Group 5:
Reymart John Aguho
Lawrence Valdez
Trishia Mae Salazar
Gayle Allyson Guitones
Dempster Winston Corpuz
Matthew Erickson Quinto
Marc Vincent Maneja
MEMBERS:
Abletes, Charles Chille
Agustin, Eloisa Marie U.
Curammeng, Alona Jane E.
Galvan, Cyrus Kim
Macaysa, Czyryl Anne A.
Pagtaccunan, Roshiela Mae V.
This document provides an overview of topics covered by the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification. It summarizes that the CCNA focuses on fundamental networking knowledge for small office networks. It then explains key topics like networking devices (hubs, switches, routers), the OSI model, IP addressing, routing protocols, access control lists, switches, and virtual LANs (VLANs). The last section thanks the reader, indicating this provides a high-level overview of CCNA certification content.
Wireless networks come in many different forms, cover various distances, and provide a range of low to
high bandwidth depending on the type installed. Wireless LAN – Wireless LAN enable Laptop users to
access the Network of a company.
IP Address is a unique identification given to Host, network device, server for data communication. IP
Address stand for Internet Protocol address, it is an addressing scheme used to identify a system on a
network. It is a unique address that certain electronic devices currently use to communicate with each
other on a network using internet protocol.
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
Ethernet was developed in the 1970s and is now widely used to connect devices over various network cables. Ethernet media converters allow communication between different cable types like fiber optic and copper. They provide advantages like easy installation, cost effectiveness, increased speeds over longer distances, and less electromagnetic interference than direct copper connections. Media converters are useful for expanding existing networks or building new higher speed networks.
Group 5:
Reymart John Aguho
Lawrence Valdez
Trishia Mae Salazar
Gayle Allyson Guitones
Dempster Winston Corpuz
Matthew Erickson Quinto
Marc Vincent Maneja
MEMBERS:
Abletes, Charles Chille
Agustin, Eloisa Marie U.
Curammeng, Alona Jane E.
Galvan, Cyrus Kim
Macaysa, Czyryl Anne A.
Pagtaccunan, Roshiela Mae V.
This document provides an overview of topics covered by the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification. It summarizes that the CCNA focuses on fundamental networking knowledge for small office networks. It then explains key topics like networking devices (hubs, switches, routers), the OSI model, IP addressing, routing protocols, access control lists, switches, and virtual LANs (VLANs). The last section thanks the reader, indicating this provides a high-level overview of CCNA certification content.
Wireless networks come in many different forms, cover various distances, and provide a range of low to
high bandwidth depending on the type installed. Wireless LAN – Wireless LAN enable Laptop users to
access the Network of a company.
IP Address is a unique identification given to Host, network device, server for data communication. IP
Address stand for Internet Protocol address, it is an addressing scheme used to identify a system on a
network. It is a unique address that certain electronic devices currently use to communicate with each
other on a network using internet protocol.
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
Ethernet was developed in the 1970s and is now widely used to connect devices over various network cables. Ethernet media converters allow communication between different cable types like fiber optic and copper. They provide advantages like easy installation, cost effectiveness, increased speeds over longer distances, and less electromagnetic interference than direct copper connections. Media converters are useful for expanding existing networks or building new higher speed networks.
The document provides information about Cisco Certified Network Associate certification and networking concepts like network types, topologies, devices, IP addressing, routing, and static route configuration. It includes definitions of LAN, WAN, bus, star, ring, mesh topologies and network devices like NIC, hub, switch, router. It also summarizes the OSI model layers, IP address classes, NAT, router components, modes, static and dynamic routing. The end includes a sample static routing configuration project.
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
The document provides an overview of computer networking and the Internet. It discusses the key components of the network edge such as end systems, access networks, and physical media. It then covers the network core, describing how routers forward packets through packet switching and the overall structure of the Internet as a network of interconnected networks. The document also briefly touches on alternative approaches like circuit switching and issues related to delay, loss and throughput.
