This document summarizes a study on using turmeric to inhibit corrosion of petroleum drilling equipment exposed to acidic environments. Mild steel samples were immersed in 0.1M hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solutions both with and without turmeric for one month. Visual observation, weight loss measurements, and SEM analysis were used to analyze corrosion. Results showed turmeric reduced corrosion in both acid solutions as indicated by less visible corrosion, lower weight loss, and smoother steel surfaces compared to acid solutions without turmeric. This suggests turmeric has potential as a natural corrosion inhibitor that could help maintain drilling equipment integrity in acidic downhole conditions.
Studies on Corrosion Characteristics of Carbon Steel Exposed to Na2CO3, Na2SO...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Urea fertilizer was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for reinforced steel in simulated concrete pore solution containing chloride ions. Open circuit potential measurements showed that steel samples immersed in solutions with urea moved to a more positive potential compared to the control, indicating urea forms a protective film. Polarization tests after 2 hours showed corrosion current and rate decreased with urea, with 0.5% urea providing 85.5% inhibition efficiency. After 7 days, 0.5% urea still gave the highest inhibition at 86.15%, though performance dropped at 1% concentration, suggesting an optimal amount is required. Urea was found to be an effective corrosion inhibitor for reinforced steel.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
The document discusses corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in chloride and sulfate solutions. It studies using a combination of dichromate, molybdate, and nitrite inhibitors to provide high corrosion inhibition. Testing involved immersing steel coupons in synthetic solutions with chloride and sulfate ions and measuring corrosion rates. Results found that a combination of 1 ppm sodium dichromate, 250 ppm sodium molybdate, and 50 ppm sodium nitrite provided the best corrosion inhibition while meeting environmental regulations. Further testing examined the effects of changing inhibitor concentrations and environmental parameters like chloride concentration, rotation speed, and pH. The inhibitor combination performed well except being sensitive to increases in sulfate concentration.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
- The document examines the corrosion behavior of API 5L X42 carbon steel samples immersed in sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solutions of different concentrations (0.5M and 1.0M) for 1008 hours.
- Experimental results showed the highest corrosion occurred in the 1.0M Na2CO3 solution, as this environment did not form a protective film on the steel samples. The next highest corrosion was in the 0.5M NaCl solution.
- Generally, corrosion rates were higher in environments like Na2CO3 that do not form protective oxide films, and increased with higher concentrations. Corrosion was lower in environments like NaCl that can form
REMOVAL OF IRON FROM WATER USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDEAhmed Hasham
The presence of iron is probably the most common water problem facing by consumers. So, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to remove iron (Fe2+) from water. Water with high content of Fe2+ (20 ppm of iron II) was prepared in the laboratory using Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), then treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of hydrogen peroxide as the final concentration in the solution for contact time 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-minute. Results showed that the average of removal ratio of Fe2+ was 85%-96% at the normal pH range of drinking water. The recommended dose of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 ppm as a final concentration for 20-minute contact time. The study proved that hydrogen peroxide successfully used for Iron II removal and consider as economic and eco-friendly solution.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
Studies on Corrosion Characteristics of Carbon Steel Exposed to Na2CO3, Na2SO...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Urea fertilizer was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for reinforced steel in simulated concrete pore solution containing chloride ions. Open circuit potential measurements showed that steel samples immersed in solutions with urea moved to a more positive potential compared to the control, indicating urea forms a protective film. Polarization tests after 2 hours showed corrosion current and rate decreased with urea, with 0.5% urea providing 85.5% inhibition efficiency. After 7 days, 0.5% urea still gave the highest inhibition at 86.15%, though performance dropped at 1% concentration, suggesting an optimal amount is required. Urea was found to be an effective corrosion inhibitor for reinforced steel.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
The document discusses corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in chloride and sulfate solutions. It studies using a combination of dichromate, molybdate, and nitrite inhibitors to provide high corrosion inhibition. Testing involved immersing steel coupons in synthetic solutions with chloride and sulfate ions and measuring corrosion rates. Results found that a combination of 1 ppm sodium dichromate, 250 ppm sodium molybdate, and 50 ppm sodium nitrite provided the best corrosion inhibition while meeting environmental regulations. Further testing examined the effects of changing inhibitor concentrations and environmental parameters like chloride concentration, rotation speed, and pH. The inhibitor combination performed well except being sensitive to increases in sulfate concentration.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
- The document examines the corrosion behavior of API 5L X42 carbon steel samples immersed in sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solutions of different concentrations (0.5M and 1.0M) for 1008 hours.
