Introduction to Irrigation Engineering
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This document provides an introduction to irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation in India due to variable rainfall and the need to maximize crop production. The advantages of irrigation include increased food production, optimal crop benefits, and generation of hydroelectric power. However, disadvantages can include water pollution, rising water tables, and waterlogging from over-irrigation. The document also outlines different types of irrigation like surface, flood, and lift irrigation. It describes techniques used in India for water distribution to farms, such as free flooding, border flooding, check flooding and drip irrigation.
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This document contains the syllabus for the course CE8603 - Irrigation Engineering taught by A.Leema Margret, Assistant Professor at Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam. The syllabus is divided into 5 units that cover topics like crop water requirement, irrigation methods, diversion and impounding structures, canal irrigation, and water management in irrigation. Key terms discussed in Unit 1 include duty of water, delta, base period, evapotranspiration, and factors affecting duty of water. Surface irrigation methods like flow irrigation and sub-surface irrigation are also introduced.
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This document provides information about the Water Resource Engineering course taught by Mr. Hole G.R. at J.S. Polytechnic in Pune, India. The course is divided into 6 units covering topics like introduction to irrigation and hydrology, water requirements of crops, dams and spillways, minor and micro irrigation, diversion head works, and canals. The course outcomes include estimating hydrological parameters, crop water requirements, designing dam and spillway components, executing minor irrigation schemes, and designing and maintaining canals. The first unit covers definitions of irrigation, necessity of irrigation in India, advantages and disadvantages of irrigation, classification of irrigation, and hydrological concepts. Different types of irrigation like surface, subsurface, flow, and
CROP WATER REQUIREMENT
Irrigation engineering involves planning and designing water supply systems for crop irrigation. Key factors that necessitate irrigation include insufficient or uneven rainfall, requirements of perennial crops, and converting desert areas. Benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields, elimination of mixed cropping, prosperity of farmers, and sources of revenue from water taxes. Factors affecting the water requirements of crops include climate, soil type, irrigation method, and ground slope. Important terms include gross command area, culturable command area, crop rotation, base period, delta, and duty. The relationship between duty, base period, and delta is defined. Methods to improve duty involve efficient irrigation methods, reducing canal seepage and evaporation losses, and farmer training.
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This document discusses various methods of irrigation, including surface irrigation methods like furrow irrigation, contour farming, and flooding methods. It also discusses subsurface irrigation methods like sprinkler irrigation and drip/trickle irrigation. For each method, it describes the basic components and process, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Surface irrigation methods are best suited for row crops, while sprinkler and drip irrigation methods reduce evaporation and allow more precise water and fertilizer application. Drip irrigation in particular minimizes water usage and loss. The document emphasizes matching the appropriate irrigation method to field and crop conditions.
Water requirement of crops
This document discusses irrigation and crop water requirements. It outlines several advantages of irrigation including preventing disease and weeds, enabling cash crops, improving groundwater storage, and increasing crop yields. Some disadvantages are excessive water leakage causing marshes, waterlogging from high water tables, lower temperatures, and land/water pollution. Crop water requirement depends on factors like crop type, growth stage, soil properties, climate, and agronomic practices. It is the total water needed from sowing to harvest and includes transpiration, evaporation, and water for plant metabolism. The factors affecting consumptive water use by crops are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation due to factors like insufficient rainfall and uneven distribution. It describes different types of irrigation systems including flow irrigation, lift irrigation, and storage irrigation. It also defines important terms used in irrigation like duty, delta, command area. The document outlines the benefits of irrigation such as increased crop yields and prosperity of farmers. It also notes some ill effects like raising water tables and creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Overall, the document provides a broad introduction to key concepts in irrigation engineering.
introduction of irrigation
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the definition and necessity of irrigation due to insufficient rainfall. The benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields and economic development, while ill effects can include rising water tables and loss of land. It then covers the history and development of irrigation in India, including the construction of canals and reservoirs. It also classifies irrigation projects and systems, such as major, medium and minor projects, as well as lift and flow irrigation systems. The document concludes by explaining soil water relationships, including water holding capacities, moisture content, and soil water constants like field capacity and wilting point.
