This presentation is primarily based on an article Titled "Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect: New Insights from Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging" by Argye E Hillis., Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(12 Suppl 2):S43-9.
Aim of this presenattaion was to give an insight to my students about Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial neglect
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
Brunnstrom Approach
Brunnstrom's Approach (SIGNE BRUNNSTROM)
Objectives: ➢ Discuss the concepts and principles underlying Brunnstrom’s approach ➢ Brunnstrom recovery stages ➢ Treatment principles & techniques
★ Brunnstrom’s approach was developed by the physical therapist from Sweden in the early 1950’s
★ Brunnstrom used motor control theory and observations of the patients'
★ Procedure: In a “trial & error” fashion ★ Later modified: in light of neurophysiological knowledge
Introduction: Reflex Theory Movement is controlled by stimulus-response. Reflexes are the basis for movement: reflexes are combined into actions that create behavior. Hierarchical Theory Characterized by a top-down structure, in which higher centers are always in charge of lower centers.
● When the CNS is injured, as, in a cerebrovascular accident, an individual goes through an “evolution in reverse”. Movement becomes primitive, reflexive, and automatic.
● Changes in tone and the presence of reflexes are considered a normal process of recovery.
● Movement recovery tends to be stereotypic.
● Patients exhibit only a few stereotypic movement patterns: Basic Limb Synergies.
● Based on observations of recovery following a stroke, this approach makes use of associated reactions, tonic reflexes, and the development of basic limb synergies to facilitate movements.
● The use of such a procedure is temporary.
Basic Limb Synergies:
● Normal synergistic movements are purposeful movements with maximum precision and minimum waste of energy.
● Basic limb synergy (BLS) does not permit the different combinations of muscles.
● BLS is considered primitive, automatic, and reflexive due to loss of inhibitory control from higher centers.
● Mass movement patterns in response to a stimulus or voluntary effort both Gross flexor movement (Flexor Synergy) Gross extensor movement (Extensor Synergy) Combination of the strongest component of the synergies (Mixed Synergy)
● Appear during the early spastic period of recovery
Upper Limb Flexor Synergy: Scapula: Retraction / Elevation Shoulder: Abduction and External rotation Elbow: Flexion Forearm: Supination Wrist and Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Extensor Synergy: Pelvis: posterior tilt Hip: Extension, Adduction & Internal rotation Knee: Extension Ankle: Plantarflexion Toes: Flexion Upper Limb Extensor Synergy: Scapula: Protraction / Depression Shoulder: Adduction and Internal rotation Elbow: Extension Forearm: Pronation Wrist: Extension Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Flexor Synergy: Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: Flexion, Abduction & External rotation Knee: Flexion Ankle: Dorsiflexion Toes: Extension
Upper Limb Mixed Synergy: Scapula retraction Shoulder add.+IR Elbow flexion Forearm pronation Wrist & fingers flexion Lower Limb Mixed Synergy: Pelvis post tilt hip add.+IR Knee extension Ankle & toes plantarflexion
Rubrospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
Associated Reactions
Primitive Reflexes
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
Brunnstrom Approach
Brunnstrom's Approach (SIGNE BRUNNSTROM)
Objectives: ➢ Discuss the concepts and principles underlying Brunnstrom’s approach ➢ Brunnstrom recovery stages ➢ Treatment principles & techniques
★ Brunnstrom’s approach was developed by the physical therapist from Sweden in the early 1950’s
★ Brunnstrom used motor control theory and observations of the patients'
★ Procedure: In a “trial & error” fashion ★ Later modified: in light of neurophysiological knowledge
Introduction: Reflex Theory Movement is controlled by stimulus-response. Reflexes are the basis for movement: reflexes are combined into actions that create behavior. Hierarchical Theory Characterized by a top-down structure, in which higher centers are always in charge of lower centers.
● When the CNS is injured, as, in a cerebrovascular accident, an individual goes through an “evolution in reverse”. Movement becomes primitive, reflexive, and automatic.
● Changes in tone and the presence of reflexes are considered a normal process of recovery.
● Movement recovery tends to be stereotypic.
● Patients exhibit only a few stereotypic movement patterns: Basic Limb Synergies.
