The document discusses the origins and history of sericulture (silk production) in India and China. It notes that silk production began in China before 3000 BC and was a closely guarded secret for over 2800 years. It then spread along the Silk Road to India and other parts of Asia. Today, India is the second largest producer of silk after China, with states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh dominating production. Mulberry silk accounts for the majority of Indian production.

1. November 8, 2011

2. November 8, 2011 (Sogdian silk, 8th century) HISTORY CHINA IS THE ORIGIN OF SERICULTURE. CHINESE LADY NAMED HSI-LING-SHIH INVENTED MYSTERY OF SILKWORM COCOONS ACCIDENTALY. IT IS SAID THAT SILK IS DISCOVERED BEFORE 3000 B.C. ART OF SILK PRODUCTION WAS A SECRET UPTO 200 B.C. ( FOR ABOUT 2800 YEARS ) TRADING OF SILK WAS THROUGH THE SILK ROAD AT THAT TIME. BY ABOUT 300 AD SERICULTURE HAD SPREAD TO INDIA FROM KOREA. SILK ROAD IN 1857, WORLD SERICULTURE INDUSTRY SUFFERED FROM PEBRINE DISEASE. THIS ALMOST DESTROYED EUROPIAN SERICULTURE INDUSTRY. LOUIS PASTEUR DISCOVER “MME” TECHNIQUE TO CONTROLL THAT DISEASE

3. November 8, 2011 Silk was exported along the Silk Road (the ancient trade route linking China and the Roman Empire). This trade brought China a great wealth, but the Chinese did not give away the secret on how silk was produced.

4. Aryans discovered the silk worm in sub himalayan region Silk from kashmir to bengal was exported to european markets during 14 & 15 century Tippu sultan of mysore laid foundation in mysore(karnataka produces 70% of countrys raw silk) 1771- chiness silk worm was introduced in India to improve the quality of cocoons 1717-1775- Italian method of raring was introduced by east India company 1942- silk conference at delhi Silk expansion scheme – to meet the requirements of parachute cloth 1949- central silk board 1963- CSTRI at mysore 1964-tassar research station Regional research stations are establioshed in Salem ,trivendram , Anatapur ,kollegeal , Bangalore , majra , pampore November 8, 2011

5. November 8, 2011 Though India is the second largest silk producer in the World after China, it accounts for just 5% of the global silk market, since the bulk of Indian silk thread and silk cloth are consumed domestically. Germany is the largest consumer of Indian silk. The sericulture industry is landbased as silk worm rearing involves over 700,000 farm families and is concentrated in the three Southern states of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh. (The states of Assam and West Bengal are also involved in the industry to a certain extent). According to some Indian scholars silkworms (Bombyx mori) were first domesticated in the foothills of the Himalayas. Evidences in ancient Sanskrit literature reveals that certain kind of wild silks were cultivated in India from time immemorial. It is the only one cash crop in agriculture sector that gives returns within 30 days .

6. November 8, 2011 Silk, the queen of the fabrics still commands passion of consumer right from 2200 BC to till today, nationally and internationally. The export potential of Indian Sericulture Industry is evident from the fact that the annual export is Rs.2879.56 crores during the year 2004-05. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Jammu Kashmir are the five traditional states accounts for around 90% of the total production

7. WORLD RAW SILK PRODUCTION STATISTICS (in MT) November 8, 2011 source:- ISC WEBSITE AS UPDATED ON OCTOBER 2007

8. PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK IN INDIA November 8, 2011 P:- PROVISIONAL DATA FROM APRL-DEC SOURCE:- Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09

9. November 8, 2011 STATE WISE PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK (2007-08) SOURCE:- Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09 STATE PRODUCTION IN MT AP 4497.32 J&K 105 KA 8240 TN 1368 WB 1699.71 OTHERS 2409.84 TOTAL 18320

10. November 8, 2011 P : Provisional data for April to December period * Including silk carpets and silk RMG. Raw silk Export in INDIA SOURCE:- Central Silk Board Updated on: 13-05-09

11. November 8, 2011 Andhra Pradesh occupies 1st position in productivity and 2nd position in the country next to Karnataka in production of Silk. Andhra Pradesh produces all the four popular varieties of Silk worm cocoons namely Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga. Andhra Pradesh has got very strong and traditional weaving base with more than a lakh number of hand looms mostly concentrated in weaving pockets like Dharmavaram, Pochampally,, Gadval, Patur, Peddapuram, Narayanpet, etc., In the last decade number of cotton weavers have taken to silk weaving in centers like Rayadurg and Proddatur because of better income in silk weaving About two and half centuries ago silk was introduced into Karnataka by Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the State. Today it is the biggest silk producing centre in India. Sericulture introduced in TamilNadu from the border area of Karnataka during early 1960. Now TamilNadu Stands number one in Bivoltine Silk production in India.

12. November 8, 2011 Common name Scientific name family Main host Mulbery silk worm Bombyx mori bombycidae mulberry Eri silk worm (domesticated) Phylosamia ricini saturnidae castor Eri silk worm (wild) Pylosamia synthia saturnidae castor Chiness tassar silk worm (wild) Antheraea perni saturnidae Oak & other allied species Japaness tassar silk worm(wild) Antheraea yamamai saturnidae Oak & other allied species Indian tassar silk worm (wild) Antheraea mylitta saturnidae terminalia Muga silk worm Antheraea assama saturnidae Som(michillis bombicina)

13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SILK WORMS IN INDIA Mulberry silk Eri silk Tasar silk Muga silk November 8, 2011

14. November 8, 2011 Host plant is mulbery plant Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Bombycidae Genus: Bombyx Species: B. mori Binomial name Bombyx mori

15. November 8, 2011 Host plant is castor Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Saturniidae Subfamily: Saturniinae Genus: Samia Species: S. cynthia Binomial name Samia cynthia

16. November 8, 2011 Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Saturniidae Genus: Antheraea

17. November 8, 2011 Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Saturniidae Subfamily: Saturniinae Tribe: Saturniini Genus: Antheraea Species: A. assamensis Binomial name Antheraea assamensis

18. November 8, 2011 TYPES OF SILK 2007-08 2008-09 PROUDUCTION (MT) SHARE (%) PROUDUCTION (MT) SHARE (%) MULBERRY 16245 88.7 15610 85.0 ERI 1530 08.4 2038 11.1 TASSAR 428 02.3 593 03.3 MUGA 117 00.6 119 00.6 TOTAL 18320 100 18360 100

19. SERICULTURE MAP OF INDIA November 8, 2011

20. November 8, 2011 BY RAJA