- Experimental results showed the highest corrosion occurred in the 1.0M Na2CO3 solution, as this environment did not form a protective film on the steel samples. The next highest corrosion was in the 0.5M NaCl solution.
- Generally, corrosion rates were higher in environments like Na2CO3 that do not form protective oxide films, and increased with higher concentrations. Corrosion was lower in environments like NaCl that can form
REMOVAL OF IRON FROM WATER USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDEAhmed Hasham
The presence of iron is probably the most common water problem facing by consumers. So, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to remove iron (Fe2+) from water. Water with high content of Fe2+ (20 ppm of iron II) was prepared in the laboratory using Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), then treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of hydrogen peroxide as the final concentration in the solution for contact time 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-minute. Results showed that the average of removal ratio of Fe2+ was 85%-96% at the normal pH range of drinking water. The recommended dose of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 ppm as a final concentration for 20-minute contact time. The study proved that hydrogen peroxide successfully used for Iron II removal and consider as economic and eco-friendly solution.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
The inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel...Premier Publishers
The document investigates the inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. Electrochemical measurements including polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicate that hydralazine hydrochloride acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both the anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. Maximum inhibition efficiency of around 72% was achieved. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the inhibitor is adsorbed onto the mild steel surface via chemisorption. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of a protective film on the steel surface when the inhibitor was present.
This document summarizes research on using activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon to remove Chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of parameters such as contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, interfering ions, and temperature on the adsorption process. The results showed that adsorption capacity increased with temperature, reached equilibrium within 40 minutes, and was most effective at low pH between 2-7. Kinetic and thermodynamic models indicated the adsorption was physical and endothermic in nature. Overall, the study demonstrated activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon to be an effective ad
The document evaluates the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in saline solutions using gluconate, zinc sulfate, and green clay eluate. Electrochemical measurements using the Tafel polarization technique show that sodium gluconate alone provides substantial corrosion inhibition in 0.5% NaCl solution, acting primarily through an anodic mechanism. However, pitting corrosion can still occur. The combination of gluconate and green clay eluate provides better inhibition of both general and localized corrosion at 84.9% efficiency. In 3.5% NaCl solution, which is more aggressive, 4g/L of gluconate alone inhibits 65.35% of corrosion. The addition of zinc sulfate or green clay eluate to gluconate mixtures provides further
This document summarizes a study on the effect of sulphuric acid in water on the strength of blended cement concrete. Concrete cubes were produced using mixing and curing water with varying concentrations of sulphuric acid from 100-900 mg/L. The compressive strengths at 28 and 90 days were evaluated and decreased with increasing acid concentration. Regression models were developed that can predict the compressive strength based on the sulphuric acid concentration in water. The setting times of the blended cement also increased significantly with concentrations over 300 mg/L. In conclusion, higher sulphuric acid concentrations in water were found to reduce the strength of blended cement concrete.
INFLUENCE OF VARYING H2S CONCENTRATIONS AND HUMIDITY LEVELS ON ImAg AND OSP...IAEME Publication
Corrosion impacts electronic systems by attacking boards or individual components. Of particular concern is corrosion of the metallization on printed wiring board assemblies due to attack from sulfur-containing species, most notably sulfurous gases. Sulfurous gases are emitted by a diverse range of processes, ranging from paper and pulp bleaching to the warming of clay used in industrial modeling facilities. However, the impact of varying sulfur concentrations and humidity levels on corrosion needs further examination.