● Based on observations of recovery following a stroke, this approach makes use of associated reactions, tonic reflexes, and the development of basic limb synergies to facilitate movements.
● The use of such a procedure is temporary.
Basic Limb Synergies:
● Normal synergistic movements are purposeful movements with maximum precision and minimum waste of energy.
● Basic limb synergy (BLS) does not permit the different combinations of muscles.
● BLS is considered primitive, automatic, and reflexive due to loss of inhibitory control from higher centers.
● Mass movement patterns in response to a stimulus or voluntary effort both Gross flexor movement (Flexor Synergy) Gross extensor movement (Extensor Synergy) Combination of the strongest component of the synergies (Mixed Synergy)
● Appear during the early spastic period of recovery
Upper Limb Flexor Synergy: Scapula: Retraction / Elevation Shoulder: Abduction and External rotation Elbow: Flexion Forearm: Supination Wrist and Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Extensor Synergy: Pelvis: posterior tilt Hip: Extension, Adduction & Internal rotation Knee: Extension Ankle: Plantarflexion Toes: Flexion Upper Limb Extensor Synergy: Scapula: Protraction / Depression Shoulder: Adduction and Internal rotation Elbow: Extension Forearm: Pronation Wrist: Extension Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Flexor Synergy: Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: Flexion, Abduction & External rotation Knee: Flexion Ankle: Dorsiflexion Toes: Extension
Upper Limb Mixed Synergy: Scapula retraction Shoulder add.+IR Elbow flexion Forearm pronation Wrist & fingers flexion Lower Limb Mixed Synergy: Pelvis post tilt hip add.+IR Knee extension Ankle & toes plantarflexion
Rubrospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
Associated Reactions
Primitive Reflexes
“The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.”
Neuroplasticity includes :
- Habituation
- Learning & memory
- Cellular recovery after injury
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
How to Prevent and Treat Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke?Techcare Innovation
Shoulder subluxation is a common post-stroke complication affecting up to 80% of the stroke patients. In this sharing session, Ms. Yvonne will share the proven physio exercises and tips on how to prevent and treat shoulder subluxation after stroke.
Webinar Link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvDoEeaRzYk
Speaker : Ms. Yvonne Khor, Senior Physiotherapist
Ms. Yvonne is a senior physiotherapist as well as the founder of YK Natural Physio & Academy. She has a Master in Rehabilitation Technology and has 8 years of experience in physiotherapy field including treating stroke patients, Parkinson patient, sports patients, etc.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
این ارائه توسط دکتر خیاط زاده در کارگاه رویکرد جدید بوبات در توانبخشی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی ارائه گردیده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه، به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه نمایید.
https://www.farvardin-group.com
Hemispatial neglect, its symptoms, causes, location in brain, and utility in the study of attentive vs pre-attentive visual processing.
You really need the notes below the slides to understand what they are about, so I'm gonna try to a write-up of it on my website
“The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.”
Neuroplasticity includes :
- Habituation
- Learning & memory
- Cellular recovery after injury
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
How to Prevent and Treat Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke?Techcare Innovation
Shoulder subluxation is a common post-stroke complication affecting up to 80% of the stroke patients. In this sharing session, Ms. Yvonne will share the proven physio exercises and tips on how to prevent and treat shoulder subluxation after stroke.
Webinar Link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvDoEeaRzYk
Speaker : Ms. Yvonne Khor, Senior Physiotherapist
Ms. Yvonne is a senior physiotherapist as well as the founder of YK Natural Physio & Academy. She has a Master in Rehabilitation Technology and has 8 years of experience in physiotherapy field including treating stroke patients, Parkinson patient, sports patients, etc.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
این ارائه توسط دکتر خیاط زاده در کارگاه رویکرد جدید بوبات در توانبخشی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی ارائه گردیده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه، به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه نمایید.
https://www.farvardin-group.com
Hemispatial neglect, its symptoms, causes, location in brain, and utility in the study of attentive vs pre-attentive visual processing.