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This document discusses various methods of irrigation, including surface irrigation methods like furrow irrigation, contour farming, and flooding methods. It also discusses subsurface irrigation methods like sprinkler irrigation and drip/trickle irrigation. For each method, it describes the basic components and process, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Surface irrigation methods are best suited for row crops, while sprinkler and drip irrigation methods reduce evaporation and allow more precise water and fertilizer application. Drip irrigation in particular minimizes water usage and loss. The document emphasizes matching the appropriate irrigation method to field and crop conditions.
Water requirement of crops
This document discusses irrigation and crop water requirements. It outlines several advantages of irrigation including preventing disease and weeds, enabling cash crops, improving groundwater storage, and increasing crop yields. Some disadvantages are excessive water leakage causing marshes, waterlogging from high water tables, lower temperatures, and land/water pollution. Crop water requirement depends on factors like crop type, growth stage, soil properties, climate, and agronomic practices. It is the total water needed from sowing to harvest and includes transpiration, evaporation, and water for plant metabolism. The factors affecting consumptive water use by crops are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation due to factors like insufficient rainfall and uneven distribution. It describes different types of irrigation systems including flow irrigation, lift irrigation, and storage irrigation. It also defines important terms used in irrigation like duty, delta, command area. The document outlines the benefits of irrigation such as increased crop yields and prosperity of farmers. It also notes some ill effects like raising water tables and creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Overall, the document provides a broad introduction to key concepts in irrigation engineering.
introduction of irrigation
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the definition and necessity of irrigation due to insufficient rainfall. The benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields and economic development, while ill effects can include rising water tables and loss of land. It then covers the history and development of irrigation in India, including the construction of canals and reservoirs. It also classifies irrigation projects and systems, such as major, medium and minor projects, as well as lift and flow irrigation systems. The document concludes by explaining soil water relationships, including water holding capacities, moisture content, and soil water constants like field capacity and wilting point.
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This document discusses irrigation engineering and different irrigation methods. It defines irrigation engineering as the process of supplying water to crops artificially. The main methods discussed are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and subsurface irrigation. Surface irrigation is the most common worldwide and includes flooding, furrow, and contour farming methods. Flooding involves allowing water to flow freely, furrow uses trenches between rows, and contour farming grows crops across slopes.
Methods of Irrigation
There are various irrigation methods that apply water to crops in different ways. The most common methods are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and subsurface irrigation. Surface irrigation involves flooding fields and makes up about 90% of irrigated areas. Sprinkler irrigation applies water under pressure and is used on about 5% of irrigated land. When choosing an irrigation method, factors like water supply, topography, climate, soils, crops, economics, and local traditions must be considered. Drip irrigation is the most efficient method, applying water directly to plant roots and minimizing losses, making it suitable for water-scarce areas.
Duty And Delta
This document discusses duty of water and delta. It defines duty as the area of crop irrigated per unit of water, while delta is the total water required for a crop during its growth period. It then explains the relationship between duty and delta using an equation. Finally, it lists and describes 12 factors that can affect the duty of water, such as method of irrigation, crop type, soil conditions, and climate.
Introduction to irrigation and hydrology
This document provides an overview of a syllabus for a water resource engineering course. The syllabus includes 6 units covering topics like irrigation and hydrology, water requirements of crops, dams and spillways, minor and micro irrigation, diversion head works, and canals. Key concepts from hydrology like the hydrological cycle, rainfall measurement, and types of rain gauges are also summarized. The document aims to introduce students to important concepts in irrigation engineering and hydrology.
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This document discusses various irrigation methods including surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation. It provides details on different types of surface irrigation methods such as flooding, furrow, and contour methods. Flooding methods are further divided into wild flooding with no land preparation and controlled flooding with proper water flow and quantity control. Controlled flooding includes free flooding using field channels, contour lateral flooding along contour lines, border strip flooding using bunds, check flooding dividing plots with checks or bunds, basin flooding around individual plants, and zig-zag flooding using low bunds in a zig-zag pattern.