This paper presents an experimental result on the behavior of fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete exposed to 5% sulphate solutions for 3.5 months of G30 and G50 which are equivalent to M30 and M50 grades respectively. The test specimens were cast and after one day rest period, half of the specimens were cured in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours and the remaining period cured in sun light until the testing is done and remaining half of the specimens were ambient cured. After 28 days the specimens were immersed in sulphates such as Na2SO4 and MgSO4 for 15, 45, 75 and 105 days then tested on 15th, 45th, 75th and 105th day according to codal procedures and the results are compared with the controlled concrete. From the test results, it is observed that the geopolymer concrete has better resistance to sulphates attack than controlled concrete.
This document examines the reactivity of cement combinations containing Portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin by investigating their calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) consumption. Various binary and ternary cement pastes were tested at ages of 28, 90, and 180 days. The results show that silica fume consumed the most Ca(OH)2, followed by metakaolin, then fly ash. Ca(OH)2 consumption increased with age and addition content up to certain limits. Combinations with finer pozzolans like silica fume and metakaolin showed higher reactivity, especially at early ages.
The document discusses the use of alkali-activated slag and fly ash as environmentally friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. Alkali-activated slag concrete was made using sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide activators. Testing found that sodium hydroxide-activated slag concrete had the highest compressive strength, while potassium hydroxide-activated slag concrete was second best. Alkali-activated slag and fly ash concrete was also made and tested, with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide was found to produce the highest strengths. The use of these alkali-activated concretes could provide more sustainable alternatives to ordinary Portland cement concrete
UAE Rhazya Stricta Decne extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H...Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman
This document discusses the use of an extract from the UAE plant Rhazya Stricta Decne as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions. Weight loss experiments were conducted on mild steel specimens in 1M HCl with varying concentrations of the plant extract at temperatures from 303K to 343K. The results showed that the extract was a highly effective inhibitor, providing up to 90% corrosion inhibition at a concentration of 2g/L and 303K. Inhibition effectiveness decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting the inhibitor's mechanism of action involves physical adsorption on the steel surface. The extract shows potential as a low-cost, environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitor for industrial applications involving acidic environments.
1991_Sensitivity to Iron Impurity Content of Corrosion Rate of Mg-15Al_Cotton...James D. Cotton
The corrosion rates of extrusions produced from rapidly-solidified Mg-15wt%AI alloy powder containing varying levels of iron (Fe) impurity (0.003-0.020wt%) were studied. Trace amounts of Fe were found to have a strong exponential effect on the corrosion rate, consistent with previous studies. However, the sensitivity to Fe content was markedly lower for the rapidly-solidified alloys compared to conventionally-cast alloys. This effect is explained by the microstructural refinement produced by rapid solidification, which decreases the scale of microstructure and distributes corrosion more evenly. Both pitting and filiform corrosion were observed and characterized using various microscopy techniques.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the abrasion resistance of geopolymer concrete at varying temperatures. The paper prepared geopolymer concrete samples using fly ash as the source material and an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Samples were cured at 25°C, 60°C, and 80°C and tested for abrasion resistance at 5-25 minutes using a tile abrasion testing machine. Results showed that abrasion resistance increased with higher curing temperature, with samples cured at 80°C showing the highest resistance. The paper concluded that geopolymer concrete has good abrasion resistance properties and further research is needed on mixtures with higher alkaline liquid ratios.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MOLARITY OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR ON FLY ASH BASED CONCRETEUMESHCHAKRABORTY1
This document presents a study on the effect of different molarity of alkaline activator on fly ash based concrete. It includes an introduction to geopolymer concrete and its benefits over ordinary Portland cement concrete. The objectives are to study the compressive and tensile strengths of geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators of 8M, 10M and 12M molarity. The results show that both compressive and tensile strengths increase with curing age and molarity. Geopolymer concrete with 12M alkaline activator achieved the highest strengths. The conclusion is that fly ash concrete can replace cement while achieving similar or better strengths through the geopolymerization process.