This course describes the basic networking elements and how they are used in practice. The course covers:
The evolution and principles of networking;
The basic notions used in this domain;
Types of equipment;
Description and general information of basic networking protocols.
The practical examples provide configuration commands, packet captures and a real feel of how to build a simple network
The course attendees will be encouraged to show their understanding by answering questions and debating the issues and solutions that they might have encountered when working with networks.
Wireless routers allow data from the internet to travel through the router's antenna and broadcast through the air to wireless devices using a wireless adapter. Setting up a wireless router involves running setup software, connecting the router to a computer with an Ethernet cable during setup, creating a wireless network name and password, and potentially manually configuring the router if needed. It is important to enable strong encryption like WPA2 on the wireless network for security. Connections can be tested by using the ping command to check communication with the router.
IP addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network. They allow information to be specifically routed to the intended destination similar to mailing addresses. There are two main IP address standards, IPv4 and IPv6, with IPv6 addressing anticipated space limitations of IPv4 by expanding the number of available addresses. IP addresses can be static, configured manually, or dynamic, assigned automatically by a DHCP server.
The document discusses network communication protocols. It describes how protocols establish rules for communication and are organized into protocol suites like TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the most common suite, using IP for addressing, TCP and UDP for transport, and protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP for applications. The document also covers IP addressing fundamentals like classes, subnetting, CIDR, and IPv6.
This document discusses IPV4 and IPV6. It begins by defining what an IP address is and how they are distributed. It then explains the uses of IP addresses and the two main types: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal form, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in hexadecimal form. The document outlines the classes, types, and terminologies associated with IPv4, and how IPv6 aims to address the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses by supporting a vastly larger number of unique addresses. It concludes by discussing challenges around the deployment of IPv6.
This document discusses IP addresses and subnet masks. It defines IP addresses as 32-bit numbers divided into four octets that allow computers to communicate. Subnet masks determine how many addresses can be used on a network. The document also covers public and private IP addresses, and how addresses are obtained either statically or dynamically via DHCP.
The document provides information about experimenting with RJ45 and Cat6 cabling using a crimping tool. It discusses the specifications of CAT6 cable and how it is an improved standard over previous categories. It also describes how to properly crimp RJ45 connectors onto cable and defines the straight-through and crossover wiring configurations. The document further explains how to install and use Cisco Packet Tracer for network simulations.
A LAN connects devices within a limited area like a home, office, or building. It allows devices to share resources like printers and files. A MAN covers a larger area like multiple cities or towns and is more expensive than a LAN. A WAN spans multiple countries or continents and uses satellites. MAC addresses uniquely identify devices on a network and are assigned to network cards. They are 48-bit addresses represented as 12 hexadecimal digits.
CSS L16 - IP ADDRESSING
Learning Competencies
After this learning module the students will be able to . . .
◦○Learn and discuss network addressing, switching and routing.
◦○Identify and understand the IP Addressing format
◦○Understand the explain the Network address translation and IPv6
The document provides an overview of computer networking fundamentals including:
- The seven layers of the OSI reference model and their functions from physical transmission to application interfaces.
- Reasons for using a layered networking model including modularity, interoperability, and error checking.
- Key networking concepts such as MAC addresses, connection-oriented vs. connectionless transmission, and data encapsulation.
The IEEE 802 standards describe networking protocols for the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 committee develops these standards, with subcommittees focusing on specific technologies. The 802.5 standard defines Token Ring networks that use a logical ring topology and token passing to control access and prevent collisions. The 802.3 standard defines Ethernet networks that typically use a bus or star topology and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) for network access.
This document discusses Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and networking concepts. It includes:
- An overview of the CCNA certification and what skills it demonstrates in networking areas like LANs, WANs, routing protocols, and network access.
- Explanations of common networking devices, topologies, protocols like IP addressing and routing, and models like the OSI model.
- Descriptions of static and dynamic routing, protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and commands used to configure routers.
