This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux was developed as an alternative to expensive UNIX operating systems and as a free software project. The document outlines the history from the GNU project in 1984 to Linus Torvalds developing the initial Linux kernel in 1991. It describes how Linux is now widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and desktop computers. The key advantages of Linux discussed are that it is free, open source, powerful, stable, and secure.

1. LINUX
By
M.KENNEDY

2. Operating System
• OS is the interface between
hardware and user.
• It manages the computer's
memory, processes, and all of it
software and hardware.
• Most popular OS are Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS X , and
Linux.

3. Before Linux
• In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was the dominated OS for PC
• Apple MAC was better, but expensive
• UNIX was much better, but much, much more
expensive. Only for minicomputer for commercial
applications
• People was looking for a UNIX based system, which is
cheaper and can run on PC.

4. GNU PROJECT
• Established in 1984 by Richard Stallman
• GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”
• Aim at developing a complete Unix-like operating
system which is free for copying and modification
• Stallman built the first free GNU C Compiler in 1991.
But still, an OS was yet to be developed

5. BEGINNING OF LINUX
• In Sept 1991, Linus Torvalds, a second year student
of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki,
developed the preliminary kernel of Linux, known as
Linux version 0.0.1
• Basically a kernel, it was combined with the various
software and compilers from GNU Project to form an
OS, called GNU/Linux

6. LINUX TODAY
• Linux has been used for many computing platforms
• PC, Supercomputer
• As of November 2014, 97% of the world's 500 fastest
supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including the top
80.
• Some of the popular linux distros are Debian, Ubuntu, Linux
Mint, Fedora, openSUSE, Arch Linux, and the commercial Red
Hat Enterprise Linux.

7. LINUX-FREE SOFTWARE
• Free software, as defined by the FSF (Free Software
Foundation), is a "matter of liberty, not price." To
qualify as free software by FSF standards, you must
be able to:
• Run the program for any purpose you want to, rather
than be restricted in what you can use it for.
• Share the program with others.
• Improve the program and release those
improvements so that others can use them.

8. LINUX SOFTWARES
• Red Hat Linux : One of the original Linux distribution.
• The commercial, nonfree version is Red Hat
Enterprise Linux, which is aimed at big companies
using Linux servers and desktops in a big way
• Debian GNU/Linux : A free software distribution.
Popular for use on servers
• Gentoo Linux : Gentoo is a specialty distribution
meant for programmers

9. UBUNTU
• Ubuntu is a free Linux distros
• Ubuntu is reliable and stable.
• Ubuntu is the distribution with the biggest software
repositories.
• Ubuntu has a good hardware support for most
available companies.
• Ubuntu have a lot of variants (Kubuntu, Xubuntu,
Edubuntu, Goubuntu, MIDI Ubuntu).

10. Linux User Interface
• Can be controlled through command-line (CLI) or
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• GUI run through Desktop Environments (DE)
• The GUI interface is easy-to-use and much like that of
Windows and Mac OSX
• The CLI is similar to that of UNIX

11. LINUX DESKTOP
• Linux is desktop computer ready
• Large number of distros targeted at Desktop
users are available
• Linux desktop distros come with many
commonly used pre-installed softwares
• The modern Linux interface is user-friendly
and makes the interaction with computer easy

12. LINUX DESKTOP

13. Running Windows software on Linux
• It is possible to install/run Windows software on Linux
• Wine helps run a wide range of Windows applications.
• Cedega helps run huge number of Windows games
flawlessly.

14. Linux on Embedded Systems
• Operating systems based on the Linux kernel
– mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets,
– personal digital assistants(PDAs)
– portable media players.
– smart TVs, networking equipment (such as wireless
routers),
– machine control
– industrial automation

15. Linux on Servers and Supercomputers
• Linux is the most used OS on servers
• 5 out of 10 reliable web hosting companies use Linux
• Linux is the cornerstone of the LAMP server-software
combination (Linux, Apache, MySQL,
Perl/PHP/Python) which has achieved popularity
among developers
• Out of top 500 supercomputers, Linux is deployed on
426 of them

16. Why should you use Linux?
• Powerful
• Users like its speed and stability
• No requirement for latest hardware
• It’s “free”
• Linux consumes lesser system resources
• Crashes or freezes are not prevalent in Linux
• Linux does not need defragmentation
• Linux can run on older hardware
• Open source.

17. Open Source Software
• Open Source Software is computer software with its source code made
available with a license.
• The underlying source code may be used, modified by anyone under
licenses such as the GNU General Public License.

18. SECURITY
• Security has always been the number one
priority with Linux
• Linux has a robust security system
• There is no viruses for the Linux platform.

19. CONCLUSION
Linux takes a lot of practice, but overall it is a good operating
system, very secure , customizable and its Open Source
Windows is good for everything. But Linux is best as a server
operating system.

20. THANK YOU