This document proposes an earthquake hazard mitigation program for Iraq to help reduce earthquake risks and losses. The program has six main components: 1) research on seismic zoning and microzoning, 2) research on seismic safety of structures, 3) updating building codes, 4) education and training, 5) risk assessment and reduction, and 6) increasing public awareness. Currently, Iraq has limited earthquake monitoring capabilities, weak enforcement of engineering practices, low public awareness and political will, and few research laboratories and trained experts. The proposed program aims to address these issues through strengthened research, education, code updates, and public awareness campaigns to work towards a seismically safer Iraq.
IRJET- Earthquake Hazard Mitigation in Iraq: Recommendations to Decision ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an earthquake hazard mitigation program for Iraq. It begins with background on a 2017 earthquake that caused significant damage in Iraq. It then outlines the goals of establishing a comprehensive mitigation program, including increasing scientific knowledge, reducing risk to constructions, raising public awareness, and planning post-earthquake actions. The proposed program has six main components: seismic research, structural safety research, updating building codes, education and training, risk assessment, and public awareness campaigns. Implementation would require cooperation across institutions in Iraq and aims to make the country more seismically safe over time.
IRJET - Earthquake Vulnerability Mapping of AfghanistanIRJET Journal
This study developed a GIS methodology to assess earthquake vulnerability in Afghanistan. The researchers created maps of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity (the three components of vulnerability) and overlaid them to produce a final vulnerability map. The analysis found that northern and northeastern areas are most vulnerable. The map and data can help identify vulnerable provinces and inform efforts to reduce earthquake impacts through preparedness and building codes.
This document summarizes the hazard component of the Caribbean and Central America Risk Assessment (CCARA) project. The hazard component aims to collect and homogenize earthquake data and develop a new probabilistic seismic hazard model for the region. Key aspects summarized include compiling catalogues of earthquake data, developing an active fault database, creating a ground motion database, developing source models for shallow and subduction seismicity, and selecting appropriate ground motion models. The new hazard model will provide a synthesis of current scientific knowledge on earthquake hazards in the region.
This presentation outlines the issues in K@ NPP siting at Karachi ,gives an account of international guidelines and practices in NPP siting and proposes solution.
IRJET- Analysis of Irregular Structure under Linear Time HistoryIRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of the response of irregular structures under linear time history ground motions. The study examines the effects of low, mid, and high frequency ground motion contents on reinforced concrete buildings. Linear time history analyses are performed using ETABS 2016 software on regular and irregular building models. Results for each building model are compared based on story displacement, velocity, acceleration, and base shear in response to Bhuj, India and El Centro, United States earthquake records. The results show that low frequency ground motions have a more significant effect on building response than high frequency motions. Irregular buildings also exhibited less satisfactory performance than regular structures.
The document discusses modifications to the project components, schedule, and implementation approach for the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. It provides background on previous risk assessments and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. It then compares the results of the previous 2002 risk assessment to the damage from the 2015 earthquake, finding that updating data and methods could improve accuracy. The document also discusses adapting targets from the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
IRJET- Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS)IRJET Journal
This document discusses earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) that use wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things technologies. It describes how EEWS work by detecting P-waves from earthquakes using seismometers and transmitting data over wireless networks to analyze the event and issue alerts. It also discusses several existing low-cost EEWS like BRINCO, BRCK, Grillo, and MyShake that use smartphone sensors and apps to detect quakes and alert users. Finally, it briefly outlines the EEWS used in Japan by the Japan Meteorological Agency to rapidly issue warnings via various communication channels after an earthquake is detected.
Strengthening National Regulatory Capabilities InCountries Embarking On New C...theijes
The mainobjective of this paper is to highlight the lessons learned to date from the Fukushima Daiichi accident that are relevant to strengthening the effectiveness of national regulatory bodies. The paper is focusing and spot lights on the processes and activities undertaken in Egypt for strengthening the nuclear and radiological regulatory effectiveness in the light of the lessonslearned from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.Among other Arab countries, Egypt is considered as a newcomer country planning to introduce NPPs for electricity generation. One of the apparent actions taken in Egypt, to improve its nuclear safety management and regulatory system, is the activation and re-organizing its newly developed and independent nuclear regulatory body, the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulation Authority (ENRRA), which is assigned directly to the prime minister. Bythe end of the year 2011, the executive regulatory requirements for nuclear and radiological activities got into force to direct the processes of learning and acting upon lessons to strengthen nuclear safety, emergency preparedness and radiation protection of people and the environment in Egypt. A complete reorganizing process for ENNRA has been initiated by the separation between the research and the regulatory sectors. Additional activation processes have been achieved to strengthen the practical capabilities of the regulatory sector with emphasis to human resources capacity building, accident management, and on-site and off-site emergency management. Review and assessment as well as regulatory inspection committees in the ENRRA have been activated for the enforcement processes regarding research reactors, fuel manufacturing pilot plant and other radiological activities in the country to update and improve their safety requirements, guides and emergency plans according to the lessons learned after Fukushima accident.