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This document discusses different types of canal lining materials and their advantages. It states that lining canals reduces water losses through seepage and prevents waterlogging of adjacent lands. It allows for smaller canal dimensions since lined canals have lower resistance to flow. Lining also reduces maintenance needs like silt removal and bank repairs. Common lining materials described include cement concrete, shotcrete, precast concrete, brick and various earth linings. Cement concrete lining provides excellent hydraulic properties but has high costs. Shotcrete and cement mortar linings use large amounts of cement. Brick lining allows for easy repair and is hydraulically efficient. Lining improves water conservation and irrigation capacity but requires heavy initial investment.
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The document discusses the hydraulic jump, which is the rise in water level caused by the transformation from unstable supercritical flow to stable subcritical flow. It causes energy loss due to turbulence and eddies. Applications include mixing chemicals, maintaining downstream water levels for irrigation, and removing air from pipes. The hydraulic jump typically occurs below structures like weirs, due to obstructions, or changes in channel slope. It dissipates surplus energy and creates disturbances like eddies and reverse flow that can remove pollution. The problem finds the depth of flow after a hydraulic jump in a 4m wide channel with a discharge of 16 m3/s, given an upstream depth of 0.5m.
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This document discusses the design of canals. It provides key terms related to canal design such as alluvial soil, silt factor, mean velocity, critical velocity, and more. It summarizes Kennedy's theory and Lacey's theory for the design of unlined canals on alluvial soils. Kennedy's theory relates critical velocity to depth while Lacey's theory relates mean velocity to hydraulic mean depth. The document also compares the two theories and lists some drawbacks of each. It provides the design procedure for both theories and references several textbooks on irrigation engineering.
Water resources engineering
Hydrology means science of water.
It is the science that deals with the occurance, circulation and distribution of water on the earth.
Hydrology is a broad subject of an inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences.
Water requirement of crops and reservoir planing
1. Crop water requirement is the water needed by plants for survival, growth, development and producing economic parts, which can be supplied naturally through precipitation or artificially through irrigation.
2. Irrigation water functions include supplying water for crop needs, cooling soil and plants, providing water for transpiration, dissolving minerals for nutrition, providing oxygen for metabolism, and serving as an anchor for roots.
3. Duty, which is the area irrigated by 1 cubic meter per second of water, decreases from the head of the water course to the head of the canal due to losses from evaporation and percolation as water flows through irrigation channels.
Irrigation methods
This document discusses various irrigation methods, including uncontrolled surface flooding, controlled flooding using check basins or ring basins, border strip method, deep furrow method, traditional methods like levees and canals, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation using micro sprays or micro jets, and rain guns. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and discusses their suitability based on factors like crop type, soil type, water availability, and farming practices.
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1. The document is a set of lecture notes on water resource and irrigation engineering written by Saqib Imran for civil engineering students and engineers.
2. It defines irrigation engineering and water resources engineering, and discusses the history of irrigation. It also covers types of canal lining, irrigation efficiency, factors affecting duty of water, and methods to improve duty of water.
3. The notes are intended to provide knowledge on various topics in irrigation and water resources engineering for students and engineers working in the field.
Canal
The document discusses different types of canals including contour canals, ridge canals, and side slope canals. It describes how canals are classified based on alignment and position. The key parts of a canal system are described including main canals, branch canals, distributaries, and water courses. Methods for fixing canal alignment and designing canal cross-sections are outlined. Different types of canal lining materials and their purposes are also summarized.
Dams and spillways
1. Dams are constructed across rivers to store flowing water and come in various types like earth, rockfill, gravity, steel, timber and arch dams. The selection of dam type depends on site conditions like topography, geology and availability of construction materials.
2. Gravity dams derive their strength from their weight and weight of water pressure pushing them into the ground. They are made of concrete or masonry and work by balancing the water pressure on upstream side with weight and pressure on downstream side.
