Game theory is a strategic approach to understanding interactive situations. It examines how individuals make decisions in contexts where outcomes depend on the decisions of others. Key components of game theory include players, rules, strategies, and payoffs. Static games analyze single-shot interactions, while repeated games consider how cooperation can emerge over multiple iterations if players use strategies like tit-for-tat that punish non-cooperation but also forgive. Sequential games incorporate timing of moves, and concepts like backward induction help analyze them. Real-world applications of game theory include how to establish cooperation between parties and the value of commitment devices for changing strategic incentives.
This presentation is an attempt to introduce Game Theory in one session. It's suitable for undergraduates. In practice, it's best used as a taster since only a portion of the material can be covered in an hour - topics can be chosen according to the interests of the class.
The main reference source used was 'Games, Theory and Applications' by L.C.Thomas. Further notes available at: http://bit.ly/nW6ULD
This presentation is an attempt to introduce Game Theory in one session. It's suitable for undergraduates. In practice, it's best used as a taster since only a portion of the material can be covered in an hour - topics can be chosen according to the interests of the class.
The main reference source used was 'Games, Theory and Applications' by L.C.Thomas. Further notes available at: http://bit.ly/nW6ULD
Game Theory - Quantitative Analysis for Decision MakingIshita Bose
WHAT IS GAME THEORY?
HISTORY OF GAME THEORY
APPLICATIONS OF GAME THEORY
KEY ELEMENTS OF A GAME
TYPES OF GAME
NASH EQUILIBRIUM (NE)
PURE STRATEGIES AND MIXED STRATEGIES
2-PLAYERS ZERO-SUM GAMES
PRISONER’S DILEMMA
Applications of game theory on event management Sameer Dhurat
Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers." Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology.
In this presentation ,discussed regarding Application of game theory on Event Management with the help of Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Term: 2017-2018 FALL SEMESTER,
Course Name: DECISION THEORY AND ANALYSIS
Department: Industrial Engineering
University: Sakarya University
Lecturer: Halil İbrahim Demir (hidemir.sakarya.edu.tr)
Presenter: Caner Erden (cerden.sakarya.edu.tr)
This presentation about game theory particularly two players zero sum game for under graduate students in engineering program. It is part of operations research subject.
Game Theory - Quantitative Analysis for Decision MakingIshita Bose
WHAT IS GAME THEORY?
HISTORY OF GAME THEORY
APPLICATIONS OF GAME THEORY
KEY ELEMENTS OF A GAME
TYPES OF GAME
NASH EQUILIBRIUM (NE)
PURE STRATEGIES AND MIXED STRATEGIES
2-PLAYERS ZERO-SUM GAMES
PRISONER’S DILEMMA
Applications of game theory on event management Sameer Dhurat
Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers." Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology.
In this presentation ,discussed regarding Application of game theory on Event Management with the help of Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Term: 2017-2018 FALL SEMESTER,
Course Name: DECISION THEORY AND ANALYSIS
Department: Industrial Engineering
University: Sakarya University
Lecturer: Halil İbrahim Demir (hidemir.sakarya.edu.tr)
Presenter: Caner Erden (cerden.sakarya.edu.tr)
This presentation about game theory particularly two players zero sum game for under graduate students in engineering program. It is part of operations research subject.
Inovácie a zmeny, ktoré prináša nová generácia sú veľkou výzvou pre stabilné a zabehnuté organizácie. Je ťažké otvoriť zabehnuté procedúry riadenia, alebo zlepšovania.
Prisoner's Dilemma is a paradox in decision analysis in which two individuals acting in their own best interest pursue a course of action that does not result in the ideal outcome. The typical prisoner's dilemma is set up in such a way that both parties choose to protect themselves at the expense of the other participant. As a result of following a purely logical thought process to help oneself, both participants find themselves in a worse state than if they had cooperated with each other in the decision-making process.
In this session, we will be looking at The Prisoner's Dilemma and how it affects our decision making, group and team dynamics, business decisions. We'll look at real world case studies and nature with a goal of understanding this dilemma better.