IRJET- Earthquake Hazard Mitigation in Iraq: Recommendations to Decision ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an earthquake hazard mitigation program for Iraq. It begins with background on a 2017 earthquake that caused significant damage in Iraq. It then outlines the goals of establishing a comprehensive mitigation program, including increasing scientific knowledge, reducing risk to constructions, raising public awareness, and planning post-earthquake actions. The proposed program has six main components: seismic research, structural safety research, updating building codes, education and training, risk assessment, and public awareness campaigns. Implementation would require cooperation across institutions in Iraq and aims to make the country more seismically safe over time.
IRJET - Earthquake Vulnerability Mapping of AfghanistanIRJET Journal
This study developed a GIS methodology to assess earthquake vulnerability in Afghanistan. The researchers created maps of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity (the three components of vulnerability) and overlaid them to produce a final vulnerability map. The analysis found that northern and northeastern areas are most vulnerable. The map and data can help identify vulnerable provinces and inform efforts to reduce earthquake impacts through preparedness and building codes.
This document summarizes the hazard component of the Caribbean and Central America Risk Assessment (CCARA) project. The hazard component aims to collect and homogenize earthquake data and develop a new probabilistic seismic hazard model for the region. Key aspects summarized include compiling catalogues of earthquake data, developing an active fault database, creating a ground motion database, developing source models for shallow and subduction seismicity, and selecting appropriate ground motion models. The new hazard model will provide a synthesis of current scientific knowledge on earthquake hazards in the region.
This presentation outlines the issues in K@ NPP siting at Karachi ,gives an account of international guidelines and practices in NPP siting and proposes solution.
IRJET- Analysis of Irregular Structure under Linear Time HistoryIRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of the response of irregular structures under linear time history ground motions. The study examines the effects of low, mid, and high frequency ground motion contents on reinforced concrete buildings. Linear time history analyses are performed using ETABS 2016 software on regular and irregular building models. Results for each building model are compared based on story displacement, velocity, acceleration, and base shear in response to Bhuj, India and El Centro, United States earthquake records. The results show that low frequency ground motions have a more significant effect on building response than high frequency motions. Irregular buildings also exhibited less satisfactory performance than regular structures.
The document discusses modifications to the project components, schedule, and implementation approach for the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. It provides background on previous risk assessments and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. It then compares the results of the previous 2002 risk assessment to the damage from the 2015 earthquake, finding that updating data and methods could improve accuracy. The document also discusses adapting targets from the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
IRJET- Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS)IRJET Journal
This document discusses earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) that use wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things technologies. It describes how EEWS work by detecting P-waves from earthquakes using seismometers and transmitting data over wireless networks to analyze the event and issue alerts. It also discusses several existing low-cost EEWS like BRINCO, BRCK, Grillo, and MyShake that use smartphone sensors and apps to detect quakes and alert users. Finally, it briefly outlines the EEWS used in Japan by the Japan Meteorological Agency to rapidly issue warnings via various communication channels after an earthquake is detected.
