This document provides information about various Linux distributions including their release dates, founders, code names and other key details. It discusses popular distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, Debian and others, noting their histories and design philosophies. Release schedules and version codenames are outlined for several distributions, showing how they follow naming conventions related to alphabetical order, animals or characters from the Toy Story movies.

1. PHISHING

2. 1)
•Information About Linux
•Answering The Questions Who, Where and When
2)
•Different Linux Distribution
•Their Code Name
3)
•Advantages of Linux
•Why Is Linus Better Tan Other Operating System

3.  Linux is a Unix-like, open source and
community-developed operating system for
computers, servers, mainframes, mobile
devices and embedded devices. It is
supported on almost every major computer
platform including x86, ARM and SPARC,
making it one of the most widely supported
operating systems.

4. The Logo of the Linux
>TUX is the penguin
mascot for Linux
>Created by Larry
Ewing
>Its name is said to
be a portmanteau of
Torvalds UniX

5.  Linus Torvalds- While studying computer
science at University of Helsinki, Linus
Torvalds began a project that later became
the Linux kernel. He wrote the program
specifically for the hardware he was using
and independent of an operating system
because he wanted to use the functions of
his new PC with an 80386 processor.

6. September 17, 1991
Latest Released; June 25,
2019 (5.1.15)
Latest Preview; June 29,
2019 (5.2-rc7)

7. License; GPLv2 with optional
binary blobs
Developer; Linus Torvalds and
thousands of collaborators
Written in; C, Assembly language

8.  Every version of the Linux operating system
manages hardware resources, launches and
handles applications, and provides some form
of user interface. The enormous development
community and wide range of distributions
means that a Linux version is available for
almost any task, and Linux has penetrated
many areas of computing.

9. For example, Linux has emerged as a
popular operating system for web
servers such as Apache, as well as
for network operations, scientific
computing tasks that require huge
compute clusters, running databases,
desktop/endpoint computing and
running mobile devices with OS
versions like Android.

10.  The Linux operating system follows a modular
design that is the key to its many variations
and distributions. A bootloader is responsible
for starting the Linux kernel. The kernel is at
the core of the Linux system, handling
network access, scheduling processes or
applications, managing basic peripheral
devices, and overseeing file system services.

11.  But it is really the many outside developers
and GNU projects that offer high-level
functions to the Linux kernel to provide a fully
realized operating system. For example, there
are modules to provide a command line
interface, implement a graphical user
interface, manage security, offer video input
or audio services and many others -- each of
which can be modified and optimized to form
unique distributions for specific tasks.

12. Package manager software
typically adds, updates or
removes software components
under the Linux operating system.
Examples of package managers
include dpkg, OpenPKG, RPM
Package Manager and Zero
Install.

13.  Linux is the best-known and most-
used open source operating system. As
an operating system, Linux is software
that sits underneath all of the other
software on a computer, receiving
requests from those programs and
relaying these requests to the computer's
hardware.

14. There are 7

15. The software that manages the
boot process of your computer.
For most users, this will simply
be a splash screen that pops up
and eventually goes away to boot
into the operating system.

16. This is the one piece of the whole
that is actually called “Linux”. The
kernel is the core of the system and
manages the CPU, memory, and
peripheral devices. The kernel is the
“lowest” level of the OS.

17. These are background
services (printing, sound,
scheduling, etc) that either
start up during boot, or after
you log into the desktop.

18. This is the sub-system that
displays the graphics on
your monitor. It is
commonly referred to as
the X server or just “X”.

19.  This is the piece of the puzzle that the users
actually interact with. There are many
desktop environments to choose from (Unity,
GNOME, Cinnamon, Enlightenment, KDE,
XFCE, etc). Each desktop environment
includes built-in applications (such as file
managers, configuration tools, web browsers,
games, etc).

20.  You’ve probably heard mention of the Linux
command line. This is the shell – a command
process that allows you to control the computer
via commands typed into a text interface. This is
what, at one time, scared people away from Linux
the most (assuming they had to learn a seemingly
archaic command line structure to make Linux
work). This is no longer the case. With modern
desktop Linux, there is no need to ever touch the
command line.

