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The document outlines a study examining experiences with queer labeling and gender identities. It includes an introduction, literature review on related topics, operational definitions of terms, research rationale, methodology, proposed analyses, and future directions. The study uses a mixed methods design to understand patterns in responses to different gender identity labels across demographics and evaluate contexts for acceptable label usage. Hypotheses predict the most favorable responses will be from transfeminine individuals and within the trans community.

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+ Trans* Language: Queer Labeling Experiences Across Gender Identities A First-Year Project by Jo Forrest-Stuart
+ Road Map Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language 4. Results ■ Demographics ■ Present Data ■ Present Significant Findings ■ Hypotheses Supported? 5. Discussion ■ Interpret Results ■ Qualitative Response Analyses ■ Limitations 6. Future Research ■ Modifications needed ■ Additional Studies Presentation Overview 1. Explain Trans* Language ■ Differentiate between: a. Gender Identity b. Gender Expression c. Biological Sex d. Attraction ■ Define specific terminology ■ What is Trans*? 2. Why Study Trans* Language? 3. Review Literature: ■ Gendered Language ■ Trans*-Focused ■ Trans* Language
+ Operational Definitions Gender Identity Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language an individual’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else. (not necessarily visible to others)
+ Operational Definitions Gender Expression Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language the way an individual presents gender through actions, dress, and demeanor, and how those presentations are interpreted based on gender norms.
+ Operational Definitions Biology & Sexual Orientation Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Anatomy/Genitals | Sexual/Romantic Attraction
+ Operational Definitions ■ Transgender: an umbrella term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior is different from those typically assigned at birth. ■ Queer: an umbrella term used to refer to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. ■ Transmasculine: anyone with a masculine-of-center identity, usually those not assigned male at birth. ■ Transfeminine: anyone with a feminine- of-center identity, usually those not assigned female at birth. ■ Gender Variant: a term for individuals whose gender identity and expression are different from societal expectations related to gender. ■ Agender: a term for people who do not identify with or conform to any gender. (Without gender). Gender Identity Umbrella Terms Gender Identities & Expressions Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Cisgender: an individual whose gender identity matches the sex assigned to them at birth.
+ Operational Definitions ■ as a prefix has 3 meanings: ■ change (transform) ■ across (transcontinental) ■ beyond or through (transcutaneous) Trans Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Trans* ■ an abbreviated version of Transgender. ■ considered by some to be more inclusive of all gender variant persons under the Transgender umbrella. Trans & Trans*
+ Research Rationale ■ lack of consistency across queer theory literature ■ no explicitly defined (nor universally accepted) umbrella term for the trans* community ■ the existence of cisgender researchers in the realm of trans*- focused research is problematic. Why study Trans* Language? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Literature Review Gendered Language Research Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (American Psychological Association, 1980; Hooks, 1994; Alcoff, 1996; McIntosh, 1998; Butler, 2004; Garland-Thompson, 2008; Nash, 2010; Enke, 2012; Hagen & Galupo, 2014) ■ Generic masculine language (“he” & “man”) in publications ■ Misgendering: presumptively defines and labels ■ “They” as a common third-person singular pronoun ■ Lexical boundaries & limitations based on privilege ■ to avoid unintentional language biases (the –isms) ■ Social location: language transgressions from minority populations to general population ■ Gender-neutral professional titles ■ e.g., Flight Attendant, Mail Carrier, Police Officer ■ Erasure of gender norms = erasure of identities “With gender so deeply woven into language, defining what specifically gendered language is can be difficult” (Hagen & Galupo, 2014).
+ Literature Review Trans*-Focused Literature Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (Hirchfeld, 1910, 1923; Cauldwell, 1947, 1953; Benjamin, 1966; Prince, 1979; DSM-III, 1980; Feinberg, 1990; Bradley, 2012) ■ Evolution of the Transgender Umbrella ■ 1910: Transsexual ■ 1960s: Transgenderism emerges ■ Biological sex ≠ gender identity ■ 1980: DSM-III adds transsexualism to disorder list ■ 1990: Transgender as an umbrella term to include ■ transsexuals, gender variant, gender nonconformists ■ 2012: Transgender umbrella problematic ■ Erasure: corrals different identities with different needs into a single sociopolitical grouping ■ Transsexual label reclaimed ■ Gender variant community deviate from “trans-” labeling
+ Literature Review Trans* Language Research Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (Alcoff, 1996; Stryker, Currah and Moore, 2008; Enke, 2012; Bradley, 2012; Bender-Baird, 2013) ■ Literature that addresses trans* language disparities: 1. Medically-focused ■ Eg., language barriers in healthcare 2. Transfeminist arguments for feminist publications inclusion 3. Critiques of cisgender bias in queer/women’s literature 4. Non-scholarly social media forums ■ Labeling & Language Evolution Inconsistencies ■ across medical, psycho-social, and pop culture ■ across/between cis* & trans* researchers ■ across the same researcher over time “Gender and women’s studies scholars regularly request glossaries of trans terminologies [reflecting] the non-integration of transgender in gender studies thus far, but perhaps equally [reflecting] the fact that no standard lexicon exists; vocabularies and uses are invented and just as quickly challenged as we discover their unintended implications, exclusions, and limitations” (Enke, 2012).