The document summarizes a study on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M hydrochloric acid solution using an ethanol extract of Conyza Dicorides leaves. Weight loss and electrochemical polarization techniques were used to evaluate the inhibition efficiency at temperatures ranging from 25-65°C. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, reaching a maximum of 94.87% at 2g/L and 25°C. Inhibition efficiency decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting physical adsorption of inhibitor molecules. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that adsorption of the inhibitor onto the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium by Adsorption using low-cost Adsorbents and Ac...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on removing hexavalent chromium from water using low-cost adsorbents like rice husk silica, rice husk, and sawdust. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters like pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose on chromium removal. Column adsorption experiments studied the effects of flow rate and bed height. Results showed rice husk silica was the most effective adsorbent, removing 64.25% of chromium in batch tests and 98.08% in column tests with optimal conditions of lower flow rate and higher bed height. Column tests provided better removal than batch tests. Comparing to activated carbon, rice husk silica
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Vitamin C was investigated as a green inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 3% NaCl and 4% HCl solutions. The results showed that Vitamin C was a better inhibitor in HCl solution, achieving 70-80% efficiency that increased with higher concentrations. However, inhibitor efficiency decreased over time due to decomposition, dropping 24-50%. In NaCl solution, efficiency was lower at 38-52% and also decreased over time. Adsorption of Vitamin C to the steel surface followed Langmuir isotherm behavior. Overall, Vitamin C showed potential as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel but required maintenance of concentration levels over time.
A Study Of Corrosion Inhibition Efficacy Of Leaves Extract Of Solanum Xanthoc...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that investigated the corrosion inhibition efficacy of leaf extracts from Solanum xanthocarpum and Salvodera persica plants on aluminum and mild steel samples exposed to hydrochloric acid solutions. Weight loss and gasometric methods were used to determine corrosion rates and calculate inhibition efficiency of the plant extracts at different concentrations (0.2-0.8%). The leaves extracts acted as good corrosion inhibitors for both metals, with Salvodera persica extract showing maximum inhibition efficiency of 97.83% at 0.8% concentration for aluminum, and Solanum xanthocarpum extract exhibiting minimum efficiency of 26.26% at 0.2% concentration for mild steel.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
Evaluation of Performance of Geopolymer Concrete in Acid EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document evaluates the performance of geopolymer concrete and Portland cement concrete in acid environments. Specimens of both concretes were immersed in 2% sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions for periods of 28, 56, and 112 days. The weight change and compressive strength of the specimens were measured to analyze their resistance to acid attack. The results showed that geopolymer concrete exhibited higher resistance to both acids compared to Portland cement concrete, with lower weight loss and strength reduction when immersed. Geopolymer concrete therefore has potential for use in acid-prone environments where conventional concrete is vulnerable.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the adsorption of lead (Pb) from aqueous solution using modified beech sawdust. Some key findings include:
- Maximum Pb removal efficiency of 91.3% occurred at pH 5, while minimum efficiency of 28.04% occurred at pH 7. Maximum adsorption capacity was 0.3841 mg/g.
- As the initial Pb concentration increased from 1 to 7 mg/L, removal efficiency decreased from 91.3% to 33.88%. Increasing adsorbent dose from 2 to 8 g/L improved removal efficiency from 50% to 97.3%.
- Removal efficiency had a decreasing trend after equilibrium was reached
IRJET- The Production of an All-Waste Steel Slag Alkali Activated ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document describes research into producing an all-waste concrete made entirely from steel slag. Six concrete mixes were prepared using different ratios of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and alkali activators like sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Compressive strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days and compared to a control mix made with ordinary Portland cement and natural aggregates. The optimum all-waste concrete mix achieved a compressive strength around 30% higher than the control mix, indicating steel slag concrete could be a viable alternative to traditional concrete.
Screening and extraction of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage s...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated screening and extracting heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using citric acid. The study characterized the sewage sludge and found heavy metal concentrations of copper, lead, nickel and zinc to be above regulatory standards. It then used a full factorial experimental design to study the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and extraction time on removing the heavy metals. Lead removal was highest at 99.9%, followed by nickel, copper and zinc. Statistical analysis found extraction time and hydrogen peroxide dosage to most significantly impact heavy metal removal efficiency.
The inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel...Premier Publishers
The document investigates the inhibition effect of hydralazine hydrochloride on corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. Electrochemical measurements including polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicate that hydralazine hydrochloride acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both the anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. Maximum inhibition efficiency of around 72% was achieved. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the inhibitor is adsorbed onto the mild steel surface via chemisorption. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of a protective film on the steel surface when the inhibitor was present.
This document summarizes research on using activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon to remove Chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of parameters such as contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, interfering ions, and temperature on the adsorption process. The results showed that adsorption capacity increased with temperature, reached equilibrium within 40 minutes, and was most effective at low pH between 2-7. Kinetic and thermodynamic models indicated the adsorption was physical and endothermic in nature. Overall, the study demonstrated activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon to be an effective ad
The document evaluates the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in saline solutions using gluconate, zinc sulfate, and green clay eluate. Electrochemical measurements using the Tafel polarization technique show that sodium gluconate alone provides substantial corrosion inhibition in 0.5% NaCl solution, acting primarily through an anodic mechanism. However, pitting corrosion can still occur. The combination of gluconate and green clay eluate provides better inhibition of both general and localized corrosion at 84.9% efficiency. In 3.5% NaCl solution, which is more aggressive, 4g/L of gluconate alone inhibits 65.35% of corrosion. The addition of zinc sulfate or green clay eluate to gluconate mixtures provides further
This document summarizes a study on the effect of sulphuric acid in water on the strength of blended cement concrete. Concrete cubes were produced using mixing and curing water with varying concentrations of sulphuric acid from 100-900 mg/L. The compressive strengths at 28 and 90 days were evaluated and decreased with increasing acid concentration. Regression models were developed that can predict the compressive strength based on the sulphuric acid concentration in water. The setting times of the blended cement also increased significantly with concentrations over 300 mg/L. In conclusion, higher sulphuric acid concentrations in water were found to reduce the strength of blended cement concrete.
INFLUENCE OF VARYING H2S CONCENTRATIONS AND HUMIDITY LEVELS ON ImAg AND OSP...IAEME Publication
Corrosion impacts electronic systems by attacking boards or individual components. Of particular concern is corrosion of the metallization on printed wiring board assemblies due to attack from sulfur-containing species, most notably sulfurous gases. Sulfurous gases are emitted by a diverse range of processes, ranging from paper and pulp bleaching to the warming of clay used in industrial modeling facilities. However, the impact of varying sulfur concentrations and humidity levels on corrosion needs further examination.
This paper presents an experimental result on the behavior of fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete exposed to 5% sulphate solutions for 3.5 months of G30 and G50 which are equivalent to M30 and M50 grades respectively. The test specimens were cast and after one day rest period, half of the specimens were cured in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours and the remaining period cured in sun light until the testing is done and remaining half of the specimens were ambient cured. After 28 days the specimens were immersed in sulphates such as Na2SO4 and MgSO4 for 15, 45, 75 and 105 days then tested on 15th, 45th, 75th and 105th day according to codal procedures and the results are compared with the controlled concrete. From the test results, it is observed that the geopolymer concrete has better resistance to sulphates attack than controlled concrete.
This document examines the reactivity of cement combinations containing Portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin by investigating their calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) consumption. Various binary and ternary cement pastes were tested at ages of 28, 90, and 180 days. The results show that silica fume consumed the most Ca(OH)2, followed by metakaolin, then fly ash. Ca(OH)2 consumption increased with age and addition content up to certain limits. Combinations with finer pozzolans like silica fume and metakaolin showed higher reactivity, especially at early ages.
