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Basic Computer Network
The document outlines key components of computer networks including messages, senders, receivers, mediums, and protocols. It details various topology types (bus, star, ring, mesh), connection types (point-to-point, multipoint), and categories of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), as well as the ISO/OSI model layers and transmission media like coaxial and fiber optic cables. Additionally, it covers network devices such as bridges and firewalls, explaining their functions and advantages.
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Basic Computer Network
- 2. COMPUTER NETWORK E.G.S. PILLAYENGINEERING COLLEGE ECE Dep’t K.VIGNESH,ME TUTOR
- 3. COMPONENTS 1.Message (data) 2.Sender (device) 3.Receiver(device) 4.Medium(physicalpath) 5.protocol(set of rules)
- 4. 1.MESSAGE *message is dataor information to be communicated Ex : *Number *Pictures *sound *other files
- 5. SENDER * the senderis device that sends data
- 6. RECEIVER * The receiverreceives the information (DATA)
- 7. Protocol • It isa set of rules Ex : All software
- 8. MEDIUM TWO TYPES 1.WIRE 2.WIRELESS *Wire cables Itis physical dives twisted-pair co-axial fiber-optic
- 9. • Wireless wifi wi-max infrared Bluetooth
- 10. DIRECTION OF DATAFLOW THREE TYPES 1.Simplex 2.half-duplex 3.full-duplex
- 11. SIMPLEX • Only receivethe data Ex : FM radio
- 12. HALF-DUPLEX 1.It is doubleside communication but deferent time only
- 13. Full-duplex 1.It is doublesite connection 2.Data sending and receiving at the same time Ex: mobile phone
- 14. TYPE OF CONNECTIONS TWOTYPES 1.point-to-point 2.Multipoint
- 15. point-to-point * It isdirect connection( A –to- B) 1.One system to other system Ex :1. TV remote control 2. infrared
- 16. MULITPOINT • It istwo or more system connection using (HUB,SWITCH,ROUTER) Ex:1.college 2.company
- 17. TOPOLOGIES • It isa way or connection TYPES 1.Bus topology 2.Star topology 3.Ring topology 4.Mesh topology 5.Hiarchey topology
- 18. BUS TOPOLOGY • Usingmultipoint cable • Multiple devices are connected • One long cable acts as backbone to link all the devices in a network • Use Cable termination
- 19. ADVANTAGES • Easy toinstall • low cost • Less cable is required DISADVANTAGES • Havy network traffic • Defficult to add new system • Failer of backbone cable all connection is failed
- 20. STAR TOPOLOGY • Numberof devices connected • Point-to-point links to HUB • The devices are not directly one to another
- 21. ADVANTAGES • Easy toconfigure • Easy to fault identification and fault isolation • It is easy to modify DISADVANTAGES • If central hub is fails total communication is fails • Each device requires its own cable
- 22. RING TOPOLOGY • Itis each device is connected by a dedicated point-to-point connection to adjacevt devices • Ring type structure
- 23. ADVANTAGES • Easy toinstall and reconfigure • Easy to problem solved DISADVANTAGES • Maximum ring length and number of devices is limited • Frailer of one node on the ring can affect the entire network
- 24. MECH TOPOLOGY • everynode or system has a dedicated point-to-point link to all system
- 25. ADVANTAGES • Security • Robust •Any system connection failure not affect another system connection DISADVANTAGES • Difficulty in installation • Difficulty in reconfigure • Large amount of cable using
- 26. CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS •Three types 1 .Local area network (LAN) 2. Metropolitan area network (MAN) 3. Wide area network (WAN)
- 27. LOCAL-AREA NETWORK(LAN) • LAN isa privately owned network • It connects office college school IT company • Share all type data • Using IP address • Deferent types of TOPOLOGY using the LAN connection
- 29. METROPOLITANAREA NETWORK(MAN) • MAN canextend over entire city • MAN can be owned and maintained by a private company or by a public company • (SMDS) switched multi-megabit date services • Telephone companies using MAN
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- 31. WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN) •A network that provides long distance transmission • Defrent types of data transmit (data,voice,image,video) • It is connected (city,state,country) • It is a public network
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- 33. ISO/OSI MODEL (ISO)INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FORSTANDARDIZATION • provides peer to peer logical devices with layer physical implementation • It communication between two system (OSI) OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION • It is most widely used to perform networking