+ Present Study ■ The present study will employ a mixed methods design to examine the boundaries of trans* labeling and language by exploring quantitative patterns of responses across gender identity. ■ Two Overall Research Questions: 1. Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? 2. In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Overview Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Methodology Participants Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ N= 532 (completed) ■ Restrictions: ■ age 18+ ■ must self-identify as transgender or gender variant ■ Online Snowball Recruitment: ■ Social Psychology Network ■ Psychological Research on the Net ■ Social Media (e.g. Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter) ■ National Transgender Organizations ■ LGBTQ List-Serves
+ Methodology Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ Survey Monkey: survey method administered online ■ link: www.surveymonkey.com/translanguage ■ January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2015 ■ Study Title: “Trans* Language” ■ Informed consent ■ Demographics questionnaire ■ Survey administered ■ Debriefing statement ■ principal investigator’s contact information ■ Participants fully informed as to the nature of the study ■ Anticipated time: 35 minutes ■ Personal identifying information will not be collected from the participants. ■ Data will be recorded and stored electronically ■ VeriSign SSL Certificate: only accessible to principal investigator and faculty mentor.
+ Methodology ■ Participant Gender Identity Measure: Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Methodology ■ Research Question 1: Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Methodology ■ Research Question 2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language People conceptualize their gender identity in various ways. Below are terms someone may choose to identify with. Please respond to the following prompts, indicating your level of familiarity, frequency and acceptability of use.
+ Methodology ■ Additional Qualitative Questions Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Analyses ■ Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? ■ Design: Chi Square ■ H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. Research Question 1 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transfeminine Transmasculine Gender Variant Agender Yes, I prefer the transgender umbrella Yes, but I prefer another term to transgender umbrella No, I don’t think there can be an accurate umbrella term
+ Analyses ■ In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design A: Paired T-Tests ■ H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Comparisons Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer Trans* vs. LGBQ Community Trans* vs. Cis* Hetero Community LGBQ vs. Cis* Hetero Community
+ Analyses ■ In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design B: Two-Ways Repeated Measures ANOVA ■ H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* Community LGBQ Community CIS* HETERO Community
+ Analyses ■ In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design C: Paired T-Tests ■ H3: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transgender Comparison: Trans* Gender Variant Queer LGBQ Community CIS* HETERO Community
+ Results Demographics Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Race/Ethnicity: 78% Caucasian Residency: 75% United States
+ Results ■ RQ1: Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Design: Chi Square Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transfeminine Transmasculine Gender Variant Agender Yes, I prefer the transgender umbrella 67 (36.8%) 53 (26.2%) 17 (21.8%) 12 (30.0%) Yes, but I prefer another term to transgender umbrella 86 (47.3%) 121 (59.9%) 36 (46.2%) 16 (40.0%) No, I don’t think there can be an accurate umbrella term 29 (15.9%) 28 (13.9%) 25 (32.1%) 12 (30.0%) There is a significant difference in umbrella term acceptability across gender identities. X2 (6, N=502)=23.84, p. < .001. (The computed X2 is greater than the critical value, 16.81 at the .01 level). Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
+ Results ■ RQ1: Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Design: Chi Square Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni ✓ ✗
+ Results ■ RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design A: Paired t-tests Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Comparisons Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* vs. LGBQ Community TC 4.25 > 4.08 d = .32 TC 4.88 > 4.81 d=.20 Not significant LGBQ 4.27 < 4.42 d=.18 TRANS* vs. CIS* HETERO Community TC 4.24 > 4.00 d=.32 TC 4.88 > 4.74 d=.29 TC 4.53 > 4.10 d=.42 TC 4.26 > 3.17 d=.76 LGBQ vs. CIS* HETERO Community Not significant LGBQ 4.81 > 4.74 d=.19 LGBQ 4.46 > 4.11 d=.40 LGBQ 4.42 > 3.17 d=.88 H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ✓ ✓ ✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
+ Results ■ RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design B: 2-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* Community 4.37 4.89 4.53 4.30 LGBQ Community 4.19 4.83 4.51 4.45 CIS* HETERO Community 4.09 4.75 4.30 3.13 Significant Interaction Effect of Terms and Community: F(2.75, 364.11)= 35.076, p < .001 H3: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. H4: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ✓ ✓ ✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni Estimated Marginal Means of Label x Community
+ Results ■ RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design B: 2-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
