This lecture teaches about how to write research methodology, sampling technique, Research Onion, Durrant's seven pointed typology of Research, research data, theoretical framework and ethical considerations. Its video is present : https://youtu.be/6SOhlBMaa-A

1. How to Write
Research
Methodology?
Zafar Ullah; zafarullah76@gmail.com
Research 10
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2. How to Write Research Methodology
★ How to conduct each step of your research
★ Make flowcharts
★ Rationale/ justification
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3. Research Questions
i. How does text mining summary discover stylometric features from
intermediate English textbooks?
ii. How does an interactive word cloud/ Cirrus reveal major themes and
characters from intermediate English textbooks?
iii.What types of collocation patterns/ n-grams have been unveiled to extract
the standard phraseology with its parts of speech?
iv.How do knowledge graphs present the interrelationship of various key
themes and characters for digital hermeneutics?
v. How does the context of certain ambiguous words disambiguate the word
sense by showing interactive bidirectional context?
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4. Types of Data
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
• Mixed (Qualitative and quantitative)
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5. Theoretical Framework
• Theory
• Find theories from theses, papers, books
• Quote theory postulates in Ch. 4 Data Analysis
• Choose One Sample Thesis/ Paper and its Theory
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6. Research Methodologies
Method and methodologies difference
i. Research Onion
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research philosophy in the
‘research onion’.
ii. Typology of Research
Beissel-Durrant, G. (2004). A typology of research methods within the social
sciences.
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7. Research Methodology i. Research Onion
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8. ii. Durrant (2004)’s Research Typology
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9. Research Instruments
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10. Cont…
• Questionnaire
• Interview
• Text Mining tools/ softwares
• Experimental Model (Pre test, Treatment Phase, Post test)
• Tools: SPSS/ Stata/ Minitab Statistical Software
• ANOVA
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11. Ethical Considerations
● Consent of participants
● Signature on questionnaires
● Permission from school/ college/ university on the letter (Template 3)
(see on next slide)
Siriusdata Google Classroom Code: rbovff2
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13. Research Data
Intermediate English Textbooks Book 1,2, 3,
❖ Short Stories : 15
❖ One Act Plays: 3
❖ Poems: 20
❖ Literary Essays: 10
❖ Biographical Essays: 5
❖ Novel:
‘Goodbye Mr Chips’ by James Hilton
❖ Blogs/ websites/ Books/ads/ newspapers/videos/audios/ images/
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14. Types of Sampling
★ Population
★ Sampling
★ 1. Convenient Sampling
★ 2. Random sampling
★ 3. Systematic Sampling
★ 4. Snowball sampling
★ 5. Stratified Sampling
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15. Pilot Testing
● Open ended Questionnaire
● Closed ended questionnaire
● Interview
● Small level study
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16. Data Visualization
● Change your results into data visualization
● A separate video on how to change your tables into different types of data
visualization
Research 11: Change a Table into Data Visualization Easily
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17. Thanks a lot
Training: Linguistics, Academia,
TEFL, Technology, Research etc
Tutoring: Linguistics,
Literature, IELTS, English for
All classes and all levels
Editing: proofreading
Translation: English, Urdu
Contact:
Whatsapp: 0092-3468620004
Email: zafarullah76@gmail.com 17