There are games everywhere, and we are creating them all the time without even knowing it. We have the “get the project green” game, the “highest team velocity wins” game, and the “meet the go-live date” game. But it’s about time we learnt how to design better games, having people compete to win the “create the most value” game or “increase stakeholder happiness” - much better alternatives in our world.
Most commonly used in war games and global economics, game theory is a branch of mathematics not just reserved for those interested in world domination. Defined as “the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers”, it helps us understand and analyse how people may behave under different circumstances. It helps us analyse payoffs, determine implications and strategies that people will take and hence utilise this information to create games that drive behaviour.
Learn the basics of game theory through an exercise and examples, predict people’s next move and become a good (not evil) gamemaster.
This is the first of an 8 lecture series that I presented at University of Strathclyde in 2011/2012 as part of the final year AI course.
This lecture introduces the concept of a game, and the branch of mathematics known as Game Theory.
Engaging change: The awareness-action gap and the power of game designColine Pannier
The impact of human activities on the environment is widely documented and communicated, yet the profusion of information doesn't seem to be able to trigger a radical change in behaviors. An extra step is needed to bridge the gap between awareness and action. Games can be a powerful tool to help people engage with the abstract problems of sustainability and feel empowered to take action. How can we use the power of game design to influence real-life behavior?
Talk given in March 2015 at the Gamification World Congress Netherlands by Coline Pannier and Sofía Montuori
Game theory is a mathematical discipline that investigates the interaction of multiple, interest driven and rational parties. In other words: Most of our business and social interactions. In this talk we will define some basic game theory terms, talk about some of the more iconic games that have been developed by the discipline and see how they apply to most of our product strategy decisions. We’ll talk about Prisoner’s Dilemma, Rock Paper Scissors and the Game of Chicken – describe business scenarios where they’re applicable and come up with the best solutions, together!
Modelling "Effects" in Simulation and Training.Tom Mouat
Accurate prediction of outcomes in disputes is difficult, but by using wargaming and role play you can generate more accurate predictions than by other methods.
In this presentation we introduce the game balance "interesting strategies". It is especially important as games with a single dominant strategy are boring. No strategy must be much better than others and without drawbacks.
These slides were prepared by Dr. Marc Miquel. All the materials used in them are referenced to their authors.
Adam Kramarzewski is a Game Designer at Space Ape with 11 years of experience in the industry and a new book just about to be published. He gives students an unfiltered insight into the production practices, responsibilities, and challenges facing Game Designers in the modern game development scene.
Students should be able to:
Use simple game theory to illustrate the interdependence that exists in oligopolistic markets
Understanding the prisoners’ dilemma and a simple two firm/two outcome model. Students should analyse the advantages/disadvantages of being a first mover
Students will not be expected to have an understanding of the Nash Equilibrium
This section addresses some of the social dilemmas that currently affect humanity on a global scale. We will see how game theory has provided tools to study them scientifically, and how cooperation theory is looking for a way out of them.
Cooperation theory research and proposals are grouped into three major areas: strategic, institutional and motivational.
We also review some global dilemmas to understand their inner dynamics, what would have to be done to correct them, and what obstacles there are to achieving this.
Similar to Introduction to the Strategy of Game Theory (20)
Monetary Policy According to the Reserve Bank of AustraliaJonathon Flegg
A short presentation on the unique aspects of inflation-targeting by the Reserve Bank of Australia. Compared with other inflation-targeting Central Banks, the RBA is to have low independence from the Government. The strong focus on credibility, transparency and flexibility allows the RBA to smooth volatility in the real economy and to occasionally target asset prices.
Measuring the effects of alcohol-supply restrictions in indigenous communitie...Jonathon Flegg
An empirical approach to assessing the impact of the 2008 alcohol bans in indigenous communities in Queensland, Australia. We use the State Government's own policy goals to assess whether the bans can be shown to have had a significant effect.