+ Results ■ RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design C: Paired t-tests Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transgender Comparison: Trans* Gender Variant Queer Queer Community Transgender 4.80 > 4.08 d = .54 Transgender 4.82 > 4.46 d=.31 Transgender 4.83<4.423 d=.36 Cis* Hetero Community Transgender 4.73 > 4.00 d=.54 Transgender 4.75 > 4.11 d=.42 Transgender 4.75 > 3.18 d=.94 H5: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. ✓✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
+ Discussion RQ1: Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ More transmasculine participants were overall in favor of the use of an umbrella term, with more transfeminine participants specifically favoring transgender as the designated umbrella term. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Tendency for Non-Trans* Communities to conflate “Transgender” with “Transsexual”, assuming anyone under the umbrella has/desires to alter their bodies. ■ Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Gender Performance should be more clearly separated. ■ Cis* people can be Gender Variant in their Expression/Performance, but cannot be Trans*. ■ i.e., Masculine Women, Feminine Men, Cross-dressers, Drag Kings/Queens.
+ Discussion RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H1/H3: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ Trans*-identified participants rate trans* labeling to be the most acceptable within their own community across all terms except “Queer”. ■ “Queer” is rated as most acceptable within LGBQ community. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ “Queer” is a broad umbrella term for the entire LGBTQ community, as it encompasses both gender identity variance and sexual orientation minorities. ■ “Gender Queer” better applies to the Trans* community
+ Discussion RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H2/H4: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ■ Across all Communities, “Transgender” is rated the as the most acceptable label, followed by “Trans*” ■ “Queer” was the least favorable label. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Due to it’s historically derogatory connotations, “Queer” is very unpopular with older Trans* people, and regarded as not appropriate for Cis* Hetero people to use without permission.
+ Discussion RQ2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H5: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. ■ Across all Communities, “Transgender” is rated the as the most acceptable label. ■ “Queer” was the least favorable label. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Trans*: ■ Asterisk: origin rooted in an attack on trans-women from gender variant/non-binary community, and has a transmysoginistic connotation. Ultimately used to “exclude” trans-women. ■ Trans*/Trans: removing the “-gender” suffix allows for inclusion of both sex/gender variance.
+ Discussion Limitations Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ Uneven Sample Distribution (N = 532) ■ 415 (78%) White ■ 25 Latino ■ 11 Black ■ 6 Asian ■ 1 Native American ■ 412 Transmasculine/Transfeminine ■ 78 Gender Variant ■ 42 Agender ■ 128 (24%) Non-US Residents ■ Online survey = globally accessible ■ Study is not culturally universal ■ 58% Gender Variant/Agender Sample
+ Discussion ■ Vague question wording ■ Who? ■ About Whom? ■ Self-identified first? Limitations Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ Future Research Modifications & Additional Studies Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ US Residency Restrictions ■ Informed consent form ■ Demographics filter ■ Separate study for QPOC ■ Modified labels/wording based on current qualitative data ■ Part of 3-level Tiered Study ■ Pt. 1: Trans*-identified participants ■ Pt. 2: LGBQ-identified participants ■ Pt. 3: Cis* Hetero-identified participants
+ What did we learn today? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language 3. My Study: ■ Umbrella labels can be useful but problematic. ■ Transgender is still the most widely used and accepted umbrella term, but there is growing criticism of it’s underrepresentation. ■ Trans* is controversial due to it’s historically transmisogynistic roots ■ Queer is not a favorable umbrella term regardless of the community it’s being used to describe, but is better suited for the entire LGBTQ community and not the Trans* community. ■ There are a lot of white trans* people taking only surveys. 1. Trans* Language ■ What is Trans*? ■ Differences between: a. Gender Identity b. Gender Expression c. Biological Sex d. Attraction 2. Why Study Trans* Language? ■ No standard lexicon exists ■ Dearth of Trans* Language Literature ■ Parallels with Gendered Language Literature
+ References Alcoff, L. (1996). The Problem in Speaking for Others. New York: Routledge. Allen, M. (2011). The Death of the Transgender Umbrella from theBilericoProject.org. American Psychological Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Ansara, G. & Hegarty, P. (2013). Misgendering in English language contexts: Applying non-cisgenderist methods to feminist research. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 7(2): 160–177. Bender-Baird, K. "Cisgendered researcher on trans-focused research". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Women's Studies Association, Millennium Hotel, Cincinnati, OH. 2013-12-14 from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p230384_index.html Benjamin, H. (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. New York: Sexology Corporation. Bodine, A. (1975). Androcentrism in prescriptive gram-mar: Singular ‘they’, sex-indefinite ‘he’, and ‘he or she’. Language in Society, 4, 129–146. Bradley, O. (2012). They Need Labels: Contemporary Institutional and Popular Frameworks for Gender Variance. Antropology Thesis from Georgia State University. Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge. Cauldwell. (1947). What Is Hermaphroditism? New York: Routledge. Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concern. (1991). Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language. American Psychologist, 46, 973-974. Cromwell, J. (1999). Transmen and FTMS: Identities, bodies, gender, and sexualities. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. D’Arcy, J. (2012). Gender identity and children who struggle with it. From HuffingtonPost.com Dargie, E. et al. (2014). Somewhere under the rainbow: Exploring the identities and experiences of trans persons. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 60–74. Davidson, M. (2007). "Seeking Refuge Under the Umbrella: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Organizing Within the Category Transgender." Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 4.4, 60-80. Davis, E. C. (2009). Situating “fluidity” (trans) gender identification and the regulation of gender diversity. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 15, 97–130. Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (2003). Language and gender. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Enke, A. (Ed.). (2012). Transfeminist perspectives in and beyond transgender and gender studies. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Enke. (2014). The Education of Little Cis. In The Transgender Reader 2. Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ References Fassinger, R. E., & Arseneau, J. R. (2007). “I’d rather get wet than be under the umbrella”: Differentiating the experiences and identities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and Ktrans-gender clients, 19–49. Feinberg, L. (1990). Transgender Warrior . Boston: Beacon Press. Galupo, M. P., Bauerband, L. A.*, Gonzalez, K. A.*, Hagen, D. B.*, Hether, S.* & Krum, T.* (2014). Transgender Friendship Experiences: Benefits and barriers of friendships across gender identity and sexual orientation. Feminism & Psychology, 24(2), 193-215. Garland-Thompson. (2008). Misfits: A Feminist Materialist Disability Concept Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Trans-gender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Gender Equity Resource Center at University of Berkeley. (2014). Definition of terms. retrieved from: http://geneq.berkeley.edu/lgbt_resources_definiton_of_terms#top Hagen, D. B.* & Galupo, M. P. (2014). Trans* individuals' experiences of gendered language with healthcare providers: Recommendations for practitioners. International Journal of Transgenderism, 15, 16-34. Herek, G. M., Kimmel, D. C., Amaro, H., & Melton, G. B. (1991). Avoiding Heterosexist Bias in Psychological Research. American Psychologist, 46(9), 957-963. Hill, M.R. & Mays, J. (2014). The Gender Book. Houston, TX: Marshall House Press Hirchfeld, M. (1910). Transvestites: The Erotic Drive to Cross-Dress [Die Transvestiten]. translated by Michael Lombardi-Nash. Buffalo: Prometheus Books (1991). Hook, B. (1994). Feminism is for Everybody. New York, NY: Routeledge. Kirby, A. (2008). What is Trans? Tools for an open dialogue, in WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly, 36: 3 & 4, Fall/Winter, pp. 292-293. Killerman, S. (2014). TRANS*. From ItsPronouncedMetroSexual.com Koyama. (2003). Transfeminist Manifesto. in Catching a Wave: reclaiming feminism for the 21st century. Northeastern University Press. Kessler, S. & McKenna, W. (1978). Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach. New York: Wiley. Martin. (2013). Dear White People, Stop Appropriating from Black People McIntosh. (1998). White Privledge: Unpacking the Invisible Backpack. In Multiculturlism. New York. Munoz, V. & Garrison, E.K. (2008). Transpedagogies: A roundtable dialogue in, WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly, 36: 3-4, Fall/Winter, pp. 288-308. Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
+ References Nadal, K. L., Skolnik, A., & Wong, Y. (2012). Interpersonal and systemic microaggressions toward transgender people: Implications for counseling. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 6(1), 55–82. Namaste, V. (2000). Invisible lives: The erasure of trans-sexual and transgender people. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press. Namaste, V. (2009). Undoing theory: The ‘Transgender Question’ and the epistemic violence of Anglo-American feminist theory. Hypatia, 24(3), 11–32. Nanda, S. (2000). Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. Nash. (2010). Queer Conversations. New York. National Center for Transgender Equality. (2009). Transgender Terminology. Resources page: transequality.org/resoruces/NCTE_Transterminology.pdf Prewitt-Freilino, J. L., Caswell, T. A., & Laakso, E. K. (2012). The gendering of language: A comparison of gender equality in countries with gendered, natural gender, and genderless languages. Sex Roles, 66, 268–281. Prince. (1979). Charles to Virginia: Sex research as a personl experience. In The Frontiers of Sex Research, ed. Vern Bullough, 167-175, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Serano, J. (2007). Whipping girl: A transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity. Emeryville,CA: Seal Press. Spade, D. (2008). Documenting Gender. Hastings Law Journal, 59, 731-841. Stryker, S., Currah, P., & Moore, L. J. (2008). Introduction: Trans-, trans, or transgender?. WSQ: Women Studies Quarterly, 36(3), 11–22. Weatherall, A. (2002). Gender, language, and discourse. New York, NY: Routledge. Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language A Special Thank You: • Dr. Paz Galupo • Brie Hagen • Eddie Lomash
+ Questions? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language

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Trans language for tableau

  • 1.