The document discusses the use of alkali-activated slag and fly ash as environmentally friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. Alkali-activated slag concrete was made using sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide activators. Testing found that sodium hydroxide-activated slag concrete had the highest compressive strength, while potassium hydroxide-activated slag concrete was second best. Alkali-activated slag and fly ash concrete was also made and tested, with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide was found to produce the highest strengths. The use of these alkali-activated concretes could provide more sustainable alternatives to ordinary Portland cement concrete
UAE Rhazya Stricta Decne extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H...Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman
This document discusses the use of an extract from the UAE plant Rhazya Stricta Decne as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions. Weight loss experiments were conducted on mild steel specimens in 1M HCl with varying concentrations of the plant extract at temperatures from 303K to 343K. The results showed that the extract was a highly effective inhibitor, providing up to 90% corrosion inhibition at a concentration of 2g/L and 303K. Inhibition effectiveness decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting the inhibitor's mechanism of action involves physical adsorption on the steel surface. The extract shows potential as a low-cost, environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitor for industrial applications involving acidic environments.
1991_Sensitivity to Iron Impurity Content of Corrosion Rate of Mg-15Al_Cotton...James D. Cotton
The corrosion rates of extrusions produced from rapidly-solidified Mg-15wt%AI alloy powder containing varying levels of iron (Fe) impurity (0.003-0.020wt%) were studied. Trace amounts of Fe were found to have a strong exponential effect on the corrosion rate, consistent with previous studies. However, the sensitivity to Fe content was markedly lower for the rapidly-solidified alloys compared to conventionally-cast alloys. This effect is explained by the microstructural refinement produced by rapid solidification, which decreases the scale of microstructure and distributes corrosion more evenly. Both pitting and filiform corrosion were observed and characterized using various microscopy techniques.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the abrasion resistance of geopolymer concrete at varying temperatures. The paper prepared geopolymer concrete samples using fly ash as the source material and an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Samples were cured at 25°C, 60°C, and 80°C and tested for abrasion resistance at 5-25 minutes using a tile abrasion testing machine. Results showed that abrasion resistance increased with higher curing temperature, with samples cured at 80°C showing the highest resistance. The paper concluded that geopolymer concrete has good abrasion resistance properties and further research is needed on mixtures with higher alkaline liquid ratios.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MOLARITY OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR ON FLY ASH BASED CONCRETEUMESHCHAKRABORTY1
This document presents a study on the effect of different molarity of alkaline activator on fly ash based concrete. It includes an introduction to geopolymer concrete and its benefits over ordinary Portland cement concrete. The objectives are to study the compressive and tensile strengths of geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators of 8M, 10M and 12M molarity. The results show that both compressive and tensile strengths increase with curing age and molarity. Geopolymer concrete with 12M alkaline activator achieved the highest strengths. The conclusion is that fly ash concrete can replace cement while achieving similar or better strengths through the geopolymerization process.
The document summarizes a study on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M hydrochloric acid solution using an ethanol extract of Conyza Dicorides leaves. Weight loss and electrochemical polarization techniques were used to evaluate the inhibition efficiency at temperatures ranging from 25-65°C. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, reaching a maximum of 94.87% at 2g/L and 25°C. Inhibition efficiency decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting physical adsorption of inhibitor molecules. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that adsorption of the inhibitor onto the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium by Adsorption using low-cost Adsorbents and Ac...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on removing hexavalent chromium from water using low-cost adsorbents like rice husk silica, rice husk, and sawdust. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters like pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose on chromium removal. Column adsorption experiments studied the effects of flow rate and bed height. Results showed rice husk silica was the most effective adsorbent, removing 64.25% of chromium in batch tests and 98.08% in column tests with optimal conditions of lower flow rate and higher bed height. Column tests provided better removal than batch tests. Comparing to activated carbon, rice husk silica
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Vitamin C was investigated as a green inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 3% NaCl and 4% HCl solutions. The results showed that Vitamin C was a better inhibitor in HCl solution, achieving 70-80% efficiency that increased with higher concentrations. However, inhibitor efficiency decreased over time due to decomposition, dropping 24-50%. In NaCl solution, efficiency was lower at 38-52% and also decreased over time. Adsorption of Vitamin C to the steel surface followed Langmuir isotherm behavior. Overall, Vitamin C showed potential as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel but required maintenance of concentration levels over time.