Strengthening National Regulatory Capabilities InCountries Embarking On New C...theijes
The mainobjective of this paper is to highlight the lessons learned to date from the Fukushima Daiichi accident that are relevant to strengthening the effectiveness of national regulatory bodies. The paper is focusing and spot lights on the processes and activities undertaken in Egypt for strengthening the nuclear and radiological regulatory effectiveness in the light of the lessonslearned from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.Among other Arab countries, Egypt is considered as a newcomer country planning to introduce NPPs for electricity generation. One of the apparent actions taken in Egypt, to improve its nuclear safety management and regulatory system, is the activation and re-organizing its newly developed and independent nuclear regulatory body, the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulation Authority (ENRRA), which is assigned directly to the prime minister. Bythe end of the year 2011, the executive regulatory requirements for nuclear and radiological activities got into force to direct the processes of learning and acting upon lessons to strengthen nuclear safety, emergency preparedness and radiation protection of people and the environment in Egypt. A complete reorganizing process for ENNRA has been initiated by the separation between the research and the regulatory sectors. Additional activation processes have been achieved to strengthen the practical capabilities of the regulatory sector with emphasis to human resources capacity building, accident management, and on-site and off-site emergency management. Review and assessment as well as regulatory inspection committees in the ENRRA have been activated for the enforcement processes regarding research reactors, fuel manufacturing pilot plant and other radiological activities in the country to update and improve their safety requirements, guides and emergency plans according to the lessons learned after Fukushima accident.
IRJET- Development Control Regulation Strategies for Disaster Management- Cas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on development control regulation strategies for disaster management in Visakhapatnam, India. It discusses how natural disasters like cyclones can significantly impact economic development by causing loss of life, infrastructure damage, and interrupting services. The study focuses on assessing land use regulations and development control policies in relation to disaster management. It uses the 2014 Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam as a case study. The study aims to recommend policy changes to residential and commercial building guidelines to reduce wind tunnel effects and cyclone damage.
This document summarizes a study on assessing the seismic vulnerability of residential buildings in Agartala, India using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method. It provides background on Agartala's high seismic risk and growing population/development. The objectives are to assess vulnerability of residential buildings using RVS and predict expected damage grades. The methodology section describes using the RVS procedure from FEMA 154 to conduct visual evaluations of buildings and assign preliminary damage grades. Key factors affecting seismic vulnerability are identified as building structure, height, irregularities, quality, soil conditions, and structural issues like framing, diaphragms, overhangs and columns.
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN AGARTALA CITY US...shankar kumar
This document outlines a methodology for conducting a seismic vulnerability assessment of residential buildings in Agartala City, India using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method. The objectives are to assess seismic vulnerability of residential buildings in Agartala City using the RVS method from FEMA 154 (2015) and to predict expected damage grades from future earthquakes. The methodology involves conducting RVS, which involves visually inspecting buildings to identify seismic deficiencies and assigning scores to determine likely damage from earthquakes. The RVS will screen buildings and identify those requiring more detailed analysis.
IRJET- Seismic Forces on Transmission Line TowerIRJET Journal
This document analyzes seismic forces on transmission line towers located in different earthquake zones and soil conditions. It summarizes the analysis of cross braced and diagonally braced transmission line towers using STAAD Pro software. The towers are 35m high with a square base and located in Zone III and IV seismic zones on hard, medium, and soft soils. The analysis considers dead loads, wind loads, and earthquake loads. Results are presented for member forces and support reactions for different load combinations. The maximum axial forces, moments and reactions are compared for the different tower designs, soil types, and seismic zones considered in the study.
This document discusses the use of satellite remote sensing for natural hazard assessment and disaster management. It begins with an introduction to natural hazards and disasters, providing statistics that show floods are the most common type of disaster. It then discusses the disaster management cycle and gives an overview of remote sensing technology. The main role of remote sensing is to support hazard assessment, damage estimation, predictive modeling of catastrophic events, and determining hazardous areas. The document then provides a specific case study of using satellite imagery to map 2010 floods in Pakistan, identifying inundated areas and tracking the movement of floods over time to help relief efforts.
The document discusses challenges in implementing earthquake disaster reduction programs. While knowledge and programs have increased, vulnerability has not been significantly reduced. Exposure to risk has grown due to increasing population and development. In developing countries especially, proper knowledge and technologies have not reached non-specialized builders. To promote safer construction, the evolution of local building practices must be understood. Confined masonry, which reinforces masonry, has proven effective at reducing earthquake damage when adopted as a low-technology approach suited to local practices. Overall, simplified and robust structural systems tailored to typical construction are needed.
An Overview of Advanced Techniques Used in Disaster ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of advanced techniques and information and communication technologies (ICT) in disaster management. It first reviews the disaster management cycle and various types of natural disasters that occur in India. It then examines how ICT tools like the internet, GIS, and satellite communication can be applied at different stages of disaster management, including risk assessment, early warning systems, response coordination, and reconstruction. Specifically, technologies like Web 2.0 and social media are highlighted for their potential in disaster response. The document concludes by recommending the development of e-government infrastructure to better support various ICT-enabled disaster management activities.
