When arguing values, a writer aims to shape readers' perspectives by making them see qualities or dimensions of a topic in the same way. To do this, the writer must research the topic, understand differing viewpoints, assert and support their own perspective, and counter potential counterarguments. The argument should address an issue in public discourse, not just express a private opinion. Key steps include analyzing who benefits and is harmed by the topic, inventing a thesis that reveals something unique, using evidence like analogies and testimony to support claims, and carefully examining opposing views.