Rajat Kumar Singh completed a one-month internship focused on networking and IP addressing and subnetting. He independently developed various addressing schemes for IPv4 and subnetting. The internship supervisor certified that Singh worked punctually and completed the project successfully. In his report, Singh provides background on computer networks and networking components. He describes the OSI model and network layer, focusing on IPv4 addressing and subnetting for the network portion of his project.
The document discusses network models and protocols. It introduces the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model. The OSI model has 7 layers from physical to application layer. TCP/IP has 4 layers from network access to application layer. Protocols are conventions that control connection and data transfer between endpoints. Encapsulation involves adding headers to data for routing through the layers. Common protocols and their functions are also described.
Its about the need for standard in networking, and caters to IEEE 802 standard in detail. FI you want to listen to this lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVD5sOpA0lc
The document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It covers converting between binary and decimal, classifying address types, how addresses are assigned by ISPs and administrators, using subnet masks to identify the network portion of an address, calculating network, broadcast and host addresses, and subnetting networks to create additional subnets and hosts. The objectives are to understand IP addressing fundamentals, perform conversions between binary and decimal, classify address types, and calculate network addressing components including subnetting.
IP addresses are numeric identifiers assigned to devices connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in dotted decimal notation, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses have two parts - a network portion allocated by ISPs and a host portion assigned to individual devices. IPv4 classes (A, B, C, D, E) determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions. IPv6 supports a much larger address space and easier auto-configuration compared to IPv4.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks and IP addressing. It discusses the history of computer networks and the development of networking models like OSI and TCP/IP. IP addresses are unique addresses that allow devices to communicate on a network. The document describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address space. It also explains the concepts of network IDs, host IDs, subnet masks, and how subnetting can be used to logically divide a large network into smaller subnetworks.
The document provides information about Cisco Certified Network Associate certification and networking concepts like network types, topologies, devices, IP addressing, routing, and static route configuration. It includes definitions of LAN, WAN, bus, star, ring, mesh topologies and network devices like NIC, hub, switch, router. It also summarizes the OSI model layers, IP address classes, NAT, router components, modes, static and dynamic routing. The end includes a sample static routing configuration project.
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
The document provides an overview of computer networking and the Internet. It discusses the key components of the network edge such as end systems, access networks, and physical media. It then covers the network core, describing how routers forward packets through packet switching and the overall structure of the Internet as a network of interconnected networks. The document also briefly touches on alternative approaches like circuit switching and issues related to delay, loss and throughput.
This course describes the basic networking elements and how they are used in practice. The course covers:
The evolution and principles of networking;
The basic notions used in this domain;
Types of equipment;
Description and general information of basic networking protocols.
The practical examples provide configuration commands, packet captures and a real feel of how to build a simple network
The course attendees will be encouraged to show their understanding by answering questions and debating the issues and solutions that they might have encountered when working with networks.
Wireless routers allow data from the internet to travel through the router's antenna and broadcast through the air to wireless devices using a wireless adapter. Setting up a wireless router involves running setup software, connecting the router to a computer with an Ethernet cable during setup, creating a wireless network name and password, and potentially manually configuring the router if needed. It is important to enable strong encryption like WPA2 on the wireless network for security. Connections can be tested by using the ping command to check communication with the router.
IP addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network. They allow information to be specifically routed to the intended destination similar to mailing addresses. There are two main IP address standards, IPv4 and IPv6, with IPv6 addressing anticipated space limitations of IPv4 by expanding the number of available addresses. IP addresses can be static, configured manually, or dynamic, assigned automatically by a DHCP server.
The document discusses network communication protocols. It describes how protocols establish rules for communication and are organized into protocol suites like TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the most common suite, using IP for addressing, TCP and UDP for transport, and protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP for applications. The document also covers IP addressing fundamentals like classes, subnetting, CIDR, and IPv6.
This document discusses IPV4 and IPV6. It begins by defining what an IP address is and how they are distributed. It then explains the uses of IP addresses and the two main types: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal form, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in hexadecimal form. The document outlines the classes, types, and terminologies associated with IPv4, and how IPv6 aims to address the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses by supporting a vastly larger number of unique addresses. It concludes by discussing challenges around the deployment of IPv6.