You really need the notes below the slides to understand what they are about, so I'm gonna try to a write-up of it on my website
This presentation provides a general introduction to neuroanatomy after cerebral hemispherectomy, a procedure where half the brain is removed to stop intractable epilepsy that originates from one side of the brain. Topics include potential of the remaining hemisphere, cortical plasticity, clinical presentation of hemiparesis due to innervation by only the ipsilateral corticospinal tract, life span impairments. Various case studies discussed.
Presented at the Combined Section Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association
February 2014
By: Dr. Stella de Bode, Ph.D. Chief Science Officer, The Brain Recovery Project
Nisha Pagan, PT, DPT, NCS, PCS, Owner Wholehearted Pediatric Physical Therapy
Delivery of electrical current to a specific subcortical grey matter target to stimulate a desired group of nerve cells which results in specific modulation the output of the involved neurocirciut.
Learn more in how the brain functions and how important physical therapy is for recovery.
The basis of neuro rehabilitation.
Brain has an incredible adaptation capacity and here you'll know just how to...explore it
Occupational Therapy Management for Parkinson's Disease - Webinar 2024Phinoj K Abraham
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- Comprehensive OT interventions: Discover evidence-based occupational therapy approaches for managing PD symptoms, including "what," "when," and "how" to implement them.
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Post Stroke Upper Extremity Rehabilitation - A Clinical PerspectivePhinoj K Abraham
Guest Speak at 3rd Annual national conference of Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNRCON 2015) at Mumbai by Phinoj K. Abraham, Neuro Occupational Therapy on "Post Stroke Upper Extremity rehabilitation - A Clinical Perspective"
For Video: http://youtu.be/uCnwdzLtPSQ
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BOT New Modified Syllabus & Regulations_TN Dr. MGR Medical Universisty, Chenn...Phinoj K Abraham
Finally find out today...!!
Dear all,
Herewith I am attaching our 'BOT syllabus' (Full, neat copy..!!) (TN Dr. MGR Medical University_New Modified Regulations & Syllabus (Semester) Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (B.O.T)) I hope this may be helpful for some of us during various academic credential evaluation..!!
This presentation was prepared for educating the patients with stroke and their caregivers about the role of Occupational Therapy in stroke. It gives a very BRIEF over view about OT in stroke rehabilitation
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2. Key Article
“Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial
Neglect: New Insights from
Magnetic Resonance Perfusion
Imaging”
Argye E Hillis., Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(12 Suppl 2):S43-9.
2
3. Overview
• Introduction & Background
• Heterogeneity(types) of Unilateral Neglect (USN)
• Management of USN
• Fluctuation in neglect severity after stroke
3
4. Introduction
• USN- often a tremendous challenge to
rehabilitation professionals
• Contributors of this challenges
1. Anosognosia (failure to recognize deficits)
2. Anosodiaphoria (Lack of concern regarding
defecits) & denile
3. Heterogeneity of the condition
4. Fluctuation in neglect severity after stroke
4
5. Heterogeneity of USN
• Authors vary considerably in dividing this syndrome
• Near Vs. Far neglect
• Intentional Vs. Attentional neglect
• Visual Vs. Motor / Tactile Neglect
• Personal Vs. Peripersonal Neglect
• Viewer centered (Egocentric) Vs. Stimuli Centered
(Allocentric) neglect
• Motor Vs. Premotor Neglect
• So Much….??!!
5
6. From this we can understand that…
• Unilateral neglect is a heterogeneous
syndrome with several subtypes.
• It’s possible that many distinct disorders
have been inaccurately lumped
So I Thought to
do little more
together under a single label
literature search
• It appears that impairments of several
different mechanisms converge to
result in neglect
6
7. Classification
• Despite the previously mentioned limitations, we
may loosely describe unilateral neglect with four
overlapping variables:
• Type
• Range
• axis and
• orientation.
Ref: Wikipedia
But No Cross Ref..!!
7
9. Type Contd…
• The neglect of input,
• “Attentional” or “visual-perceptual”neglect 1
• Ignoring contralesional sights, sounds, smells, or
tactile stimuli.
• Patients may have “representational neglect,”2
patients may ignore the left side of memories,
dreams, and hallucinations.
1. Neurobiology of Unilateral Neglect NEUROSCIENTIST 12(2):153–163, 2006.
2. Ste´phanie Ortigue, MS et al 2001 Ann Neurol 2001;50:401–404
9
10. Type Contd…
• Output Neglect
• Motor Neglect1
• Patient does not use a contralesional limb despite the
neuromuscular ability to do so.