Education for All in India: Financing India's Elementary EducationJonathon Flegg
India's Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (Education for All) Scheme is the biggest education financing programme of its kind in the world. This presentation addresses the major problems currently facing the financing of the system's, and proposes a new "grand bargain" to make the system work better for all Indians.
A Rational Choice Model of Compulsory VotingJonathon Flegg
A new rational choice model incorporating the institution of compulsory voting into the "Calculus of Voting" (1968). Compulsory Voting is a sure method of increasing voter turnout only if citizens
face significant sanctions and enforcement, and at the cost of those who cast a ballot being
on average more apathetic. Overtime it is likely that any potential partisan effects of compulsory voting are disappearing.
A new model elucidating when and when not to have legislative and presidential term limits. Case studies include: Russia, Columbia and South Korea. The presentation concludes that term limits are most necessary for presidential offices in developing countries, but could even harmful when used in legislatures in developed countries.
How to Rig an Election: A Study of Electoral Manipulation in AfghanistanJonathon Flegg
A provocatively titled presentation that analyses how Hamid Karzai managed to manipulate the 2009 Afghan Presidential Election. Our econometric analysis shows districts with higher electoral irregularities, including voter intimidation and lost votes and are strongly correlated with "support" for Karzai.
Deng Xiaoping Reforms: Changes and ChallengesJonathon Flegg
A presentation that attempts to understand how Deng Xiaoping achieved his ambitious policy agenda during the early reform period (1978-84). While Mao passed away in 1976, this presentation examines how Deng still had to work within his institutional and political legacy. The presentation pays close consideration to the "balance of power" between Deng and Chen Yun in the Politburo Standing Committee over the period.
A wide-ranging presentation assessing the impacts of trade liberalisation on national economies and the international trend towards greater trade in services.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society.pdfssuser3e63fc
Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
Want to move your career forward? Looking to build your leadership skills while helping others learn, grow, and improve their skills? Seeking someone who can guide you in achieving these goals?
You can accomplish this through a mentoring partnership. Learn more about the PMISSC Mentoring Program, where you’ll discover the incredible benefits of becoming a mentor or mentee. This program is designed to foster professional growth, enhance skills, and build a strong network within the project management community. Whether you're looking to share your expertise or seeking guidance to advance your career, the PMI Mentoring Program offers valuable opportunities for personal and professional development.
Watch this to learn:
* Overview of the PMISSC Mentoring Program: Mission, vision, and objectives.
* Benefits for Volunteer Mentors: Professional development, networking, personal satisfaction, and recognition.
* Advantages for Mentees: Career advancement, skill development, networking, and confidence building.
* Program Structure and Expectations: Mentor-mentee matching process, program phases, and time commitment.
* Success Stories and Testimonials: Inspiring examples from past participants.
* How to Get Involved: Steps to participate and resources available for support throughout the program.
Learn how you can make a difference in the project management community and take the next step in your professional journey.
About Hector Del Castillo
Hector is VP of Professional Development at the PMI Silver Spring Chapter, and CEO of Bold PM. He's a mid-market growth product executive and changemaker. He works with mid-market product-driven software executives to solve their biggest growth problems. He scales product growth, optimizes ops and builds loyal customers. He has reduced customer churn 33%, and boosted sales 47% for clients. He makes a significant impact by building and launching world-changing AI-powered products. If you're looking for an engaging and inspiring speaker to spark creativity and innovation within your organization, set up an appointment to discuss your specific needs and identify a suitable topic to inspire your audience at your next corporate conference, symposium, executive summit, or planning retreat.
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For event details, visit pmissc.org.