21.  Desktop environments do not offer the full array of apps.
Just like Windows and Mac, Linux offers thousands upon
thousands of high-quality software titles that can be
easily found and installed. Most modern Linux
distributions (more on this in a moment) include App
Store-like tools that centralize and simplify application
installation. For example: Ubuntu Linux has the Ubuntu
Software Center (Figure 1) which allows you to quickly
search among the thousands of apps and install them
from one centralized location.

22.  The advantage over operating systems such
as Windows is that security flaws are caught
before they become an issue for the public.
Because Linux does not dominate the market
like Windows, there are some disadvantages
to using the operating system. First, it's more
difficult to find applications to support your
needs.

23.  Another advantage of Linux is that it can
operate on a much wider range of hardware
than most other operating systems. ...
Microsoft Windows is still the most widely
used family of computer operating systems.
However, Linux offers also some important
advantages over them, and thus its worldwide
growth rate is much faster.

24. Hundreds of different
Linux versions, also
known as
DISTRIBUTIONS which is
available today.

25. AND ITS LOGO &
OTHER DATA

26. Ubuntu
First Released; October
20, 2004
Latest Released; April
18, 2019
Founder; Mike
Shuttleworth
>It was exposed in three
editions: Desktop, Server
and Core

27. VERSION DATE RELEASED CODE NAMES
4.10 October 20, 2004 Warty Warthog
5.04 April 8,2005 Hoary Hedgehog
5.10 October 12, 2005 Breezy Badger
6.06 LTS June 1, 2006 Dapper Drake
6.10 October 26, 2006 Edgy Eft
7.04 April 19, 2007 Feisty Fawn
7.10 October 18, 2007 Gusty Gibbon
8.04 April 24, 2008 Hardy Heron
8.10 October 30, 2008 Intrepid Ibex

28. Ubuntu releases are also given code
names, using an adjective and an
animal with the same first letter - an
alliteration (e.g. Dapper Drake). With
the exception of the first two
releases, code names are in
alphabetical order, allowing a quick
determination of which release is
newer.

29. Arch Linux
First Released; March 11,
2002
Latest Released; June 1,
2019
Founder; Aaron Griffin and
Others
>Arch Linux is composed of
free, open-source and non
free software, and supports
community involvement.

30. Fedora
First Released; November 6, 2003
Latest Released; April 29, 2019
Founder; Fedora Project (Sponsored by
Red Hat)
>Fedora contains software distributed
under various free and open
source licenses and aims to be on the
leading edge of such
technologies. Fedora is
the upstream source of the
commercial Red Hat Enterprise
Linux distribution.

31. VERSION DATE RELEASED CODE NAMES
Fedora Core 1 November 5 ,2003 Yarrow
Fedora Core 2 May 18 ,2004 Tettnang
Fedora Core 3 November 8 ,2004 Heidelberg
Fedora Core 4 June 13 ,2005 Stentz
Fedora Core 5 May 20 ,2006 Bordeaux
Fedora Core 6 October 24 ,2006 Zod
Fedora 7 May 31 ,2007 Moonshine
Fedora 8 November 8 ,2007 Werewolf
Fedora 9 May 13 ,2008 Sulphur

32. Kubuntu
First Released; April 8, 2005
Latest Released; April 18, 2019
Founder; Community-Driven,
previously Blue Systems
>Kubuntu" is a registered
trademark held by Canonical. It is
derived from the name Ubuntu,
prefixing a K to represent
the KDE Platform Kubuntu is built
upon

33. Bodhi Linux
First Released; March 26,
2011
Latest Released; August 22,
2018
Founder; Bodhi Linux Team
>Bodhi Linux is a lightweight
Linux distribution based
on Ubuntu that uses the
Moksha window manager

34. Deepin
First Released; February 28,
2004
Latest Released; July 5, 2019
Founder; Wuhan Deepin
Technology Co, Ltd.
> is an open source operating
system based on Debian's
stable branch. It features
DDE, the Deepin Desktop
Environment, built on Qt.

35. Mageia
First Released; June 1, 2011
Latest Released; July 1, 2019
Founder; group of former
employees of Mandriva S.A.. and
several other developers and users
and supporters of the Mandriva
community.
>Mageia can use all major desktop
environments. As was the case
with Mandrake and Mandriva
Linux, KDE is the main and the
most used environment. It uses
Mageia Control Center.

