Introduction to Academic Writing and Publishing in English (2018)

Introduction to Academic Writing
Prof. Dr. Ron Martinez
Academic Writing in English - PRPPG7000

In Science Citation Index (SCI)
Source: Hyland, K. (2015). Academic Publishing and Challenges in
the Construction of Knowledge. Oxford University Press.

Sarewitz, Daniel. "The pressure to publish pushes down
quality." Nature, vol. 533, no. 7602, 2016. Academic OneFile,
Accessed 18 Jun. 2017.

Is English the key?
• Man et al. (2004)* 2
factors: Country’s
English proficiency and
research investment
* Man, J. P., Weinkauf, J. G., Tsang, M., & Sin, J. H. D. D. (2004). Why do some countries publish more
than others? An international comparison of research funding, English proficiency and publication output in
highly ranked general medical journals. European journal of epidemiology, 19(8), 811-817.

http://www.worldmapper.org/images/largepng/205.p
ng

Investment in Science, Technology and Innovation (by region)
Fonte: https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsb20161/

Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha, pesquisadora da USP
e MIT, vencedora do 8º Prêmio Octavio Frias de Oliveira
(Pesquisa em Oncologia), 2017
"Não há como ter pesquisa de
qualidade sem financiamento,
mesmo que haja formação,
mesmo que haja interesse".

Exemplo típico
Prof. Dr. Ron Martinez - UFPR

Hyland (2016)
“Attitude surveys reveal that English as an Additional
Language (EAL) authors often believe editors and referees
are prejudiced against them for any non-standard language
uses…” (p. 59)

Flowerdew (2008)

Flowerdew (2008)
● “While it is difficult to find concrete evidence that writers
who use English as an additional language are discriminated
against in academic publishing there is a lot of anecdotal
evidence to suggest that they may be.” (p. 78)

Hewings, M. (2006). English language standards in academic articles:
Attitudes of peer reviews. Revista canária de estudios ingleses.
● 228 evaluations of manuscripts submitted to English for
Specific Purposes (1998-2004);
● Evaluation by 56 different reviewers;
● Manuscripts organized by type of author (native, non-native);
● Further separated into 3 categories (Accept,
Revise/Resubmit and Reject).

Preconceito?
(NON-NATIVE)
(‘REJECT’)
(NATIVE)

Evidências de preconceito?● “It was not always possible … to decide whether a comment
was referring to language or content.” (p. 53)
● “While number of (comments on language) for NNES-
authored papers is higher … NES authors appear to attract
more criticism. […] (T)here is no clear evidence that NNES
authors are disadvantaged relative to NES authors because
they do not have English as a first language.” (p. 60)

Mas… e aquela tabela então?
● (Of the 25 reviews with explanation for rejection), “6 (24%)
explicitly stated that the papers offered nothing new or of
interest to the readership and a further 3 (12%) said the
papers reported work that was outside the field of ESP.”

Mas… e aquela tabela então?● (Dos 25 pareceres que deram motivos explícitos para
rejeitar), “6 (24%) explicitly stated that the papers offered
nothing new or of interest to the readership and a further 3
(12%) said the papers reported work that was outside the
field of ESP. In the corresponding 15 reviews of NES-
authored papers, 2 (13%) said they offered nothing new or
of interest and none claimed that they were not ESP-
related.” (p. 60)

“Whatever the reasons,
they appear to lie outside
any difficulties authors may
have had in producing
written English.” (p. 61)

Why article are rejected
● Belcher, D. D. (2007). Seeking acceptance in an English-only
research world. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16(1), 1–22.
● Bordage, G. (2001). Reasons reviewers reject and accept
manuscripts: the strengths and weaknesses in medical education
reports. Academic Medicine.
● Pierson, D. J. (2012). The Top 10 Reasons Why Manuscripts Are Not
Accepted for Publication. Respiratory Care, 49(10).

Motivos mais comuns para rejeição:
Belcher (2007) Bordage (2001) Pierson (2012)
Wrong journal X ✓ X
Faulty method ✓ ✓ ✓
Lack of transparency X ✓ ✓
Problems with statistics X ✓ ✓
Poor Discussion (or overstating importance
of findings)
✓ ✓ ✓
Improper formatting X ✓ X
Writing difficult to follow ✓ ✓ ✓
Inadequate review of the literature ✓ ✓ ✓
Nothing new ✓ ✓ ✓
Contribution not clear ✓ ✓ X
Poor English X X X

Reasons articles get accepted (Bordage, 2001)

Example
(from TESOL
Quarterly)

Aquele exemplo de novo…

Exemplo:

Hyland (2016)
● “I am not, of course, claiming peer review to be perfect. […]
There is, however, little evidence to support the idea that
there is a widespread and systematic bias against writers
whose first language is not English.” (p. 66)

2011

There are no native
academic writers.

Beyond English, beyond "produção"

Learn to tell a
research
story

I live in Curitiba., where it
rains a lot.
I have many umbrellas.

Contributors to publication success (or failure)
LANGUAGE
WRITING
THE RESEARCH

I live on Curitiba.
I has many umbrellas.

• This is site is important for many activities
throughout the semester.
• Necessary for full evaluation of student.
ALUN@S

Assessment • There will be ongoing assessment
throughout the semester (e.g.
GoFormative, Introduction);
• Your final grade will be based partly on the
final article, which will be graded by both
Dr. Ron Martinez and your advisor
(“orientador”). This grade will also reflect
your engagement throughout the
semester.

Other sources of help
YOUR ADVISOR

Help from
• Durante class: Team
members will be present to
answer questions;
• After class: Personalized
help (see our class
website).

Advisor (“orientador”) involvement
• Throughout the course, there will be a number of
activities that should involve your advisor;
• This involvement does not require knowledge of
English;
• You must register your advisor on the class
website (go to www.drronmartinez.com)

On our old site, and new one ...
Todos os
PowerPoints de cada
aula (disponíveis no
dia)
Resumos das aulas
(disponíveis somente
depois)
Links para leitura,
diversos recursos
úteis,etc.

Cronograma da Disciplina
• 15/08 - Introdução
• 22/08 - IMRaD, Os erros mais comuns, uso
de alguns recursos eletrônicos
• 29/08 - Planejamento estratégico do artigo:
CARS e outras estratégias
• 05/09 - Título, Resumo e Introdução
• 12/09 - Escrita da Introdução
• 19/09 - Conceitos coerência, coesão e
clareza, e uso de voz autoral
• 26/09 - (Introduction due)
Escrita dos Resultados
• 03/10- Escrita da Discussão
• 10/10 - Discutindo e Concluindo
• 17/10 - Writing (no class)
• 24/10 - Students exchange articles (no class)
• 31/10 - (peer feedback due) Plagiarism, the
submission process
• 07/11 - Special guest speaker on journal
trends

Thank you, and don’t
forget to...
• Register in Formative
• Complete the Student and Advisor
questionnaire (on our class page)
• Do the activity ("Module 1 -
Introduction") in Formative

Introduction to Academic Writing and Publishing in English (2018)

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