NIDM (National Institute Of Digital Marketing) Bangalore Is One Of The Leading & best Digital Marketing Institute In Bangalore, India And We Have Brand Value For The Quality Of Education Which We Provide.
www.nidmindia.com
This comprehensive program covers essential aspects of performance marketing, growth strategies, and tactics, such as search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, content marketing, social media marketing, and more
Resumes, Cover Letters, and Applying OnlineBruce Bennett
This webinar showcases resume styles and the elements that go into building your resume. Every job application requires unique skills, and this session will show you how to improve your resume to match the jobs to which you are applying. Additionally, we will discuss cover letters and learn about ideas to include. Every job application requires unique skills so learn ways to give you the best chance of success when applying for a new position. Learn how to take advantage of all the features when uploading a job application to a company’s applicant tracking system.
Exploring Career Paths in Cybersecurity for Technical CommunicatorsBen Woelk, CISSP, CPTC
Brief overview of career options in cybersecurity for technical communicators. Includes discussion of my career path, certification options, NICE and NIST resources.
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024.pdfDr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
The career system works on all devices!
For more Information, go to https://bit.ly/3SW5w8W
2. Outline
Concept of game theory
Static games
Repeated games
Sequential games
Game theory in the real world
3. What is Game Theory?
○ it is not another useless theory
○ it is not just useful for trivial games
○ it is not just for mathematical egg heads
○ . “Game theory is a tool for exploring and
understanding situations laced with strategic
reasoning”
- Joe Harrington (Johns Hopkins University)
KEY DEFINING WORDS:
STRATEGIC AND INTERACTION
5. You probably know some intuitively
... good result,
given the ... let’s shift the
circumstances. goalposts.
... they had no ... I’m keeping
other option. ... the result
was inevitable. my powder dry.
... gaming the ... launched a
... they burned pre-emptive
system ... they’re own strike.
bridge.
... need to ... swimming
... tit-for-tat
manage against the
strategy.
expectations. school.
6. Questions for game theory
● Why does the Westminster
system of parliamentary
democracy generate conflict?
● Why did Neville Chamberlain
sign the Munich Agreement with
Adolf Hitler?
● How hard should you work on a
team project at university?
● In a penalty kick situation in
soccer, is there any advantage
from kicking the ball to the right
or to the left?
7. A Game Theorist Plays Trump Card
Why would the CEO of Australia’s
biggest coal miner support a
carbon tax?
ANSWER: GAME THEORY
8. Paper, scissors, rock
SCISSORS
PAPER
ROCK
ROCK
● Is it strategic? NO
● Is it interactive? NO
10. A simple example
● Did you develop a strategy?
● Did it work or not work?
● How was this different to the first game with the tape recorder?
11. A few assumptions
● Each player is rational
● Each player knows the full extent
to which each other player is
rational
● Each player knows the potential
pay-offs for themselves and
others
● Each player knows the rules of
the game
Rational actors are those that
construct the most efficient or cost-
effective means to achieve their
specific goal.
12. Key components
Players
individuals, firms, organisations and governments
Rules
contracts, laws, regulations and customary agreements
Strategies
bidding in an auction, running for election, filing a lawsuit, paying a bribe
Pay-offs
winning an auction, losing a job, going to jail, receiving compensation
13. Outline
Concept of game theory
Static games
Repeated games
Sequential games
Game theory in the real world
14. M&M Challenge
● You have saved up your whole
life a delicious nest egg of 50
M&Ms
● Government wants to incentivise
M&M saving so it offers
individuals the opportunity of
depositing your M&Ms in a joint
super M&M fund
● Government will top-up the joint
account with 3 times the M&Ms
in the fund and distribute them
the same amount to all who
contributed
● How many M&Ms will you put in
the fund?
15. Prisoner’s dilemma
● Two thieves are caught and
interrogated separately
● If both thieves stay quiet
they will avoid any charges
● If both thieves confess they
will each get 8 years
● If one dobs in the other he
walks free while his partner
gets 10 years
● What do you think is going
to happen?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ED9gaAb2BEw
21. Two very important concepts
A dominated strategy is a move that always bears outcomes
inferior to another, no matter what the other player does.
22. Two very important concepts
A Nash Equilibrium is a strategy profile with the property that no
player can do better by choosing a different strategy.