This document discusses IP addresses and subnet masks. It defines IP addresses as 32-bit numbers divided into four octets that allow computers to communicate. Subnet masks determine how many addresses can be used on a network. The document also covers public and private IP addresses, and how addresses are obtained either statically or dynamically via DHCP.
The document provides information about experimenting with RJ45 and Cat6 cabling using a crimping tool. It discusses the specifications of CAT6 cable and how it is an improved standard over previous categories. It also describes how to properly crimp RJ45 connectors onto cable and defines the straight-through and crossover wiring configurations. The document further explains how to install and use Cisco Packet Tracer for network simulations.
A LAN connects devices within a limited area like a home, office, or building. It allows devices to share resources like printers and files. A MAN covers a larger area like multiple cities or towns and is more expensive than a LAN. A WAN spans multiple countries or continents and uses satellites. MAC addresses uniquely identify devices on a network and are assigned to network cards. They are 48-bit addresses represented as 12 hexadecimal digits.
CSS L16 - IP ADDRESSING
Learning Competencies
After this learning module the students will be able to . . .
◦○Learn and discuss network addressing, switching and routing.
◦○Identify and understand the IP Addressing format
◦○Understand the explain the Network address translation and IPv6
The document provides an overview of computer networking fundamentals including:
- The seven layers of the OSI reference model and their functions from physical transmission to application interfaces.
- Reasons for using a layered networking model including modularity, interoperability, and error checking.
- Key networking concepts such as MAC addresses, connection-oriented vs. connectionless transmission, and data encapsulation.
The IEEE 802 standards describe networking protocols for the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. The IEEE 802 committee develops these standards, with subcommittees focusing on specific technologies. The 802.5 standard defines Token Ring networks that use a logical ring topology and token passing to control access and prevent collisions. The 802.3 standard defines Ethernet networks that typically use a bus or star topology and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) for network access.
This document discusses Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and networking concepts. It includes:
- An overview of the CCNA certification and what skills it demonstrates in networking areas like LANs, WANs, routing protocols, and network access.
- Explanations of common networking devices, topologies, protocols like IP addressing and routing, and models like the OSI model.
- Descriptions of static and dynamic routing, protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and commands used to configure routers.
Rajat Kumar Singh completed a one-month internship focused on networking and IP addressing and subnetting. He independently developed various addressing schemes for IPv4 and subnetting. The internship supervisor certified that Singh worked punctually and completed the project successfully. In his report, Singh provides background on computer networks and networking components. He describes the OSI model and network layer, focusing on IPv4 addressing and subnetting for the network portion of his project.
The document discusses network models and protocols. It introduces the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model. The OSI model has 7 layers from physical to application layer. TCP/IP has 4 layers from network access to application layer. Protocols are conventions that control connection and data transfer between endpoints. Encapsulation involves adding headers to data for routing through the layers. Common protocols and their functions are also described.
Its about the need for standard in networking, and caters to IEEE 802 standard in detail. FI you want to listen to this lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVD5sOpA0lc
The document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It covers converting between binary and decimal, classifying address types, how addresses are assigned by ISPs and administrators, using subnet masks to identify the network portion of an address, calculating network, broadcast and host addresses, and subnetting networks to create additional subnets and hosts. The objectives are to understand IP addressing fundamentals, perform conversions between binary and decimal, classify address types, and calculate network addressing components including subnetting.
IP addresses are numeric identifiers assigned to devices connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in dotted decimal notation, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses have two parts - a network portion allocated by ISPs and a host portion assigned to individual devices. IPv4 classes (A, B, C, D, E) determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions. IPv6 supports a much larger address space and easier auto-configuration compared to IPv4.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks and IP addressing. It discusses the history of computer networks and the development of networking models like OSI and TCP/IP. IP addresses are unique addresses that allow devices to communicate on a network. The document describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address space. It also explains the concepts of network IDs, host IDs, subnet masks, and how subnetting can be used to logically divide a large network into smaller subnetworks.
