This document provides an introduction to small ruminant enterprises. It discusses the characteristics of sheep and goats as small ruminants and describes some of the common breeds. It also outlines the basic requirements for starting a small ruminant operation, including housing, fencing, and other infrastructure needs. Additionally, it presents several enterprise options for sheep and goats, such as meat, dairy, fiber, landscape management, and agri-tourism. Challenges of the industry are also highlighted.
> Vaccination schedule in Goat and sheep
> Important diseases in Caprine and ovine species
> fmd, ppr, enterotoxemia, etc
> Types of Vaccines
>Vaccines available in indian market
> prevention of diseases
This document summarizes common diseases that affect pigs, including salt poisoning, mercury poisoning, head poisoning, mould poisoning, lameness and paralysis, heat stroke, sunburn, constipation, mastitis, metritis, infertility and abortion, agalactia, anaemia, white scours, and para keratosis. It also discusses external parasites like lice and mange mites, internal parasites like roundworms and nodular worms, and protozoan parasites. Finally, it covers contagious viral diseases such as hog cholera, foot and mouth disease, and transmissible gastroenteritis. Prevention focuses on vaccination, sanitation, isolation of sick animals, and providing proper nutrition, housing and care
This document provides an overview of common health problems and diseases in small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It discusses several categories of diseases including digestive, parasitic, respiratory and reproductive. Specific digestive disorders covered in detail include acidosis, bloat, copper toxicity, enterotoxemia, floppy kid syndrome, milk fever, polioencephalomalacia, pregnancy toxemia, scours, and urinary calculi. Causes, symptoms, treatments and preventions are described for each condition.
Artificial insemination requires specialized equipment to collect, store, and transfer bovine semen. Documentation accompanying frozen semen straws includes the sire's identification information as well as collection details. For storage and transport, semen is quickly transferred in bulk from the canister it was purchased in to the farm's liquid nitrogen tank to minimize warming.
Dairy Reproduction: Identifying Problems and Solutions for Your HerdDAIReXNET
Ray Nebel of Select Sires, Inc. presented this information for DAIReXNET on March 17, 2014. A recording of the full presentation can be found at http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars#.Uyigy86nbZU,
This document describes the different types of farm animals found in Pakistan, including their characteristics and purposes. It focuses on buffalo breeds: Nili-Ravi buffaloes are found in central Punjab and are black with some white markings, valued for milk, meat, and draft work. Kundi buffaloes are primarily found in Sindh and are pure black with distinctive curved horns; they produce around 1700-2200 liters of milk per lactation. Azi Kheli buffaloes are found in Swat and have a range of coat colors from albino to piebald to black; they produce around 1800 liters of milk per lactation. The main purposes of these buffalo breeds are milk production
> Vaccination schedule in Goat and sheep
> Important diseases in Caprine and ovine species
> fmd, ppr, enterotoxemia, etc
> Types of Vaccines
>Vaccines available in indian market
> prevention of diseases
This document summarizes common diseases that affect pigs, including salt poisoning, mercury poisoning, head poisoning, mould poisoning, lameness and paralysis, heat stroke, sunburn, constipation, mastitis, metritis, infertility and abortion, agalactia, anaemia, white scours, and para keratosis. It also discusses external parasites like lice and mange mites, internal parasites like roundworms and nodular worms, and protozoan parasites. Finally, it covers contagious viral diseases such as hog cholera, foot and mouth disease, and transmissible gastroenteritis. Prevention focuses on vaccination, sanitation, isolation of sick animals, and providing proper nutrition, housing and care
This document provides an overview of common health problems and diseases in small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It discusses several categories of diseases including digestive, parasitic, respiratory and reproductive. Specific digestive disorders covered in detail include acidosis, bloat, copper toxicity, enterotoxemia, floppy kid syndrome, milk fever, polioencephalomalacia, pregnancy toxemia, scours, and urinary calculi. Causes, symptoms, treatments and preventions are described for each condition.
Artificial insemination requires specialized equipment to collect, store, and transfer bovine semen. Documentation accompanying frozen semen straws includes the sire's identification information as well as collection details. For storage and transport, semen is quickly transferred in bulk from the canister it was purchased in to the farm's liquid nitrogen tank to minimize warming.