23. Gaining cooperation
Typically techniques for promoting coordination fall into two categories:
altering the pay-offs or changing the rules of the game.
○ Coercion and punishment
○ Pre-commitment devices and contracts
○ Selective incentives
○ Positive reputation
○ Establishing trust
○ Repeating the game
○ Players move sequentially
24. Outline
Concept of game theory
Static games
Repeated games
Sequential games
Game theory in the real world
25. Repeated games
● In reality, games are rarely one-off events
● In general cooperation can be sustained over time if
● Can you think of some examples where this would be the case?
● What do you think could happen when the relation starts to come to an
end?
26. Tit-for-tat strategy
● An academic tournament was held in
1980 to test which strategy performs
the best over repeated Prisoner’s
Dilemmas
● The outstanding strategy was Robert
Axelrod’s tit-for-tat strategy that follows
some simple rules:
○ Unless provoked, a player will
always cooperate
○ If provoked, a player will retaliate
○ The agent is quick to forgive
● Whilst defecting is the optimal solution
in a one-off Prisoner’s Dilemma, the tit-
for-tat strategy has a ‘disciplining’ effect
on any other mindful player that
encourages cooperation
27. Outline
Concept of game theory
Static games
Repeated games
Sequential games
Game theory in the real world
28. Centipede Game
● There are two bowls of M&Ms –
one with one M&M and one with
four
● Your team can choose to take
the bigger pile (leaving the other
team with the smaller pile) or
passing
● Passing the piles causes them to
double
29. United States example
● In the United States, the
Congress needs to decide on a
new carbon tax to applied to
large energy producers. The
current rate is $15 per tonne of
carbon emitted.
● The Senate Committee on
Energy and Natural Resource’s
preferred tax is $18 per tonne.
Once Committee proposes a bill,
the legislature is free to amend it
before taking a final vote.
○ What will the Committee do if
the Senate’s preferred policy
is $25 per tonne?
○ What about $14 per tonne?
32. Commitment devices
"a means with which to lock yourself into a course of action
that you might not otherwise choose but that produces a
desired result" (Dubner and Levitt 2007)
33. Military example
● Norway’s army must decide
whether to attack Sweden’s,
which is occupying an island
between the two countries.
● In the event of an attack,
Sweden may fight, or retreat
over a bridge to its mainland.
Each army prefers to occupy the
island than not to occupy it; a
fight is the worst outcome for
both armies.
● What changes if Sweden’s army
burns the bridge back to its
mainland, cutting off its only
method of retreat?
36. Outline
Concept of game theory
Static games
Repeated games
Sequential games
Game theory in the real world
37. Into the real world
● Small pay-offs
● Uncertain future outcomes
● Long-term and repeated games
● Behavioural and mental limits
38. Fleggie’s final tips
● Consider others’ strategies before considering your own
● History means very little. Always be forward-looking and anticipatory
● Always consider how much actual ability you have to influence a final
outcome
● Timing is everything, and it’s not always better to move second
● Change the rules, changes the outcome
39. Final tips on strategy
● Never forget the status quo is itself a strategy
● Look for dominated strategies that you can take off the table early
● Also look for inevitable outcomes. If you can embrace an inevitable
outcome, albeit negative, you might be in a position to minimise its
impact
● Be wary of other players’ publicly released comments. Often they have
strong incentives to misrepresent their preferences
● Don’t be afraid to use a firm yet forgiving tit-for-tat strategy. It is a
proven strategy for cooperation in a broad range of contexts
We’ve all played Risk before.What is the goal of risk: world domination.How do you (hopefully) get there? By strategically deciding on when and with whom to cooperate and when and with whom to bring on conflict.
The Government preferred ETS TAX NOTHING (Rudd and Gillard promising “no tax”) then it switched to TAXETSNOTHING. NOTHING was least likely. BHP preferred TAX NOTHING ETS (if it was without uranium it might have been NOTHING TAX ETS)A broad-based carbon tax, he said, would affect BHP's business if there was "no rebating for trade-exposed industries".A BHP spokesman confirmed that Mr Kloppers believed there should be "some form of treatment" to recognise export sector industries under the carbon tax, echoing growing calls for special deals across the economy, including from the steel industry, cement manufacturers, food and groceries, oil, gas and aluminium.