3. Factors considered in gravity dam design include water pressure, seismic forces, uplift pressure, weight of dam, and ensuring stability against sliding, overturning and cracking. Galleries are provided for drainage,
IRRIGATION METHODS
This document provides information on various irrigation methods used in India, including tank irrigation, well irrigation, surface irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Tank irrigation involves storing water in artificial reservoirs during monsoon seasons for irrigation. Well irrigation uses open wells or tube wells to lift groundwater for irrigation. Surface irrigation methods include flooding, furrows, and contour farming which distribute water across the surface of fields. Sprinkler irrigation applies water as a spray or sprinkle through a system of pipes, risers and nozzles, allowing for more uniform water distribution than surface methods. The document discusses the various types and suitable conditions for each irrigation method.
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It will be useful to understand about the field capacity of soil,wilting points,depth&frequency of irrigation and also consumptive use of water
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This document provides an overview of irrigation and various methods of irrigation. It discusses the necessity, benefits and effects of irrigation. It then describes various surface irrigation methods including uncontrolled flooding, border strip method, check method, basin method and furrow method. It also discusses subsurface, sprinkler and trickle/drip irrigation methods. For each method, it provides details on how the method works and its advantages and disadvantages.
Canal of design
This document discusses the design of canals. It defines canals as artificial channels used for navigation or irrigation. There are two main types of canals - aqueducts for water supply and waterways for transportation. Canals are also classified based on their discharge sizes and whether they are lined or unlined. The document outlines the different components of canal systems like main canals, branch canals and distributaries. It describes the common shapes, materials used for lining and advantages of lined canals over unlined ones. Drainage systems are also discussed including surface and subsurface drainage.
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Team dcsmat drip irrigation
The document discusses drip irrigation, an innovative irrigation method developed by Rakesh Gandhi. It saves water and fertilizer by slowly dripping water to plant roots through a network of pipes and emitters. Key benefits include increased yields and quality while reducing costs, water usage, and environmental impact compared to traditional flood irrigation. The method is well-suited for India's agriculture needs and climate conditions.
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There are various irrigation methods that apply water to crops in different ways. The most common methods are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and subsurface irrigation. Surface irrigation involves flooding fields and makes up about 90% of irrigated areas. Sprinkler irrigation applies water under pressure and is used on about 5% of irrigated land. When choosing an irrigation method, factors like water supply, topography, climate, soils, crops, economics, and local traditions must be considered. Drip irrigation is the most efficient method, applying water directly to plant roots and minimizing losses, making it suitable for water-scarce areas.
Duty And Delta
This document discusses duty of water and delta. It defines duty as the area of crop irrigated per unit of water, while delta is the total water required for a crop during its growth period. It then explains the relationship between duty and delta using an equation. Finally, it lists and describes 12 factors that can affect the duty of water, such as method of irrigation, crop type, soil conditions, and climate.
Introduction to irrigation and hydrology
This document provides an overview of a syllabus for a water resource engineering course. The syllabus includes 6 units covering topics like irrigation and hydrology, water requirements of crops, dams and spillways, minor and micro irrigation, diversion head works, and canals. Key concepts from hydrology like the hydrological cycle, rainfall measurement, and types of rain gauges are also summarized. The document aims to introduce students to important concepts in irrigation engineering and hydrology.
Irrigation methods
This document discusses various irrigation methods including surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation. It provides details on different types of surface irrigation methods such as flooding, furrow, and contour methods. Flooding methods are further divided into wild flooding with no land preparation and controlled flooding with proper water flow and quantity control. Controlled flooding includes free flooding using field channels, contour lateral flooding along contour lines, border strip flooding using bunds, check flooding dividing plots with checks or bunds, basin flooding around individual plants, and zig-zag flooding using low bunds in a zig-zag pattern.