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- 37. PHYSICAL LAYER • Physicallayer is the lowest layer of the ISO model • Transmit a bit stream over a communication • It is Interface and transmission media FUNCTIONS • Physical characteristics of interfaces and media • Representation of bits • Data rate or transmission rate • Synchronization of bits
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- 39. DATA LINK LAYER •It is transmitting frames from one node to the next node • It is inter connecting to next layer (physical layer) • Reliable link making • FUNCTIONS • Framing • Physical addressing • Flow control • Error control • Access control
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- 41. NETWORK LAYTER • Itresponsible for the delivery of packets from the (source-to-destination) FUNCTIONS • Logical addressing • routing
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- 43. TRANSPORT LAYER • Thetransport layer is responsible for delivery of message from one process to another • The network does the host to destination delivery of (INDIVIDUAL PACKETS) • FUNCTIONS • Port addressing • Segmentation and ressembly • Connection control • flow control,error control
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- 45. SESSION LAYER • Thesession layer is network idialog controller • It is establishes and synchronizes the interaction between communication system • FUNCTIONS • Dialog control • synchronization
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- 47. PRESENTATION LAYER • Thepresentation layer deals with syntax and semantics of the information being exchanged • FUNCTIONS • Translation • Encryption • compression
- 49. APPLICATION LAYER • Applicationlayer is resoponsible for accessing the network by user(Ex:e-mail,remote,file access,file transfer,sharing database,message handling,directory services) • FUNCTIONS • Mail services • Directory services • File transfer
- 50. TRANMISSION MEDIA • MEDIAis the general term used to describe the data path that forms the physical channel between SENDER TO RECEIVER
- 53. CO-AXIAL CABLE Co-axial cablehas two conductors that share the common axis Co-axial cable is used to transmit both (ANALOGE AND DIGITAL SIGNALS) Co-axial cable standards 50 ohm, RG-8 and RG-11 for thick Ethernet 50 ohm, RG-58 used for thin Ethernet 75 ohms, RG-59 used for cable TV 93 ohms, RG-62 used for ARC net
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- 55. ADVANTAGES • It ishigher bandwidth • Easy to handle • It is uses for longer distances at higher data rates • Excellent noise immunity DISADVANTAGES • Distance is limited • Number of node connection is limited • Proper connectors and termination is must
- 56. APPLICATIONS In analog anddigital data transmission In telephone networks In Ether net LANs
- 57. FIBER OPTIC COBLE •A fiber optic is a light pipe which is used to carry a light bram from one place to another • It is electromagnetic signal
- 58. TYPES OF FIBER •Glass • Plastic or combination of glass and plastic • Glass core with plastic cladding • Glass core and glass cladding
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- 60. Infrared Modulate non coherentinfrared light Line of sight (or reflection) Blocked by walls e.g. TV remote control, IRD port
- 61. Wireless Propagation Signal travelsalong three routes Ground wave Follows contour of earth Up to 2MHz AM radio Sky wave Amateur radio, BBC world service, Voice of America Signal reflected from ionosphere layer of upper atmosphere (Actually refracted) Line of sight Above 30Mhz May be further than optical line of sight due to refraction More later…
- 62. RADIO WAVE Ground WavePropagation (SURFACE) Sky Wave Propagation (TROPOSPHERE) LINE OF SIGHT PROPAGATION
- 63. Ground Wave Propagation(SURFACE)
- 64. Sky Wave Propagation(TROPOSPHERE)
- 65. LINE OF SIGHTPROPAGATION
- 66. BRIDGE • A networkbridge is a computer networking device that creates a single aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. • This function is called network bridging. Bridging is distinct from routing, which allows multiple different networks to communicate independently while remaining separate.
- 68. Advantages of aNetwork Bridge • A layer 2 switch, connects two different local area networks (LAN) • Abridge is used to segregate data by dividing it into two streams.
- 69. FIREWALL • Firewall –Basic concepts. A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. • It is a device or set of devices which is configured to permit or deny computer based application upon a set of rules and other criteria.
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