1) Ubuntu is an open-source operating system with long term support releases and includes applications like a web browser, office suite, and media players.
2) The document provides instructions on upgrading to Ubuntu 9.10 from 9.04 by running a command in the terminal and downloading installation files from listed URLs.
3) It outlines the step-by-step installation process which includes partitioning disks, setting up user accounts, and completing the installation in about 10-18 minutes.