Introduction to computer Networks

1. Note - 01
Introduction to computer Networks
Course title : computer networks
Course code : CSE 317
Submitted to
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
CSE Department
City University
Submitted by
Shohana akter kakon
ID:1834902539
Semester : 8th
Batch : 49th

2. E -commerce : buying or selling goods via internet.
Electronic commerce : it’s involves a commercial transaction done over
the internet.
Network hardware & software
Hardware Equipment: NIC, Server, Client, Peers, Transmission,
Medium, Router, Bridge, Hub, Switches, Gateway, Repeaters
NIC (Network interface card) - Network Interface Card is a hardware
device that is installed on the computer so that it can be connected
to the internet
Type of NIC :
Wired :
These NIC have input jacks made of cables.
Wireless :
Wireless network cards are inserted into the motherboard but no
network cables are required to connect the computer to the
internet.
Server :
A server is a computer or program device that provides a service to
another computer program and its user, also known as the client.
Transmission :
A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which
provides controller application of power.

3. Router :
The router is a physical or virtual internetworking device that is
designed to receive, analyze, and forward data packets between
computer networks.
Bridge :
A bridge is a hardware device that is used to connect LANs so that
they can exchange data.
Hub :
A network hub is a device that allows multiple computers to
communicate with each other over a network. It has several Ethernet
ports that are used to connect two or more network devices
together.
Switch:
A switch is a networking device when switch received data from the
one of the connected device, it forward data only to the port on
which the destination system
In connected.
Gateway:
A gateway is a hardware device who act like an a gate between two
device.
Repeaters :
Repeater is a network device that retransmits the Data from the
sender to the receiver side of the network.
Software: Network Operating System, Protocols Switches (TCP/IP, OSI)

4. Network operating system :
An Operating System is a System software that manages the hardware
resources and provides services to the Application software.
Protocols Switches:
A protocols switch is an application which can bridge hardware and
software.
Cables and Connectors:
Twist pair cable:
A twisted pair cable is a type of cable made by putting two separate
insulated wires together in a twisted pattern and running them parallel to
each other.
Coaxial cable :
It is commonly used by cable operators, telephone companies, and
internet providers around the world to convey data, video, and voice
communications to customers. It has also been used extensively
within homes.
Fiber-optic cable:
A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass
fibers inside an insulated casing. They're designed for long-distance,
high-performance data networking, and telecommunications.
Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth
and transmit data over longer distances. Fiber optic cables support
much of the world's internet, cable television, and telephone systems.