The document discusses the history and features of the Linux operating system. It notes that Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki. Torvalds released the Linux source code publicly, allowing thousands of developers to contribute to its growth. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides many of the same functions as proprietary systems like Windows and macOS, including user interfaces, task management, and support for various hardware devices.

1. Linux Sunawar Khan
Operating
System

2. Operating System, Definition
“ The master control program that runs the
computer. It is the first program loaded
when the computer is turned on”
 Functions Performed by an OS are:
User Interface
Task Management
Data Management
Device Management
Security
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3. Examples of Operating
Systems
 DOS (Disk Operating System)
 Windows ( 95 , 98 , Me , 2000 , XP ,
Vista)
 Unix ( OpenBSD, Free BSD , Solaris)
 Macintosh ( Mac OS X)
 Windows CE ( Compact Edition)
 Symbian OS
&
 Linux
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4. History of Linux
 Developed by “Linus Torvalds” a
student of “University of Helsinki” in
“1991”
 Torvalds put Linux Source Code on
Internet.
 Developers showed interest and Linux
started to grow.
 Still thousands of developers are
programming Linux and Software for
Linux using Internet.
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5. History of Linux (Contd.)
Linus Torvalds & Linux Symbol
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6. Why the name Linux?
 Linux was made as a free and Open
Source version of Unix.
 And it was developed by Linus
Torvalds
 So
 Linus + Unix = Linux
 Linux is pronounced many ways, and
all of them are correct.
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7. What is Linux
 Linux
A Unix like computer
operating system assembled
under the model of free and
open source software
development and distribution.
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8. Distributions of Linux Today
 Red Hat Linux
 Fodora ( new name of Red Hat)
 Mandrake
 SuSe
 Mandriva
 Caldera
 Debian
 & many more because every one can
develop a version.
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9. Open source software
 GNU
 General Public License.
Typically Linux is packaged
in a format
 such as a Linux
distribution for desktop and
server use.
 Some popular mainstream
Linux distributions
include Debian (and its
derivatives such
as Ubuntu), Fedora and op
en
Suse.
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10. Linux is free and open source
software
 The development of
Linux is one of the
most prominent
examples of free and
open source
software collaboration:
 The underlying source
code may be used,
modified, and
distributed
commercially or non
commercially by
anyone under licenses
.
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11. Linux Supported Platforms
 Linux can run every where from Hand
Held devices to Super Computers
 Some of Nokia N-Series Mobiles use
a Compact Version of Linux.
 Most of the Supper Computers today
run Linux Operating System.
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12. Distributions Rating
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13. Linux Design
 Linux Supports all the commands of Unix
using various Command Shells.
 Linux Now also supports Graphical User
Interfaces.
 Unlike Windows , we can change the
look and feel of Linux the way we want.
 We have an Option of Windowing
Environment, Like:
◦ KDE ( K Desktop Environment)
◦ Gnome
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14. Linux Desktop
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15. Linux Desktop
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16. Uses of Linux
 Linux is Used mostly as a Web Server
Operating System , due to it’s stability
and reliablity.
 “Google” runs Linux on it’s more than
ten thousand Web Servers.
 Now a days with the help of
Commercial Packages such a
RedHat’s Fedora Core 8 Linux can be
used for desktop computers.
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17. Linux as a Desktop Operating
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System
 X Windows System for
displaying Graphics.
 Mozilla Fire Fox ( web browser)
 Open Office .Org , a free
replacement for Microsoft
Office.
 XMMS ( Multimedia Player)
 GIMP ( Image Editing)
 & thousands of applications
with all major distributions like
Fedora Core 8.

18. Wine
 A major attraction of Windows
Operating System is Games , it
supports:
 Commandos
 Fifa
 Cricket
 Age of Empires etc.
 Wine now allows to run Windows
Games and Other Software
Developed for Windows to run on
Linux.
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19. Linux for Programmers
 Plenty of Tools to program in:
 GCC ( A C/C++ and Java Compiler)
 QT ( allows developing GUI
applications)
 KDevelop ( Like Microsoft Visual
Studio)
 Quanta Plus ( Web Development Tool)
 Emacs ( Best ever source code editor)
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20. Some Comparison Between
Linux and Microsoft Windows.
 Windows Linux
 Microsoft Office open office
.org
 Visual Studio Kdevelop
 DirectX OpenGL
 Windows Installer RPM
 Internet Explorer Mozilla fire fox
 Full of Viruses virus free
 Mostly Crashes Never crashes
 Only on PCs On all
computers
 Windows Media Player XMMS
 Adobe Photoshop GIMP
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21. Cost Comparison between Linux and
Windows OS / Products
 Windows
Windows 7 Pro. (Rs.17,000)
Windows Server 2008 (Rs. 85,000)
Microsoft Office 2007 (Rs.27,900)
Visual Studio 2008 Pro. (Rs. 51,000)
MSDN 2008 Pro. (Rs. 50,000)
SQL Server 2008 EE (Rs.21,20,000)
3d Studio Max (RS. 510,000)
Adobe Photoshop (Rs. 42,500)
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 Linux
Fedora Core 8 (Free)
RedHat Enterprise Edition 5 (Free)
Open Office.Org (Free)
Kdevelop + GCC (Free)
Unix Man Pages (Free)
My SQL ( Free)
Blender 3d (Free)
GIMP 2.5 (Free)
 Price Listings are according to Microsoft Web Site.
 Linux Tools are equal in functionality or some times even
better than that of Windows.
 In Pakistan,We don’t know actual prices of Microsoft Products
and other commercial products because we purchase pirated
software.
 We pay Rs30 which is price of CD not that of software.

22. The End
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