,15%. A total of 12 configurations will be simulated to arrive optimum blade configuration. The blades are made in the shape of an airfoil like wing of an aircraft. The engine rotates the propeller blades, which produce lift. This lift is called thrust and moves the aircraft forward. Blades are usually made of high lift airfoil which allows more rotation to generate high pressure for engine. ANSYS- Fluent is commercial software which is robust for most of the fluid dynamic problems and it is used in this project work to evaluate the different configurations of co-rotor propeller system to arrive the best.
This project work is to investigate the compression efficiency of different configuration of Turbo-Prop Co-Rotor Blade System of Subsonic Axial Flow Compressor. By this method the highly compressed air can be passed over the intake of the engine to the compressor with high mass flow rate in change of low velocity and high pressure ratio. The length of the small rotor is varied in terms of large rotor length by 25,50 & 75% . Each will have three space configuration in terms of diameter of rotor and in the percentage of 5,10,15%. A total of 12 configurations will be simulated to arrive optimum blade configuration. The blades are made in the shape of an airfoil like wing of an aircraft. The engine rotates the propeller blades, which produce lift. This lift is called thrust and moves the aircraft forward. Blades are usually made of high lift airfoil which allows more rotation to generate high pressure for engine. ANSYS- Fluent is commercial software which is robust for most of the fluid dynamic problems and it is used in this project work to evaluate the different configurations of co-rotor propeller system to arrive the best.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Buckling and Wind Analysis by Changing Differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed steel roof trusses with different parameters (span, slope, and spacing) using buckling and wind load analysis in ETABS software. The objectives were to determine the most economical and lightweight design. Trusses with shorter spans, steeper slopes, and closer spacing had lower weights, costs, and demand capacity ratios. Buckling analysis produced more conservative column designs than wind analysis. The study aims to provide guidance on optimizing truss design for industries requiring large clear spans.
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the modal, fatigue, and fracture analysis of a wing fuselage lug joint bracket for a transport aircraft. Finite element analysis was conducted in ANSYS to determine the modal frequencies and stress distributions. The first six natural frequencies were identified. Fatigue analysis using the Goodman diagram estimated the fatigue life to be 1 million cycles, qualifying it as a high cycle fatigue case. Fracture mechanics analysis identified maximum stresses near rivet holes and predicted crack initiation. The finite element analysis results for stresses, frequencies, and fatigue life were validated using analytical methods. The study aimed to understand the dynamic behavior and improve the structural integrity of the wing attachment point.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of an Open Circuit Subsonic Wind Tunnel for Edu...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a low-cost subsonic wind tunnel for educational purposes. Key aspects include:
1) The wind tunnel was designed and built by students and a professor to support fluid mechanics experiments at their university on a limited budget.
2) Design considerations included achieving a test section air speed over 10m/s, compact size, ease of use, and longevity.
3) Components like the contraction cone, diffuser, test section, and flow conditioner were designed and fabricated based on guidelines from literature.
4) Experimental testing showed average air speeds in the test section of 12.9m/s, with variations within 1m/s. CFD simulation
Similar to IRJET- Effect of Tubercles on Aerodynamic Performance of NACA 0015 (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant CoefficientsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses methods for finding the solutions to linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines such an equation and explains that the complete solution is the combination of the complementary function (C.F.) and particular integral (P.I.).
2) Various methods are presented for determining the C.F. depending on whether the roots of the auxiliary equation are real, imaginary, repeated, etc.
3) Rules are provided for obtaining the P.I. based on the type of function involved (exponential, trigonometric, power, etc.). Examples are worked through to demonstrate the full solution process.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.