Global Earthquake Model brochure (products released on 12 Oct. 2020)Simone Aliprandi
Understanding Earthquake Risk. A brochure with an overview of the products (maps, models, software and datasets) released by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation on 12 October 2020.
Here you can find the products repository for the donwload: https://www.globalquakemodel.org/products.
IRJET-Investigation of Landslides and its Effects on KothagiriIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation of landslides and their effects on Kothagiri in India. The investigation utilized remote sensing techniques like IKONOS satellite imagery and GIS mapping to identify and analyze landslides in the area. Field investigations were also conducted to study the geological features of landslides and recommend countermeasures. Different types of landslides were identified and their causes like geological, morphological, and human factors were examined. The methodology involved preparing detailed maps from remote sensing data, conducting field surveys, hazard mapping of landslides, and developing guidelines for roadside slope inspection and maintenance. The conclusions highlighted the role of remote sensing and GIS in landslide mapping and how a combination of these techniques can help landslide risk assessment.
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management is a step to make construction projects more efficient and practical such that
uncertainties should be identified before occurring and changing into crisis and a balance should be made
between threats and opportunities. Accordingly, construction industry is one of the most important and job
creating industries in all countries. Compared to other economic-industrial sectors, construction management is
highly influenced by the perception and employment of risk management concept. Additionally, there are
abundant risks in such activities since Construction projects activities are very complex and various. Hence, it
seems necessary to evaluate the proper use of risk management in various stages of Construction projects life
cycle. In this regard, the present study attempts to describe Construction projects life cycle step by step and
analyse the way of using risk management from designing stage to reviewing and supporting stage. The risk
management framework for construction projects can be improved by combining qualitative and quantitative
methodologies to risk analysis. The research work includes visiting and inspecting various construction sites,
analysing the field, collection of data, interpretation of data; using matrix method of risk calculation calculating
risk and providing effective measures to overcome it.
NEUSSNER-Risk maps for the support of reconstruction after Typhoon Haiyan-ID1...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
This document provides an overview and progress update of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The project aims to assess seismic hazard and risk in the Kathmandu Valley based on scenario earthquakes, and develop disaster risk reduction plans. Main activities include seismic hazard assessment, risk assessment of buildings and infrastructure, and developing recovery plans for 3 pilot municipalities. The risk assessment will estimate potential damage from scenario earthquakes in 2016 and 2030. Outcomes will help stakeholders in Nepal reduce earthquake damages through informed policymaking and planning.
URBAN FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP OF CHENNAI - GIS AND RANDOM FOREST METHODIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that created an urban flood susceptibility map of Chennai, India using GIS and the random forest machine learning method. Eleven factors like elevation, land use, rainfall, and distance from rivers were used as inputs to the random forest model. 300 historic flood locations and 300 non-flood locations were collected and used to train and test the model. The random forest model achieved 95.5% accuracy in predicting flood locations. The output was used to classify the study area into low and high flood susceptibility zones to assist with flood management and mitigation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Probabilstic seismic risk evaluation of rc buildings eSAT Journals
Abstract As more and more emphasis is being laid on non-linear analysis of RC framed structures subjected to earthquake excitation, the research and development on both non-linear static (pushover) analysis as well as nonlinear dynamic (time history)analysis is in the forefront. Due to prohibitive computational time and efforts required to perform a complete nonlinear dynamic analysis, researchers and designers all over the world are showing keen interest in non-linear static pushover analysis. The paper considers two statistical random variables namely characteristic strength of concrete (fck) and yield strength of steel (fy) as uncertainties in strength. Using Monte Carlo simulation 100 samples of each of random variable were generated to quantify effect of uncertainties on prediction of capacity of structure. Based on these generated samples different models were created and static pushover analysis was performed on RC (Reinforced Concrete) Building using SAP2000. Lastly, the main objective of this article is to propose a simplified methodology to assess the expected seismic damage in reinforced concrete buildings from a probabilistic point of view by using Monte Carlo simulation and probability of various damage states were evaluated. Index Terms: Seismic Vulnerability, Probabilistic Seismic Risk Evaluation, Fragility Analysis and Pushover Analysis
IRJET - A Planning Proposal of Fire Station in South-West Zone, Surat CityIRJET Journal
1) The document presents a planning proposal for a new fire station in the South-West zone of Surat city, India to improve fire safety.