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers represented in dotted decimal notation with four octets separated by periods. The network portion and host portion of an address depend on its class. There are five classes: Class A has a 7-bit network ID and 24-bit host ID; Class B a 14-bit network ID and 16-bit host ID; Class C a 21-bit network ID and 8-bit host ID. Class D is for multicasting with the high-order bits set to 1110, and Class E is reserved for experimental purposes.
The document discusses IP addresses and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is and explains the classes of IPv4 addresses including Class A, B, C, D and E. It also defines IPv6, noting it uses 128-bit addresses represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. The key differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are that IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses in dot-decimal notation while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in hexadecimal colon-separated notation and has a much larger address space.
An IP addresses an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network.
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
IP works at network layer of OSI model.
The network portion of the IP Address is allocated by the internet service provider(ISP) under authority of the Internet Assigned Number Authority(IANA).
There are two main types of IP Addresses.
IPv4
IPv6
Which section of the IP Addresses represent the network and which section represent the machine will depend on what ‘class’ of the ip address is assigned to a network.
Without IP Address devices on different networks will not be able to communicate.
Every device needs an IP address in order to communicate(connect) to the internet.
The document discusses IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It describes the original IPv4 classful addressing scheme which divided addresses into classes A, B, and C based on the first octet. It explains how each class defined the number of network and host bits. It then introduces subnetting which allows networks to be divided into smaller subnets using a subnet mask, and describes how this led to classless addressing with variable length subnet masks.
This document provides information about IP addresses and network addressing. It discusses what an IP address is and how it is used to identify devices on a network. It also describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address into a network ID and host ID portion. The classes determine the number of networks and maximum number of hosts for each network.
IPv4 and IPv6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the available number of unique addresses, while IPv6 expanded the address space to 128 bits to accommodate many more devices. IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and resolve issues like its diminishing available address space as more devices connect to the internet. Some key differences are that IPv6 addresses are much longer at 128 bits compared to 32 bits for IPv4, IPv6 has a larger address space to allow for more connections, and security features like IPSec are mandatory in IPv6.
The document discusses Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and version 6 (IPv6). It provides details on IPv4 such as its 32-bit addressing scheme divided into classes A, B, and C. It also describes IPv4 features, benefits, and shortcomings like limited address space. The document then covers IPv6 which uses a 128-bit address format to overcome IPv4 limits and provide additional features.
The document provides information about configuring networking devices and connections. It discusses [1] MAC and IP addressing, including static and dynamic configuration; [2] installing and configuring network interface cards; and [3] basic setup of wired and wireless networks, including connecting devices, logging into routers, and configuring wireless settings.
This document provides an introduction to IP subnetting. It begins by explaining the anatomy of IP numbers, noting that they are assigned to network interfaces rather than individual hosts. It then defines IP network classes and how they divide the 32-bit IP number between the network and host portions. The document goes on to define what subnets are, reasons for subnetting a network, and how to calculate the subnet mask and network numbers when subnetting a Class C IP network number. It concludes by briefly mentioning routing and routing tables.
This presentation gives a brief description about IP Address (Internet protocol address), Classes of IPv4. And also included, what is IPv4 and what is IPv6.
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundational protocol of the TCP/IP architecture that all computers on the Internet use to communicate. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4, the currently used version, and IPv6 which is intended to replace IPv4. An IP address uniquely identifies a device on the network and consists of a network portion and host portion. IP allows for fragmentation of packets but does not guarantee delivery. Subnetting allows a single network to be divided into multiple logical subnets to improve routing and management.
This document provides an overview of IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It discusses hardware addressing using MAC addresses, logical addressing using network IDs and host IDs, and the Internet Protocol (IP). IP uses 32-bit addresses and provides logical addressing and routing. Subnet masks distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address. CIDR notation compactly represents subnet masks. Address classes and subnetting create networks and hosts. Private IP addresses are used internally while public addresses can route on the internet.