36. Mandriva Linux
First Released; July 23, 1998
Latest Released; August 28, 2011
Founder; Mandriva
>Mandriva Linux (a fusion of the
French
distribution Mandrakelinux or Man
drake Linux and the Brazilian
distribution Conectiva Linux) was
a Linux distribution by Mandriva.

37. BudgieFirst Released; December 7, 2013
Latest Released; April 18, 2019
Founder; Ikey Doherty, Joshua Strobl and Solus
Project team
>Budgie desktop tightly integrates with the
GNOME stack, employing underlying
technologies to offer an alternative desktop
experience. Budgie applications generally use
GTK and header bars similar to GNOME
applications. Budgie builds what is effectively a
Favorites list automatically as the user works,
moving categories and applications toward the
top of menus when they are used.

38. Sabayon Linux
First Released; November 28, 2005
Latest Released; March 31, 2019
Founder; Fabio Erculiani and Team
>Sabayon
Linux or Sabayon (formerly RR4
Linux and RR64 Linux), is a Gentoo-
based Italian Linux distribution created
by Fabio Erculiani and the Sabayon
development team. Sabayon follows the
"out of the box" philosophy, aiming to
give the user a wide number of
applications ready to use and a self-
configured operating system.

39. Ubuntu Mate
First Released; October 3, 2014
Latest Released; April 18, 2019
Founder; Ubuntu MATE team
>Ubuntu MATE is a free and open-
source Linux Distributions and an
official derivative of Ubuntu. Its
main differentiation from Ubuntu is
that it uses the MATE desktop
environment as its default user
interface (based on a fork
of GNOME 2), instead of
the GNOME 3 desktop environment
that is the default user interface
for Ubuntu.

40. Scientific Linux
First Released; May 10, 2004
Latest Released; December 3, 2018
Founder; Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory (FermiLab)/ European
Organization for Nuclear Research
(CERN)
>Scientific Linux (SL) is a Linux
distribution produced
by Fermilab, CERN, DESY and by ETH
Zurich. It is a free and open-
source operating system based on Red
Hat Enterprise Linux.

41. Linux Mint
First Released; August 27, 2006
Latest Released; December 19, 2018
Founder; Clément Lefèbvre, Jamie
Boo Birse, Kendall Weaver, and
community
>Linux Mint is a community-
driven Linux distribution based
on Ubuntu that strives to be a
"modern, elegant and
comfortable operating system which
is both powerful and easy to use.

42. VERSION DATE RELEASED CODE NAMES
Linux Mint 1 August 27, 2006 Ada
Linux Mint 2 November 14, 2006 Barbara
Linux Mint 2.1 December 20, 2006 Bea
Linux Mint 2.2 February 21, 2007 Bianca
Linux Mint 3 May 30, 2007 Cassandra
Linux Mint 3.1 September 24, 2007 Celena
Linux Mint 4 November 15, 2007 Daryna
Linux Mint 5 June 8, 2008 Elyssa
Linux Mint 6 December 15, 2008 Felicia

43. One more interesting thing
about Linux Mint codenames
is that these female names
ending with alphabet ‘a’ and
the names have origin in the
mythology of Abrahamic
religion.

44. Debian
First Released; September 1993 (No Exact
Date)
Latest Released; July 6, 2019
Founder; The Debian Project
>Debian is one of the earliest operating
systems based on the Linux kernel. The
project is coordinated over the Internet by
a team of volunteers guided by the Debian
Project Leader and three foundational
documents: the Debian Social Contract, the
Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free
Software Guidelines.

45. VERSION DATE RELEASED CODE NAMES
1.1 June 17, 1996 Buzz
1.2 December 12, 1996 Rex
1.3 July 2, 1997 Bo
2 July 24, 1998 Hamm
2.1 March 9, 1999 Slink
2.2 August 15, 2000 Potato
3 July 19, 2002 Woody
3.1 June 6, 2005 Sarge
4 April 8, 2007 Etch

46.  Debian version numbers are incremental.
That’s not the interesting part. The interesting
fact is that all Debian releases are codenamed
after the characters of the Toy Story movie.
 And if you have watched the first Toy Story
movie, you might remember the villain of the
movie Sid. This neighborhood kid is a
destroyer of toys. This is why all Debian
unstable releases are codenamed Debian Sid.

47. END