    + Trans* Language: Queer LabelingExperiences Across Gender Identities A First-Year Project by Jo Forrest-Stuart
  • 2.
    + Road Map LiteratureReview Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language 4. Results ■ Demographics ■ Present Data ■ Present Significant Findings ■ Hypotheses Supported? 5. Discussion ■ Interpret Results ■ Qualitative Response Analyses ■ Limitations 6. Future Research ■ Modifications needed ■ Additional Studies Presentation Overview 1. Explain Trans* Language ■ Differentiate between: a. Gender Identity b. Gender Expression c. Biological Sex d. Attraction ■ Define specific terminology ■ What is Trans*? 2. Why Study Trans* Language? 3. Review Literature: ■ Gendered Language ■ Trans*-Focused ■ Trans* Language
  • 3.
    + Operational Definitions GenderIdentity Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language an individual’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else. (not necessarily visible to others)
  • 4.
    + Operational Definitions GenderExpression Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language the way an individual presents gender through actions, dress, and demeanor, and how those presentations are interpreted based on gender norms.
  • 5.
    + Operational Definitions Biology& Sexual Orientation Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Anatomy/Genitals | Sexual/Romantic Attraction
  • 6.
    + Operational Definitions ■Transgender: an umbrella term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior is different from those typically assigned at birth. ■ Queer: an umbrella term used to refer to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. ■ Transmasculine: anyone with a masculine-of-center identity, usually those not assigned male at birth. ■ Transfeminine: anyone with a feminine- of-center identity, usually those not assigned female at birth. ■ Gender Variant: a term for individuals whose gender identity and expression are different from societal expectations related to gender. ■ Agender: a term for people who do not identify with or conform to any gender. (Without gender). Gender Identity Umbrella Terms Gender Identities & Expressions Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Cisgender: an individual whose gender identity matches the sex assigned to them at birth.
  • 7.
    + Operational Definitions ■as a prefix has 3 meanings: ■ change (transform) ■ across (transcontinental) ■ beyond or through (transcutaneous) Trans Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Trans* ■ an abbreviated version of Transgender. ■ considered by some to be more inclusive of all gender variant persons under the Transgender umbrella. Trans & Trans*
  • 8.
    + Research Rationale ■lack of consistency across queer theory literature ■ no explicitly defined (nor universally accepted) umbrella term for the trans* community ■ the existence of cisgender researchers in the realm of trans*- focused research is problematic. Why study Trans* Language? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 9.
    + Literature Review GenderedLanguage Research Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (American Psychological Association, 1980; Hooks, 1994; Alcoff, 1996; McIntosh, 1998; Butler, 2004; Garland-Thompson, 2008; Nash, 2010; Enke, 2012; Hagen & Galupo, 2014) ■ Generic masculine language (“he” & “man”) in publications ■ Misgendering: presumptively defines and labels ■ “They” as a common third-person singular pronoun ■ Lexical boundaries & limitations based on privilege ■ to avoid unintentional language biases (the –isms) ■ Social location: language transgressions from minority populations to general population ■ Gender-neutral professional titles ■ e.g., Flight Attendant, Mail Carrier, Police Officer ■ Erasure of gender norms = erasure of identities “With gender so deeply woven into language, defining what specifically gendered language is can be difficult” (Hagen & Galupo, 2014).