IP addresses are assigned to devices to identify them on a network. Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) manage and allocate IP addresses and resources regionally. There are currently five RIRs that oversee different global regions. IP addresses are represented as 32-bit numbers that are broken into network and host portions through the use of subnet masks. Subnetting and Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) allow networks to be divided into smaller subnets in an efficient manner. Route summarization helps reduce routing table sizes.
The document discusses IP addresses and IPv6 addresses. It provides information on the structure of IP addresses, subnetting, CIDR notation, and IPv6 addressing. Some key points include:
- An IP address identifies a device on a network and has two parts - a network prefix and host number. Subnetting splits the host number into a subnet number and smaller host number.
- CIDR notation specifies the length of the network prefix to efficiently allocate address space. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit for a huge number of available addresses compared to IPv4.
- IPv6 introduces new address types like multicast for groups and anycast to select one group member. Provider-based addressing allocates IPv6
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
2. What is ip address?
❏ An IP Address is an identifier for a particular
machine on a particular network. It is part of a
scheme to identify computers on the internet.
❏ Ip address are also referred to as IP number and
internet address.
❏ The network portion of the IP address is
allocated to internet service providers (ISP) by
the InterNIC, under the authority of the internet
assigned number authority (IANA).
❏ ISP’s then assign the host portion of the IP
address to the machines on the networks that
they operate. 2
3. Which section of the IP address
represent the network & which
sections represents the machine
will depend on what “class” of IP
address is assigned to a network.
3
QUESTIONS?
5. IPV4
❏ It is 32 bit number represented in 4
decimal number where each decimal
number is of 8bit (octet) is separated by a
dot(.)
❏ Thus representation known as doted
decimal representation. IP address
consists of 2 components the network id
and the host id.
6. IPV4
❏ Network id:-it is the number assigned
to a network in the internet. Host id:- it
represents the id assigned to a host in
the network.
❏ IPv4 allows 232 (4294967296) unique
address which section of IP address
show the network id & which section
show the machine or host id depend on
the class network. 6
7. IPV4
There are five classes of IP addresses:
❏ Class A
❏ Class B
❏ Class C
❏ Class D
❏ Class E
7
8. IPV4 : CLASS A
❏ The first byte is a network id (8 bits) & the
last 3 bytes are for host id (24 bits).
❏ The first bit is ‘0’.
❏ Range of network number-1.0.0.0 to
126.0.0.0
❏ Number of possible networks-127(1-126
usable, 127 is reserved)
8
9. IPV4 : CLASS B
❏ Number of possible values in the host portion 16,777,216
❏ It is used for large network.
9
10. IPV4: CLASS B
❏ The first 2 bytes are a network id (16 bits) & the
last 2 bytes are for host id (16 bits).
❏ The first 2 bits are ‘10’.
❏ Range of network number- 128.0.0.0 to
191.255.0.0
❏ Number of possible networks- 16,384
10
11. IPV4:CLASS B
❏ Number of possible values in the host
portion- 65536
❏ Used for medium size network.
11
12. IPV4: CLASS C
❏ The first 3 bytes are a network id (24 bits) &
the last 1 byte are for host id (8 bit).
❏ The first 3 bits are ‘110’.
❏ Range of network number- 192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.0
❏ Number of possible networks- 2,097,152
❏ Number of possible values in the host
portion- 256
❏ Used in local area network(LAN). 12
14. Ipv4: class d
❏ An IP address which belong to class D
has the first octet has its 4bit set to
‘1110’.
❏ Range of network number- 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255
❏ Used for multicasting
14
15.
16. Ipv4: class e
❏ It reserved for experimental & for
future testing purpose.
❏ Range of network number-
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
16
18. 18
ipv6
❏ IPv6 will make use of 128 bit IP address.
❏ An IPv6 address is represented as 8
groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, each
group representing 16 bits (2 octets).
❏ The groups are separated by colons(:).
E.g.2001:0db8.85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0
370 :7334