• Premotor /Intentional Neglect or directional
hypokinesia1
• Patient can move unaffected limbs ably in ipsilateral
space, but has difficulty directing them into
contralesional space
1. Neurobiology of Unilateral Neglect NEUROSCIENTIST 12(2):153–163, 2006.
10
11. B. Range
• Range in terms of what the patient neglects
Range
Egocentric
Allocentric
11
12. C. Axis
• Most tests for neglect look for rightward or leftward
errors.
• But patients may also neglect stimuli on one side of a
horizontal or radial axis.
• For example, when asked to circle all the stars on a
printed page, they may locate targets on both the left
and right sides of the page while ignoring those
across the top or bottom.
12
15. Egocentric Vs. Allocentric Neglect
• Based on the ‘distinction between reference frame of
USN’
• Egocentric also called as viewer centered N.
• “neglect of the contraleisional side of the view of the
patient”
• Allocentric also called as Stimulus Centered N.
• “Neglect of contralesional side of each stimulus in the
view”
• Some patient can have both type of neglect together
15
17. Neuro-anatomic Evidence
• STUDY 1 - Hillis AE et, al., 2000
• Authors Concluded that
• Viewer Centered neglect
strongly associated with
Hypoperfusion and/infarct of
1. Right angular gyrus
2. Right supra marginal gyrus &
3. Right visual association cortex
17
18. Neuro-anatomic Evidence Contd…
• Stimuli Centered neglect
strongly associated with
Hypoperfusion
and/infarct of
1. Superior temporal
gyrus
18
Hillis AE et,al., 2000
19. Neuro-anatomic Evidence Contd…
• STUDY 2 - Ota et al., 2001
• Left viewer centered
neglect was associated
with hypoperfusion of Rt
Viewer Centered USN
angular gyrus
• Stimulus centerd N – with
Rt superior temporal gyrus
19
Stimulus Centered USN
20. Neuro-anatomic Evidence Contd…
• STUDY 3 Corbetta & Shulman proposed that,
• spatial neglect requires damage or dysfunction of 2
separate attentional mechanisms with different
localizations:
1. a top-down, spatially specific attentional
mechanism in left or right intraparietal sulcus
(dorsal parietal), biased toward attending to space
in the opposite visual field or space defined by the
midline of the trunk and
20
21. Neuro-anatomic Evidence Contd…
2) a bottom-up attentional mechanism devoted to
reshifting of attention toward a stimulus on either side
of space, located in right ventral parietal (angular gyrus
- temporoparietal junction).
• On this hypothesis, USN is more common after right
hemisphere stroke than left-hemisphere stroke,
because a single lesion can affect both mechanisms
only in the right hemisphere
21
23. Principles of Rx
• Rehabilitation for viewer-centered USN should focus on
both
1. shifting attention further to the left of the viewer
and
2. increasing the sustained attention and the size of the
viewer centered attentional window or work space.
• Rehabilitation of stimulus-centered USN should focus on
shifting attention further to the left of stimuli or
increasing the size of the stimulus centered attentional
window.
23
24. Treatment of Egocentric USN
A. Rx methods to shift attention further to the
left of the viewer
1. Prism Adaptation
2. Caloric Stimulation
3. Trans cranial magnetic stimulation
4. Vibrationa Stimulation on the posterior neck
24
26. 2. Caloric Stimulation
• The caloric stimulation
procedure involved irrigating
the external ear canal with iced
water until subjects reported
vertigo and examiners
observed nystagmus.
• It can also induce a temporary
remission ofhemispatial neglect
26
Steven M. Miller et al 2000
27. 3. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
• By Kinsburne 1970
• Posited that, each hemisphere spatial attention mechanism
in each dorsal parietal cortex inhibited by the other hemisphere
• In normal brain tendency to rightward orienting supported
by the left hemisphere.
• Right hemisphere lesions determine left neglect by
exaggerating this physiologic rightward bias.