2) It analyzes the existing social infrastructure, including the current number and locations of fire stations, in the South-West zone and finds a gap according to guidelines.
3) The proposal aims to assess needs, identify locations for a new fire station to fill the gap, and prepare a planning proposal to improve fire safety in the area.
Investments in Italy to improve the resilience of infrastructural systems for...OECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
M. Dolce,
Director General - Italian Civil Protection Department, Rome
Professor of Structural Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document presents the results of a study measuring gamma radiation dose rates across 23 locations within the Idu Industrial Area of Abuja, Nigeria. The average equivalent dose rates ranged from 0.106 to 0.139 microsieverts per hour (μSv/h). The mean across all locations was 0.117 ± 0.006 μSv/h, below the standard background rate of 0.133 μSv/h. The average annual effective dose was calculated to be 0.205 ± 0.017 millisieverts per year (mSv/y), below the recommended public limit of 1 mSv/yr. The study found that radiation levels in the industrial area posed no significant health risks.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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An Overview of Advanced Techniques Used in Disaster ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of advanced techniques and information and communication technologies (ICT) in disaster management. It first reviews the disaster management cycle and various types of natural disasters that occur in India. It then examines how ICT tools like the internet, GIS, and satellite communication can be applied at different stages of disaster management, including risk assessment, early warning systems, response coordination, and reconstruction. Specifically, technologies like Web 2.0 and social media are highlighted for their potential in disaster response. The document concludes by recommending the development of e-government infrastructure to better support various ICT-enabled disaster management activities.
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Understanding Earthquake Risk. A brochure with an overview of the products (maps, models, software and datasets) released by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation on 12 October 2020.
Here you can find the products repository for the donwload: https://www.globalquakemodel.org/products.
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EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management is a step to make construction projects more efficient and practical such that
uncertainties should be identified before occurring and changing into crisis and a balance should be made
between threats and opportunities. Accordingly, construction industry is one of the most important and job
creating industries in all countries. Compared to other economic-industrial sectors, construction management is
highly influenced by the perception and employment of risk management concept. Additionally, there are
abundant risks in such activities since Construction projects activities are very complex and various. Hence, it
seems necessary to evaluate the proper use of risk management in various stages of Construction projects life
cycle. In this regard, the present study attempts to describe Construction projects life cycle step by step and
analyse the way of using risk management from designing stage to reviewing and supporting stage. The risk
management framework for construction projects can be improved by combining qualitative and quantitative
methodologies to risk analysis. The research work includes visiting and inspecting various construction sites,
analysing the field, collection of data, interpretation of data; using matrix method of risk calculation calculating
risk and providing effective measures to overcome it.
NEUSSNER-Risk maps for the support of reconstruction after Typhoon Haiyan-ID1...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
This document provides an overview and progress update of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The project aims to assess seismic hazard and risk in the Kathmandu Valley based on scenario earthquakes, and develop disaster risk reduction plans. Main activities include seismic hazard assessment, risk assessment of buildings and infrastructure, and developing recovery plans for 3 pilot municipalities. The risk assessment will estimate potential damage from scenario earthquakes in 2016 and 2030. Outcomes will help stakeholders in Nepal reduce earthquake damages through informed policymaking and planning.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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2) It analyzes the existing social infrastructure, including the current number and locations of fire stations, in the South-West zone and finds a gap according to guidelines.
3) The proposal aims to assess needs, identify locations for a new fire station to fill the gap, and prepare a planning proposal to improve fire safety in the area.
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Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
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The document presents the results of a study measuring gamma radiation dose rates across 23 locations within the Idu Industrial Area of Abuja, Nigeria. The average equivalent dose rates ranged from 0.106 to 0.139 microsieverts per hour (μSv/h). The mean across all locations was 0.117 ± 0.006 μSv/h, below the standard background rate of 0.133 μSv/h. The average annual effective dose was calculated to be 0.205 ± 0.017 millisieverts per year (mSv/y), below the recommended public limit of 1 mSv/yr. The study found that radiation levels in the industrial area posed no significant health risks.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.