A Study Of Corrosion Inhibition Efficacy Of Leaves Extract Of Solanum Xanthoc...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that investigated the corrosion inhibition efficacy of leaf extracts from Solanum xanthocarpum and Salvodera persica plants on aluminum and mild steel samples exposed to hydrochloric acid solutions. Weight loss and gasometric methods were used to determine corrosion rates and calculate inhibition efficiency of the plant extracts at different concentrations (0.2-0.8%). The leaves extracts acted as good corrosion inhibitors for both metals, with Salvodera persica extract showing maximum inhibition efficiency of 97.83% at 0.8% concentration for aluminum, and Solanum xanthocarpum extract exhibiting minimum efficiency of 26.26% at 0.2% concentration for mild steel.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
Evaluation of Performance of Geopolymer Concrete in Acid EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document evaluates the performance of geopolymer concrete and Portland cement concrete in acid environments. Specimens of both concretes were immersed in 2% sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions for periods of 28, 56, and 112 days. The weight change and compressive strength of the specimens were measured to analyze their resistance to acid attack. The results showed that geopolymer concrete exhibited higher resistance to both acids compared to Portland cement concrete, with lower weight loss and strength reduction when immersed. Geopolymer concrete therefore has potential for use in acid-prone environments where conventional concrete is vulnerable.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the adsorption of lead (Pb) from aqueous solution using modified beech sawdust. Some key findings include:
- Maximum Pb removal efficiency of 91.3% occurred at pH 5, while minimum efficiency of 28.04% occurred at pH 7. Maximum adsorption capacity was 0.3841 mg/g.
- As the initial Pb concentration increased from 1 to 7 mg/L, removal efficiency decreased from 91.3% to 33.88%. Increasing adsorbent dose from 2 to 8 g/L improved removal efficiency from 50% to 97.3%.
- Removal efficiency had a decreasing trend after equilibrium was reached
IRJET- The Production of an All-Waste Steel Slag Alkali Activated ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document describes research into producing an all-waste concrete made entirely from steel slag. Six concrete mixes were prepared using different ratios of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and alkali activators like sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Compressive strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days and compared to a control mix made with ordinary Portland cement and natural aggregates. The optimum all-waste concrete mix achieved a compressive strength around 30% higher than the control mix, indicating steel slag concrete could be a viable alternative to traditional concrete.
Screening and extraction of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage s...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated screening and extracting heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using citric acid. The study characterized the sewage sludge and found heavy metal concentrations of copper, lead, nickel and zinc to be above regulatory standards. It then used a full factorial experimental design to study the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and extraction time on removing the heavy metals. Lead removal was highest at 99.9%, followed by nickel, copper and zinc. Statistical analysis found extraction time and hydrogen peroxide dosage to most significantly impact heavy metal removal efficiency.
Investigation on the activating effect of na2 co3 and naoh on slageSAT Publishing House
This document investigates the activating effect of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the workability and compressive strength of alkali-activated slag materials. Heat release experiments show that slag activated with Na2CO3 reacts much slower than slag activated with NaOH, with the main reaction occurring around 40 hours after mixing compared to 30 minutes for NaOH. Testing of workability and 7-day compressive strength was done with different alkali dosages and water-to-binder ratios. In general, Na2CO3 provided higher fluidity and strength compared to NaOH under the same conditions.