Dairy Reproduction: Identifying Problems and Solutions for Your HerdDAIReXNET
Ray Nebel of Select Sires, Inc. presented this information for DAIReXNET on March 17, 2014. A recording of the full presentation can be found at http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars#.Uyigy86nbZU,
This document describes the different types of farm animals found in Pakistan, including their characteristics and purposes. It focuses on buffalo breeds: Nili-Ravi buffaloes are found in central Punjab and are black with some white markings, valued for milk, meat, and draft work. Kundi buffaloes are primarily found in Sindh and are pure black with distinctive curved horns; they produce around 1700-2200 liters of milk per lactation. Azi Kheli buffaloes are found in Swat and have a range of coat colors from albino to piebald to black; they produce around 1800 liters of milk per lactation. The main purposes of these buffalo breeds are milk production
This presentation includes native breeds and exotic breeds of nepal, care and management of newly born calf, heifer, pregnant cow, lactating cow, dry cow, breeding bull and working bullocks
The document discusses parasites and goats at the Dakota Goat Association's statewide conference. It provides an overview of the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which develops novel parasite control methods and educates producers. Key topics covered include the biology of parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and integrated parasite control strategies like combination treatments and copper oxide wire particles.
This document provides an introduction to small ruminant enterprises. It discusses the basics of raising sheep and goats, including their digestive systems, common breeds, and enterprise options. The key requirements for a sheep or goat operation are outlined as feed, fencing, housing, equipment, and labor. Sources of breeding stock and considerations for getting started are also presented. Economics of small ruminant enterprises are addressed, emphasizing the importance of controlling costs, optimizing production efficiency, and smart marketing.
This presentation was given at the 2015 Lambing & Kidding School held at North Harford High School in Pylesville, Maryland. The presenter was Sara Meagher BhaduriHauck.
This document discusses factors related to evaluating and managing stallions at stud, including examining their genetic potential, libido, fertility, and reproductive anatomy and semen quality. Key aspects of a stallion reproductive exam are outlined such as evaluating semen volume, concentration, motility and morphology. Normal parameters for breeding behavior and semen quality are provided.
This document discusses goat production management in India. It provides background on the origins of goats and describes the major goat breeds found in India. It then gives statistics on world and Indian goat populations, with India ranking second globally in goat numbers. Details are provided on goat population and density in different Indian states and districts of West Bengal. The document outlines the contributions of goats to the livestock sector and meat production in India. It discusses the history of goat development programs in India and provides an overview of the All India Coordinated Research Project on goat improvement.
This is a presentation about getting reading for lambing and kidding. It was originally presented by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist at the 2009 Lambing & Kidding School in Waldorf, Maryland.
This document provides information for those considering getting goats. It discusses checking zoning laws and HOA rules, developing facilities and budgets, acquiring goats, and different goat production systems. Key points covered include the need to determine goals for goats, legal and neighbor considerations, ensuring adequate housing, fencing and supplies are in place, and acquiring goats through breeders versus auctions to avoid health risks. Production options like dairy, fiber, meat and vegetation control are overviewed.
This document discusses animal genetic resources and indigenous animal breeds in Nepal. It defines animal genetic resources and genetic diversity. It discusses the need to preserve indigenous animal species for both scientific and economic reasons. Their unique traits make them valuable to research and their genetic diversity provides a resource for animal breeding. Two main preservation methods are described - keeping live animals and cryogenic storage of germplasm like sperm, eggs, and embryos. Several indigenous goat and sheep breeds found in Nepal are then outlined, including their characteristics, population size, and importance to local farming systems.
Characteristics of exotic and cross-bred dairy animalsDrMuhammadAshiq
This document describes characteristics of several dairy animal breeds including buffaloes, cattle, and their milk production. It provides details on physical characteristics and production information for Murrah, Pandarpuri, and Surti buffalo breeds. For dairy cattle breeds, it summarizes traits of Holstein-Friesian, Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, and Jersey breeds and their average milk production levels, with Holstein-Friesian producing the most milk on average per cow. The document aims to inform readers about exotic and cross-bred dairy animals.
This document discusses dog behavior and communication. It describes how behavior is the response of dogs to internal and external stimuli. It outlines different types of behaviors like communication, social, reproduction and feeding behaviors. It discusses communication between dogs through visual cues, vocalizations, scent and touch. It also describes social behaviors like play, empathy and leadership hierarchies. The document summarizes reproduction behaviors and how behaviors change throughout a dog's development from puppy to adulthood to elderly years. It stresses the importance of socialization during critical periods of development.
The document discusses factors that can cause repeat breeding in cattle, which is when a female shows normal heat symptoms but does not conceive after more than 2-3 services. It lists congenital and acquired factors in both females and males that can be responsible, including defects in the genital tract, endocrine disorders, disease, semen quality issues, and nutritional/management deficiencies. It provides examples for each category and recommends treatments like hormones, antibiotics, vitamins, and improved management practices.