What would happen if the depositors held personal accounts in the fund? What would change?
EXAMPLES: arms race, global climate change agreements, fall in trade union membershipMany other examples. Can you think of some?
Player A and Player B. Each player has a penny and must secretly turn the penny to heads or tails. The players then reveal their choices simultaneously. If the pennies match (both heads or both tails) Player A keeps both pennies, so wins one from Player B (+1 for A, -1 for B). If the pennies do not match (one heads and one tails) Player B keeps both pennies, so receives one from Player A (-1 for A, +1 for B). This is an example of a zero-sum game, where one player's gain is exactly equal to the other player's loss.This game has no pure strategyNash equilibrium since there is no pure strategy (heads or tails) that is a best response to a best response. EXAMPLE: paper, scissors, rock
two individuals go out on a hunt. Each can individually choose to hunt a stag or hunt a hare. Each player must choose an action without knowing the choice of the other. If an individual hunts a stag, he must have the cooperation of his partner in order to succeed. An individual can get a hare by himself, but a hare is worth less than a stag. This is taken to be an important analogy for social cooperation.
Imagine a couple that agreed to meet this evening, but cannot recall if they will be attending the opera or a football match. The husband would most of all like to go to the football game. The wife would like to go to the opera. Both would prefer to go to the same place rather than different ones. If they cannot communicate, where should they go?This game has two pure strategyNash equilibria, one where both go to the opera and another where both go to the football game.
The game of chicken models two drivers, both headed for a single lane bridge from opposite directions. The first to swerve away yields the bridge to the other. If neither player swerves, the result is a potentially fatal head-on collision. It is presumed that the best thing for each driver is to stay straight while the other swerves (since the other is the "chicken" while a crash is avoided). Additionally, a crash is presumed to be the worst outcome for both players. This yields a situation where each player, in attempting to secure his best outcome, risks the worst.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rExm2FbY-BE&NR=1
Coercion and punishment – tax evasion punishmentPre-commitment devices – coal purchase orders and airport/airlinesSelective incentives – Growcom Reputation – selling a lemon on ebay or a car (use reputation reporting highly effective - if the word gets out his business will dry up)Establishing trust – small communities
Compare the risks in a one-off sale of a lemon car compared with a fruit wholesaler who sells to a restaurant every day?
In 1980, Robert Axelrod, professor of political science at the University of Michigan, held a tournament of various strategies for the prisoner's dilemma. He invited a number of well-known game theorists to submit strategies to be run by computers. In the tournament, programs played games against each other and themselves repeatedly. Each strategy specified whether to cooperate or defect based on the previous moves of both the strategy and its opponent.
Consider two players: Alice and Bob. Alice moves first. At the start of the game, Alice has two piles of coins in front of her: one pile contains 4 coins and the other pile contains 1 coin. Each player has two moves available: either "take" the larger pile of coins and give the smaller pile to the other player or "push" both piles across the table to the other player. Each time the piles of coins pass across the table, the quantity of coins in each pile doubles. For example, assume that Alice chooses to "push" the piles on her first move, handing the piles of 1 and 4 coins over to Bob, doubling them to 2 and 8. Bob could now use his first move to either "take" the pile of 8 coins and give 2 coins to Alice, or he can "push" the two piles back across the table again to Alice, again increasing the size of the piles to 4 and 16 coins. The game continues for a fixed number of rounds or until a player decides to end the game by pocketing a pile of coins.
Why do you think is going to happen?
What do you think is going to happen?Now you can see why the US Congressional committees are so incredibly powerful!
What do you think is going to happen?Now you can see why the US Congressional committees are so incredibly powerful!
What do you think is going to happen?Now you can see why the US Congressional committees are so incredibly powerful!