Farmers in India are charged by the government for receiving irrigation water supplied through canals and reservoirs. These charges, known as the assessment of irrigation water, vary between states and may include water rates based on crop type and area, increased land revenue due to benefits, and betterment levies representing the government's share. The rates charged for different crops also differ between states. Farmers are charged to recover project costs, generate state revenue, and cover maintenance costs, as well as to discourage wasteful water use. Methods of assessment include area-based charges, volumetric assessments using water meters, composite land revenue and water taxes, and permanent betterment levies.

1. ASSESSMENT OF IRIGATAION WATER:
1. Irrigation water supplie to the farmers through
canals, or reservoirs is at the expense of the
government.
2. Farmers are charge suitably by the
government for having used this facility.
3. The fixation of such charge is known,the
assessment of irrigation water.

2. Irrigation charges are not uniform in all the
states of India.Generally the watler charges
comprises of one or more of following elements
Water rate, depending on kind and extent of crop.
Increment in land revenue, based on increased
benefit derived annually
Providing Irrigation Facilities.
Betterment Levy representing the government
share
The rate at which water is charged for different
crops vary from state to state. Rates are paid
charges on the area basis for different crops.

3. The following are the reasons for which farmers
are charge:-
1.To recover the cost of the project due to which this
facility has been possible.
2.To collect revenue so that it may augment the state
resources.
3.Collect the maintenance cost of the project.
4.T
o put some restrictions on farmers against
careless and uneconomical use of water.

4. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT
1) Assessment on area basis or crop basis:
The factor to be considered is Cash value of crops,
Water requirements of crops that is time and
demand of irrigation water.
Drawbacks of this system are, Wasteful use of water
as the charges are not made on the basis of actual
quantity of water but on the area of crop.
Unequal distribution of water, The irrigation at head
reach of canal draw more Water than due share and
Irrigationd at the tail end of canal suffer.

5. 2) VolumetricAssessment:
Charges are levied on the basis of actual volume Of
water supplied at the outlet head. Most economical
use of water in the field leads to more extent of
irrigation area.
It requires installation of water metres at all Irrigation
outlets in the canal system.
3) Compositerate Assessment:
Combined land revenue and water tax are levied from
the cultivators. It is not much common method of
assessment.

6. 4) Permanent asssessment or Betterment levy:
In area where canals are provided as Insurance against
drought, the farmers are levied at a fixed rate every
year irrespectiveof the fact whether or not they use
the canal water.
In drought year, the farmers are allowed to draw canal
supplies without paying charges on extra to normal
betterment levy.

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