  • 10.
    + Literature Review Trans*-FocusedLiterature Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (Hirchfeld, 1910, 1923; Cauldwell, 1947, 1953; Benjamin, 1966; Prince, 1979; DSM-III, 1980; Feinberg, 1990; Bradley, 2012) ■ Evolution of the Transgender Umbrella ■ 1910: Transsexual ■ 1960s: Transgenderism emerges ■ Biological sex ≠ gender identity ■ 1980: DSM-III adds transsexualism to disorder list ■ 1990: Transgender as an umbrella term to include ■ transsexuals, gender variant, gender nonconformists ■ 2012: Transgender umbrella problematic ■ Erasure: corrals different identities with different needs into a single sociopolitical grouping ■ Transsexual label reclaimed ■ Gender variant community deviate from “trans-” labeling
  • 11.
    + Literature Review Trans*Language Research Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language (Alcoff, 1996; Stryker, Currah and Moore, 2008; Enke, 2012; Bradley, 2012; Bender-Baird, 2013) ■ Literature that addresses trans* language disparities: 1. Medically-focused ■ Eg., language barriers in healthcare 2. Transfeminist arguments for feminist publications inclusion 3. Critiques of cisgender bias in queer/women’s literature 4. Non-scholarly social media forums ■ Labeling & Language Evolution Inconsistencies ■ across medical, psycho-social, and pop culture ■ across/between cis* & trans* researchers ■ across the same researcher over time “Gender and women’s studies scholars regularly request glossaries of trans terminologies [reflecting] the non-integration of transgender in gender studies thus far, but perhaps equally [reflecting] the fact that no standard lexicon exists; vocabularies and uses are invented and just as quickly challenged as we discover their unintended implications, exclusions, and limitations” (Enke, 2012).
  • 12.
    + Present Study ■The present study will employ a mixed methods design to examine the boundaries of trans* labeling and language by exploring quantitative patterns of responses across gender identity. ■ Two Overall Research Questions: 1. Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? 2. In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Overview Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 13.
    + Methodology Participants Literature Review RoadMap Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ N= 532 (completed) ■ Restrictions: ■ age 18+ ■ must self-identify as transgender or gender variant ■ Online Snowball Recruitment: ■ Social Psychology Network ■ Psychological Research on the Net ■ Social Media (e.g. Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter) ■ National Transgender Organizations ■ LGBTQ List-Serves
  • 14.
    + Methodology Procedure Literature Review RoadMap Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ Survey Monkey: survey method administered online ■ link: www.surveymonkey.com/translanguage ■ January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2015 ■ Study Title: “Trans* Language” ■ Informed consent ■ Demographics questionnaire ■ Survey administered ■ Debriefing statement ■ principal investigator’s contact information ■ Participants fully informed as to the nature of the study ■ Anticipated time: 35 minutes ■ Personal identifying information will not be collected from the participants. ■ Data will be recorded and stored electronically ■ VeriSign SSL Certificate: only accessible to principal investigator and faculty mentor.
  • 15.
    + Methodology ■ ParticipantGender Identity Measure: Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 16.
    + Methodology ■ ResearchQuestion 1: Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 17.
    + Methodology ■ ResearchQuestion 2: In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language People conceptualize their gender identity in various ways. Below are terms someone may choose to identify with. Please respond to the following prompts, indicating your level of familiarity, frequency and acceptability of use.
  • 18.
    + Methodology ■ AdditionalQualitative Questions Procedure Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 19.
    + Analyses ■ Isthere/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? ■ Design: Chi Square ■ H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. Research Question 1 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transfeminine Transmasculine Gender Variant Agender Yes, I prefer the transgender umbrella Yes, but I prefer another term to transgender umbrella No, I don’t think there can be an accurate umbrella term
  • 20.
    + Analyses ■ Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design A: Paired T-Tests ■ H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Comparisons Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer Trans* vs. LGBQ Community Trans* vs. Cis* Hetero Community LGBQ vs. Cis* Hetero Community
  • 21.
    + Analyses ■ Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design B: Two-Ways Repeated Measures ANOVA ■ H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* Community LGBQ Community CIS* HETERO Community
  • 22.
    + Analyses ■ Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? ■ Design C: Paired T-Tests ■ H3: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. Research Question 2 Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transgender Comparison: Trans* Gender Variant Queer LGBQ Community CIS* HETERO Community
  • 23.
    + Results Demographics Literature Review RoadMap Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Race/Ethnicity: 78% Caucasian Residency: 75% United States
  • 24.