Assessment of irrigation
Farmers in India are charged by the government for receiving irrigation water supplied through canals and reservoirs. These charges, known as the assessment of irrigation water, vary between states and may include water rates based on crop type and area, increased land revenue due to benefits, and betterment levies representing the government's share. The rates charged for different crops also differ between states. Farmers are charged to recover project costs, generate state revenue, and cover maintenance costs, as well as to discourage wasteful water use. Methods of assessment include area-based charges, volumetric assessments using water meters, composite land revenue and water taxes, and permanent betterment levies.
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This document discusses duty of water and delta in irrigation engineering. It defines duty of water as the area irrigated using 1 cumec of continuous water supply. Delta is defined as the total depth of water required by a crop in its base period. Duty is calculated using the formula D=8.64/B(days) * Δ(meters). Several factors that affect duty are discussed such as crop type, irrigation method, soil type, climate etc. Methods to improve duty include proper land preparation, lining canals to reduce seepage, using efficient irrigation methods, and training farmers in optimal water usage.
Canal lining
This document discusses different types of canal lining materials and their advantages. It states that lining canals reduces water losses through seepage and prevents waterlogging of adjacent lands. It allows for smaller canal dimensions since lined canals have lower resistance to flow. Lining also reduces maintenance needs like silt removal and bank repairs. Common lining materials described include cement concrete, shotcrete, precast concrete, brick and various earth linings. Cement concrete lining provides excellent hydraulic properties but has high costs. Shotcrete and cement mortar linings use large amounts of cement. Brick lining allows for easy repair and is hydraulically efficient. Lining improves water conservation and irrigation capacity but requires heavy initial investment.
Canal structures
Introduction
Mechanism of Regulation Works
Canal Falls
Cross regulator
Dis tributary Head Regulator
Canal escapes
Canal Outlets
Hydraulic jump
The document discusses the hydraulic jump, which is the rise in water level caused by the transformation from unstable supercritical flow to stable subcritical flow. It causes energy loss due to turbulence and eddies. Applications include mixing chemicals, maintaining downstream water levels for irrigation, and removing air from pipes. The hydraulic jump typically occurs below structures like weirs, due to obstructions, or changes in channel slope. It dissipates surplus energy and creates disturbances like eddies and reverse flow that can remove pollution. The problem finds the depth of flow after a hydraulic jump in a 4m wide channel with a discharge of 16 m3/s, given an upstream depth of 0.5m.
Irrigation engineering
This document discusses the design of canals. It provides key terms related to canal design such as alluvial soil, silt factor, mean velocity, critical velocity, and more. It summarizes Kennedy's theory and Lacey's theory for the design of unlined canals on alluvial soils. Kennedy's theory relates critical velocity to depth while Lacey's theory relates mean velocity to hydraulic mean depth. The document also compares the two theories and lists some drawbacks of each. It provides the design procedure for both theories and references several textbooks on irrigation engineering.
Water resources engineering
Hydrology means science of water.
It is the science that deals with the occurance, circulation and distribution of water on the earth.
Hydrology is a broad subject of an inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences.
Water requirement of crops and reservoir planing
1. Crop water requirement is the water needed by plants for survival, growth, development and producing economic parts, which can be supplied naturally through precipitation or artificially through irrigation.
2. Irrigation water functions include supplying water for crop needs, cooling soil and plants, providing water for transpiration, dissolving minerals for nutrition, providing oxygen for metabolism, and serving as an anchor for roots.
3. Duty, which is the area irrigated by 1 cubic meter per second of water, decreases from the head of the water course to the head of the canal due to losses from evaporation and percolation as water flows through irrigation channels.
Irrigation methods
This document discusses various irrigation methods, including uncontrolled surface flooding, controlled flooding using check basins or ring basins, border strip method, deep furrow method, traditional methods like levees and canals, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation using micro sprays or micro jets, and rain guns. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and discusses their suitability based on factors like crop type, soil type, water availability, and farming practices.
Water resources and irrigation engineering pdf
1. The document is a set of lecture notes on water resource and irrigation engineering written by Saqib Imran for civil engineering students and engineers.
2. It defines irrigation engineering and water resources engineering, and discusses the history of irrigation. It also covers types of canal lining, irrigation efficiency, factors affecting duty of water, and methods to improve duty of water.