• Left hemisphere lesions would only rarely provoke right neglect
because they release a right hemisphere attentional vector,
which is less powerful than the left one
Paolo Bartolomeo, MD 1999
27
29. 3. TMS Contd…
• Researches showed that,
• In right brain-damaged patients, left frontal
TMS (trans cranial magnetic stimulation) would
interfere with a hypothetical left frontal–right
parietal inhibition vector, with the net effect of
a right parietal disinhibition and consequent
partial restoration of left extinctions (black
arrow in the previous picture).
29
30. 4. Vibration
• Vibratory stimulation of the posterior neck
muscles has also been shown to improve USN.
(Brighina F et al 2003)
• This intervention would ameliorate
egocentric,rather than allocentric, neglect
(Bottini G et al 2001)
30
31. B. Rx methods to improve
sustained attention
• Pharmacological Intervention
• Noradrenergic pathway stimulating drugs like
‘guanficine’
• Need Further research in this area Argye E Hillis 2006
31
33. Treatment of Allocentric USN
• By increasing the size of “Attentional window”
• In their single case study Hillis AE et al found out that
• the size of the “attentional window” for stimulus
recognition was increased by presenting large circles in
the same block of trials with small circles with leftsided or right-sided targets (gaps).
• Improved detection of left-sided targets in the small
circles (butnot in the large circles) was achieved when
large circles were presented in the same block of trials.
• It was hypothesized that this improvement was due to
increasing the size of the attentional window with the
larger circles.
Cortex. 1999 Jun;35(3):433-42.
33
34. Effect of various Rehab
strategies' in the Mx of USN
• Prisam Adaptation
• rTMS
• Caloric stimulation
Vibration
+
Several days
Few Weeks
2 months – 1.5 years
• Need more research to further comment on this
point Argye E Hillis 2006
34
36. Fluctuations in Neglect
Severity after Stroke
• Cause:
• The main mechanisms underlying fluctuation
in neglect is change in blood flow
(hypoperfusion)
36
37. Management - Summery
• In Acute Stage
• Earlier (in acute stage) medical management for
increasing blood circulation is has a great
effectiveness.
• In Chronic Stage
• Prism adaptation, rTMS, caloric stimulation, and
vibrotactile stimulation may be effective in more sub
acute or chronic stages of stroke.
37
38. Conclusion
• Damage or dysfunction of right angular gyrus and intraparietal
sulcus respectively lead to an abnormal shift of attention to the
right of the viewer and reduced vigilance or attentional window.
Together, these deficits cause left viewer-centered neglect.
• In contrast, damage or dysfunction of right superiortemporal
cortex seems to cause left stimulus-centered neglect.
• reperfusion therapy to improve blood perfusion to brain is likely
to have an effect only in the acute stage of stroke.
• prism adaptation, rTMS, caloric stimulation, and vibrotactile
stimulation may be effective in more subacute or chronic stages
of stroke.
38
39. References
• Scientific Articles
• ARGYE E. HILLIS Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect: New insights from
magnetic resonance perfusion imaging Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(12 Suppl
2):S43-9
• Pisella et al., 2006 Prism adaptation in the rehabilitation of patients with visuospatial cognitive disorders Laure Curr Opin Neurol 19:000–000. 2006 Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
• Steven M. Miller Trung T. Ngo., Studies of caloric vestibular stimulation: implications
for the cognitive neurosciences, the clinical neurosciences and Neurophilosophy Acta
Neuropsychiatrica 2007: 19: 183–203
• ARGYE E. HILLIS Neurobiology of Unilateral Spatial Neglect NEUROSCIENTIST
12(2):153–163, 2006
• Paolo Bartolomeo, et al., ; Left unilateral neglect or Right hyperattention?
NEUROLOGY 1999;53:2023–2027
• Oliveri M et al. Theoretical frame of a possible pattern of left- and right-hemisphere
contributions to the overall neural representation of egocentric space. Brain
1999;122:1731-1739
• Hillis AE, Mordkoff JT, Caramazza A. Mechanisms of spatial attention revealed by
hemispatial neglect. Cortex. 1999 Jun;35(3):433-42.
• Web Resources
• Hemi lateral Neglect http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispatial_neglect on 03-08-12
• Caloric reflex test http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_reflex_test on 03-08-12
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