    + Results ■ RQ1:Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Design: Chi Square Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transfeminine Transmasculine Gender Variant Agender Yes, I prefer the transgender umbrella 67 (36.8%) 53 (26.2%) 17 (21.8%) 12 (30.0%) Yes, but I prefer another term to transgender umbrella 86 (47.3%) 121 (59.9%) 36 (46.2%) 16 (40.0%) No, I don’t think there can be an accurate umbrella term 29 (15.9%) 28 (13.9%) 25 (32.1%) 12 (30.0%) There is a significant difference in umbrella term acceptability across gender identities. X2 (6, N=502)=23.84, p. < .001. (The computed X2 is greater than the critical value, 16.81 at the .01 level). Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
  • 25.
    + Results ■ RQ1:Is there/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Design: Chi Square Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni ✓ ✗
  • 26.
    + Results ■ RQ2:In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design A: Paired t-tests Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Comparisons Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* vs. LGBQ Community TC 4.25 > 4.08 d = .32 TC 4.88 > 4.81 d=.20 Not significant LGBQ 4.27 < 4.42 d=.18 TRANS* vs. CIS* HETERO Community TC 4.24 > 4.00 d=.32 TC 4.88 > 4.74 d=.29 TC 4.53 > 4.10 d=.42 TC 4.26 > 3.17 d=.76 LGBQ vs. CIS* HETERO Community Not significant LGBQ 4.81 > 4.74 d=.19 LGBQ 4.46 > 4.11 d=.40 LGBQ 4.42 > 3.17 d=.88 H1: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. H2: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ✓ ✓ ✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
  • 27.
    + Results ■ RQ2:In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design B: 2-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Community Trans* Transgender Gender Variant Queer TRANS* Community 4.37 4.89 4.53 4.30 LGBQ Community 4.19 4.83 4.51 4.45 CIS* HETERO Community 4.09 4.75 4.30 3.13 Significant Interaction Effect of Terms and Community: F(2.75, 364.11)= 35.076, p < .001 H3: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. H4: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ✓ ✓ ✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni Estimated Marginal Means of Label x Community
  • 28.
    + Results ■ RQ2:In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design B: 2-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
  • 29.
    + Results ■ RQ2:In which context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Design C: Paired t-tests Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language Transgender Comparison: Trans* Gender Variant Queer Queer Community Transgender 4.80 > 4.08 d = .54 Transgender 4.82 > 4.46 d=.31 Transgender 4.83<4.423 d=.36 Cis* Hetero Community Transgender 4.73 > 4.00 d=.54 Transgender 4.75 > 4.11 d=.42 Transgender 4.75 > 3.18 d=.94 H5: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. ✓✗ Type I Error: adjust to avoid using Bonferroni
  • 30.
    + Discussion RQ1: Isthere/can there be a modern umbrella term to generalize the trans* community? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H1: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of the transgender umbrella than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ H2: More transfeminine individuals will be in favor of using an umbrella term than transmasculine, gender variant, and agender individuals. ■ More transmasculine participants were overall in favor of the use of an umbrella term, with more transfeminine participants specifically favoring transgender as the designated umbrella term. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Tendency for Non-Trans* Communities to conflate “Transgender” with “Transsexual”, assuming anyone under the umbrella has/desires to alter their bodies. ■ Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Gender Performance should be more clearly separated. ■ Cis* people can be Gender Variant in their Expression/Performance, but cannot be Trans*. ■ i.e., Masculine Women, Feminine Men, Cross-dressers, Drag Kings/Queens.
  • 31.
    + Discussion RQ2: Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H1/H3: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest in the TRANS* Community. ■ Trans*-identified participants rate trans* labeling to be the most acceptable within their own community across all terms except “Queer”. ■ “Queer” is rated as most acceptable within LGBQ community. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ “Queer” is a broad umbrella term for the entire LGBTQ community, as it encompasses both gender identity variance and sexual orientation minorities. ■ “Gender Queer” better applies to the Trans* community
  • 32.
    + Discussion RQ2: Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H2/H4: Mean acceptability ratings will be highest for Trans-specific Labels. ■ Across all Communities, “Transgender” is rated the as the most acceptable label, followed by “Trans*” ■ “Queer” was the least favorable label. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Due to it’s historically derogatory connotations, “Queer” is very unpopular with older Trans* people, and regarded as not appropriate for Cis* Hetero people to use without permission.
  • 33.