3. The notes are intended to provide knowledge on various topics in irrigation and water resources engineering for students and engineers working in the field.
Canal
The document discusses different types of canals including contour canals, ridge canals, and side slope canals. It describes how canals are classified based on alignment and position. The key parts of a canal system are described including main canals, branch canals, distributaries, and water courses. Methods for fixing canal alignment and designing canal cross-sections are outlined. Different types of canal lining materials and their purposes are also summarized.
Dams and spillways
1. Dams are constructed across rivers to store flowing water and come in various types like earth, rockfill, gravity, steel, timber and arch dams. The selection of dam type depends on site conditions like topography, geology and availability of construction materials.
2. Gravity dams derive their strength from their weight and weight of water pressure pushing them into the ground. They are made of concrete or masonry and work by balancing the water pressure on upstream side with weight and pressure on downstream side.
3. Factors considered in gravity dam design include water pressure, seismic forces, uplift pressure, weight of dam, and ensuring stability against sliding, overturning and cracking. Galleries are provided for drainage,
IRRIGATION METHODS
This document provides information on various irrigation methods used in India, including tank irrigation, well irrigation, surface irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Tank irrigation involves storing water in artificial reservoirs during monsoon seasons for irrigation. Well irrigation uses open wells or tube wells to lift groundwater for irrigation. Surface irrigation methods include flooding, furrows, and contour farming which distribute water across the surface of fields. Sprinkler irrigation applies water as a spray or sprinkle through a system of pipes, risers and nozzles, allowing for more uniform water distribution than surface methods. The document discusses the various types and suitable conditions for each irrigation method.
Depth&frequency of irrigation,consumptive use(irrigation management)
It will be useful to understand about the field capacity of soil,wilting points,depth&frequency of irrigation and also consumptive use of water
Method of irrigation
This document provides an overview of irrigation and various methods of irrigation. It discusses the necessity, benefits and effects of irrigation. It then describes various surface irrigation methods including uncontrolled flooding, border strip method, check method, basin method and furrow method. It also discusses subsurface, sprinkler and trickle/drip irrigation methods. For each method, it provides details on how the method works and its advantages and disadvantages.
Canal of design
This document discusses the design of canals. It defines canals as artificial channels used for navigation or irrigation. There are two main types of canals - aqueducts for water supply and waterways for transportation. Canals are also classified based on their discharge sizes and whether they are lined or unlined. The document outlines the different components of canal systems like main canals, branch canals and distributaries. It describes the common shapes, materials used for lining and advantages of lined canals over unlined ones. Drainage systems are also discussed including surface and subsurface drainage.
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This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It defines irrigation as the artificial application of water to land to supplement natural precipitation for optimal crop production. Irrigation is needed in arid, semi-arid, and humid regions where rainfall is unreliable or insufficient. The objectives and scope of irrigation engineering are outlined, along with the factors, benefits, and potential ill-effects of irrigation. Standards for irrigation water quality and procedures for feasibility studies of irrigation projects are also discussed.
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Drip irrigation is a watering technique that applies water slowly to the soil near plant roots through emitters or drippers. It allows for targeted watering with high efficiency of 90-95% by avoiding runoff and wetting of non-targeted areas. Drip irrigation was developed in the 1960s in Israel, Australia, and North America and is now commonly used worldwide in agriculture, nurseries, greenhouses, and landscaping. It provides benefits like increased yields and quality while decreasing water, labor, energy, fertilizer, and pesticide costs through its precise application of water and other inputs.
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The document discusses various aspects of water supply and distribution systems. It covers water sources such as rain, groundwater and surface water. It then discusses water treatment processes involving primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. Key water quality parameters set by WHO are mentioned. Water usage, distribution systems both external and internal, and the water supply system in Malaysia are summarized. Major components of the water supply infrastructure in Selangor like dams and water treatment plants are also highlighted.