Influence of Oxidizing Agent on Recovery of Metals Including Gold and Silver ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on extracting metals like gold, silver, copper, zinc, and nickel from printed circuit boards using mixtures of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The study varied the concentration of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent in the acid mixtures to observe its effect on metal extraction. It was found that extraction of all metals increased up to 95-98% as nitric acid concentration increased up to 5%, but extraction dropped to 10% with 100% nitric acid. Extraction was also lower with 100% hydrochloric acid alone. The recovery of different metals depended on the nitric acid concentration in the oxidizing acid mixture.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of pH on clay that has been contaminated by various substances. The study artificially contaminated kaolinite clay samples with different concentrations of pore fluids, salts, heavy metals, and non-metals to determine how these contaminants affect the pH level of the clay. The initial pH of the uncontaminated kaolinite clay was 6.5. Tests found that the pH decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride contaminants, but increased with calcium chloride contamination. The changes in clay pH levels due to different contaminants can impact the geotechnical properties and chemical characteristics of the clay.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Iso-corrosion charts provide a method to select materials for handling corrosive chemicals like sulfuric acid based on temperature and concentration. The charts show corrosion rates in mils per year to determine suitable materials. For example, steel resists corrosion at sulfuric acid concentrations over 70% at moderate temperatures. Iso-corrosion charts condense extensive corrosion data to allow comparing alloy resistance at a glance.
The document summarizes a study on the inhibition effect of ampicillin sodium salt on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Weight loss and polarization curve experiments were conducted at different temperatures (303, 313, 323 K) and inhibitor concentrations. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature. Adsorption of the inhibitor followed the Freundlich isotherm. Calculations of activation energy, heat of adsorption, and thermodynamic parameters showed that ampicillin sodium salt acts as a mixed-type inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in HCl.
This document summarizes research on using activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon to remove Chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of parameters such as contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, interfering ions, and temperature on the adsorption process. The results showed that adsorption capacity increased with temperature, reached equilibrium within 40 minutes, and was most effective at low pH between 2-7. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption was physical and endothermic in nature. Overall, the research demonstrated the potential of using activated Strychnos Nux-Vomica L Nano Carbon for
By-Products of Steel Industry as a Complementary Material in ConstructionIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the use of steel industry by-products, slag and slag sand, as partial replacements for river sand and ordinary Portland cement in cement mortar.
The compressive strength of mortar cubes containing 30% slag sand replacement of river sand was 38.71N/mm2 at 90 days, 17% higher than the reference. Mortar with 35% slag replacement of cement achieved 41.84N/mm2 at 90 days, 23% higher than the reference. Blending 30% slag and slag sand yielded 39.37N/mm2 at 90 days, an 18% increase over the reference.
Microstructural analysis using EDS, SEM and XRD confirmed the presence of calcium,
This document reviews materials for corrosion prevention in the oil industry. It discusses how corrosion impacts oil production, transportation, and processing. Common causes of corrosion include mineral acids formed from salts in crude oil. Recent research has focused on developing new corrosion-resistant materials, chemicals to remove water and neutralize acids, and surface-active substances. Various amines, nitrogen compounds, and commercial inhibitors like HERCULES-30617 and DEOL-4241 are used to inhibit corrosion in different operations. The review aims to analyze existing approaches and develop new materials for applications in corrosion prevention.
Study of corrosion control effect of H2S scavengers in drilling fluidsMutiu K. Amosa, Ph.D.
Selected environmentally benign iron compounds (synthetic magnetite and ferrous gluconate) have been evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for oil-well steel (N-80) in 50 mg/l sulphide concentration at various pH ranging from 5.5 to 11.5 and at High Temperature, High Pressure (HTHP) conditions by the weight loss method. The test temperatures were 150 °F, 275 °F and 350 °F respectively for pressures of 3 000 psi, 5 000 psi and 6 000 psi. The ferrous complex was found to be a better corrosion inhibitor compared to the synthetic magnetite. It exhibited up to 99.2% inhibition efficiency (IE) when the dose of the scavenger was doubled (i.e. when the sulphide to scavenger ratio was 1:2) irrespective of other factors such as pH, temperature and pressure. Whereas, the synthetic magnetite’s optimum inhibition efficiency (IE) was observed to be up to 75.1% only when the ratio of the sulphide to scavenger was 1:4 at the lowest pH of the experiment (pH 5.5) which is not desirable for a drilling mud. As the pH increases, the inhibition efficiency of the magnetite decreases and found to be lowest at the alkaline pH of 11.5.
Similar to IRJET - Anti-Corrosion Effect of Curcuma Longa on Petroleum Drilling Equipment in the Presence of Different Acid Environments (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.