    + Discussion RQ2: Inwhich context(s) are trans* identity labels acceptable to be used, and by whom? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ H5: Mean acceptability ratings for Transgender will be higher than Gender Variant or Queer for LGBQ and Cis* Hetero Communities, but will be equal to Trans* ratings. ■ Across all Communities, “Transgender” is rated the as the most acceptable label. ■ “Queer” was the least favorable label. ■ Qualitative Response Rationale: ■ Trans*: ■ Asterisk: origin rooted in an attack on trans-women from gender variant/non-binary community, and has a transmysoginistic connotation. Ultimately used to “exclude” trans-women. ■ Trans*/Trans: removing the “-gender” suffix allows for inclusion of both sex/gender variance.
  • 34.
    + Discussion Limitations Literature Review RoadMap Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ Uneven Sample Distribution (N = 532) ■ 415 (78%) White ■ 25 Latino ■ 11 Black ■ 6 Asian ■ 1 Native American ■ 412 Transmasculine/Transfeminine ■ 78 Gender Variant ■ 42 Agender ■ 128 (24%) Non-US Residents ■ Online survey = globally accessible ■ Study is not culturally universal ■ 58% Gender Variant/Agender Sample
  • 35.
    + Discussion ■ Vaguequestion wording ■ Who? ■ About Whom? ■ Self-identified first? Limitations Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
  • 36.
    + Future Research Modifications& Additional Studies Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language ■ US Residency Restrictions ■ Informed consent form ■ Demographics filter ■ Separate study for QPOC ■ Modified labels/wording based on current qualitative data ■ Part of 3-level Tiered Study ■ Pt. 1: Trans*-identified participants ■ Pt. 2: LGBQ-identified participants ■ Pt. 3: Cis* Hetero-identified participants
  • 37.
    + What didwe learn today? Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language 3. My Study: ■ Umbrella labels can be useful but problematic. ■ Transgender is still the most widely used and accepted umbrella term, but there is growing criticism of it’s underrepresentation. ■ Trans* is controversial due to it’s historically transmisogynistic roots ■ Queer is not a favorable umbrella term regardless of the community it’s being used to describe, but is better suited for the entire LGBTQ community and not the Trans* community. ■ There are a lot of white trans* people taking only surveys. 1. Trans* Language ■ What is Trans*? ■ Differences between: a. Gender Identity b. Gender Expression c. Biological Sex d. Attraction 2. Why Study Trans* Language? ■ No standard lexicon exists ■ Dearth of Trans* Language Literature ■ Parallels with Gendered Language Literature
  • 38.
    + References Alcoff, L.(1996). The Problem in Speaking for Others. New York: Routledge. Allen, M. (2011). The Death of the Transgender Umbrella from theBilericoProject.org. American Psychological Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Ansara, G. & Hegarty, P. (2013). Misgendering in English language contexts: Applying non-cisgenderist methods to feminist research. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 7(2): 160–177. Bender-Baird, K. "Cisgendered researcher on trans-focused research". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Women's Studies Association, Millennium Hotel, Cincinnati, OH. 2013-12-14 from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p230384_index.html Benjamin, H. (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. New York: Sexology Corporation. Bodine, A. (1975). Androcentrism in prescriptive gram-mar: Singular ‘they’, sex-indefinite ‘he’, and ‘he or she’. Language in Society, 4, 129–146. Bradley, O. (2012). They Need Labels: Contemporary Institutional and Popular Frameworks for Gender Variance. Antropology Thesis from Georgia State University. Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge. Cauldwell. (1947). What Is Hermaphroditism? New York: Routledge. Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concern. (1991). Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language. American Psychologist, 46, 973-974. Cromwell, J. (1999). Transmen and FTMS: Identities, bodies, gender, and sexualities. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. D’Arcy, J. (2012). Gender identity and children who struggle with it. From HuffingtonPost.com Dargie, E. et al. (2014). Somewhere under the rainbow: Exploring the identities and experiences of trans persons. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 60–74. Davidson, M. (2007). "Seeking Refuge Under the Umbrella: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Organizing Within the Category Transgender." Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 4.4, 60-80. Davis, E. C. (2009). Situating “fluidity” (trans) gender identification and the regulation of gender diversity. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 15, 97–130. Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (2003). Language and gender. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Enke, A. (Ed.). (2012). Transfeminist perspectives in and beyond transgender and gender studies. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Enke. (2014). The Education of Little Cis. In The Transgender Reader 2. Literature Review Road Map Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language
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    + Questions? Literature Review RoadMap Operational Definitions Rationale Present Study Methodology Analyses Results Discussion Future Research References Recap Questions Trans* Language