Introduction to modern irrigation techniques
This document provides an overview of modern irrigation techniques presented by Er. S. V. Tikute. It discusses the problems with traditional irrigation methods and introduces drip and sprinkler irrigation as modern alternatives. It describes the history and development of drip irrigation in India, highlighting its advantages such as water savings and improved crop yields. The document also covers sprinkler irrigation, discussing its history, adaptability, advantages like water savings, and limitations like high initial costs. It examines the scope and status of drip and sprinkler irrigation in India.
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Irrigation Engineering “N.N. Bassak”
Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic structure “Santosh Kumar Garg”
Principal of Irrigation Engineering “Frederick Haynes Newell and Daniel William Murphy”
Unit 06_HWRE.pptx
Irrigation engineering involves planning and designing water supply systems to provide crops with water during periods without rainfall. The key factors necessitating irrigation are insufficient or uneven rainfall, the need to grow perennial crops year-round, and developing desert areas. The main benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields, optimum crop growth, elimination of undesirable mixed cropping, increased farmer prosperity, and sources of hydroelectric power and revenue. Proper irrigation also protects against famine and increases groundwater levels. However, excess irrigation can raise water tables and create damp, mosquito-breeding conditions. Different types of irrigation include flow, lift, and various storage and diversion schemes.
Mahan 03 oct 2013
Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater runoff from rooftops in underground tanks or reservoirs. It has several advantages, including providing an independent water supply, reducing flooding, and replenishing groundwater. The key components of a rainwater harvesting system are the roof catchment area, gutters, downpipes, a filtration system, and a storage tank. Proper installation and maintenance can provide a low-cost source of non-potable water for households and help conserve fresh water resources.
Rain water harvesting
Rain water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops or surfaces. It helps conserve surface runoff during monsoons and recharge groundwater levels. Some key techniques include rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from building roofs, and surface runoff harvesting, where water flowing along the ground is collected. Rainwater harvesting provides multiple benefits like increasing water availability, reducing soil erosion, and lowering water bills. While it has high initial costs, rainwater harvesting is economical and helps alleviate water scarcity issues to some extent.
Irrigation engineering
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It defines irrigation as the artificial supply of water to fields for crop cultivation. The necessity of irrigation is discussed, noting that India depends on agriculture and rainfall can be insufficient or ill-timed. Irrigation systems allow for collecting water during excess rainfall and releasing it when needed. The document also outlines the scope and advantages of irrigation engineering, including increased food production, protection from famine, and generation of hydroelectric power. Potential disadvantages like breeding mosquitoes and water logging are also mentioned. Finally, the document categorizes the different types of irrigation as surface vs subsurface and flow vs lift irrigation.
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This presentation describes about few of the Innovations that have been made for improving the crop productivity under the dryland agriculture system. Success stories are also added for convenience. This was my college seminar presentation, hope it suits well.
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Introduction to Irrigation Engineering
- 2. Irrigation
- 3. Irrigation It is the of of to the in accordance with throughout the for of crops
- 4. Necessityof Irrigationin India based •Maximize & distribution of rainfall •Improvement of crop of crops / Winter Crop
- 6. Advantagesof Irrigation • Increase in Food Production • Optimum Benefits • Elimination of Mixed Cropping • General Prosperity • Generation of Hydro-electric power • Domestic Water Supply • Facilities of Communications • Inland Navigation • Afforestation
- 7. Advantagesof Irrigation • Optimum Benefits • General Prosperity • Facilities of Communications • Inland Navigation
- 8. Disadvantagesof Irrigation • Water Pollution due to nitrate • Rise of water table • Colder and Damper Climate →marshy lands→ mosquito breeding • Water-logging due to Over-Irrigation • Expensive and Complex
- 10. Techniquesof waterdistribution tofarmsin India • Free Flooding • Border Flooding • Check Flooding • Basin Flooding • Furrow Irrigation Method • Sprinkler Irrigation Method • Drip Irrigation Method
- 11. Free Flooding
- 13. Border Flooding
- 16. CheckFlooding
- 18. Basin Flooding
- 24. Drip Irrigation
- 26. Thank You