This presentation covers the Introduction to ruminants, Importance scope and challenges for ruminant production in nepal & status of ruminat production in nepal. Hope this will be helpful for BSc Ag undergraduates
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats. It discusses the most prevalent parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. For parasites, it describes the life cycles and symptoms of internal nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and protozoa. It provides treatment and prevention recommendations for each. For other diseases like pneumonia, footrot, abortion, mastitis, and pregnancy toxemia/milk fever, it discusses causes, clinical signs, and management strategies. The document is an extensive overview of the major health challenges sheep and goat producers may face.
The document outlines the Andhra Pradesh Animal Feed Act of 2020. It establishes a regulatory framework for the manufacture, quality control, distribution, and sale of animal feed in Andhra Pradesh. Key aspects include:
1. Establishing a controlling authority, licensing authority, and quality control committee to oversee implementation and enforcement of the act.
2. Requiring registration and licenses for animal feed businesses and outlining application processes.
3. Empowering authorities to inspect premises, collect samples, and seize non-compliant products.
4. Setting standards and specifications for animal feed manufacturing and composition.
5. Establishing expert committees to advise on technical matters and recommend regulatory changes.
This document discusses various methods of estrus detection in farm animals. It begins by defining estrus as the period when female animals become sexually receptive. Accurate estrus detection is important for achieving optimal fertility and conception rates. Common methods mentioned include using identification tags or markings and keeping daily records through heat expectancy charts, breeding wheels, or computer programs. Additional aids discussed are mount detectors, tailhead markings, activity monitors, and vaginal probes. Regular observation and record keeping are emphasized as the foundation for a successful reproductive program.
This document provides information about horse terminology, colors, markings, breeds, gaits, health, and care. It defines terms like colt, filly, mare and explains how to identify horses. Color terms like bay, chestnut and grey are defined. Common horse breeds such as Quarter Horse, Arabian and Thoroughbred are listed. Gaits including walk, trot, canter and pace are described. Basic horse health, lameness, and treatment concepts are covered at a high level.
This document discusses the economic importance and traits of cattle in Nepal. It describes the seven indigenous cattle breeds found in Nepal, which include Pahadi, Siri, Achami, Yak, Terai, Khaila, and Lulu cattle. It also discusses exotic cattle breeds like Jersey and Holstein that have been introduced. The document outlines breeding policies and improvement strategies recommended by the Department of Livestock Services to upgrade indigenous breeds through crossbreeding while conserving genetic resources. It concludes that indigenous cattle are hardy but have low productivity, so crossbreeding with exotic breeds like Jersey is needed under suitable management conditions in Nepal.
Business case analysis for company x's integrated solution for cattle product...Brand Acumen
Company X's integrated solution seeks to provide customized solutions for cattle producers, feed yards, and packers that work seamlessly. It focuses on meeting unmet needs, mitigating risks, and performance guarantees. The business case analysis conducted interviews with cattle industry experts to evaluate the value of Company X's solution. It assessed current practices, needs, and technologies used by producers, feed yards and packers. The analysis found opportunities to improve quality tracking, performance prediction, and information sharing across the supply chain.
This feasibility report analyzes a mixed herd of 210 goats and 10 cattle over five years. It estimates that the total capital investment will be around PKR 4,023,000 with an annual income of PKR 23,215,000, expenses of PKR 15,185,000 and a profit of PKR 834,500. The capital investment will be recovered within three years and the remaining two years will be purely profitable. The report also provides details on nutritional requirements, housing needs, health management needs, labor requirements and the costs and revenues over the five year period.
This presentation includes native breeds and exotic breeds of nepal, care and management of newly born calf, heifer, pregnant cow, lactating cow, dry cow, breeding bull and working bullocks
The document discusses parasites and goats at the Dakota Goat Association's statewide conference. It provides an overview of the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which develops novel parasite control methods and educates producers. Key topics covered include the biology of parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and integrated parasite control strategies like combination treatments and copper oxide wire particles.
This document provides an introduction to small ruminant enterprises. It discusses the basics of raising sheep and goats, including their digestive systems, common breeds, and enterprise options. The key requirements for a sheep or goat operation are outlined as feed, fencing, housing, equipment, and labor. Sources of breeding stock and considerations for getting started are also presented. Economics of small ruminant enterprises are addressed, emphasizing the importance of controlling costs, optimizing production efficiency, and smart marketing.
This presentation was given at the 2015 Lambing & Kidding School held at North Harford High School in Pylesville, Maryland. The presenter was Sara Meagher BhaduriHauck.
This document discusses factors related to evaluating and managing stallions at stud, including examining their genetic potential, libido, fertility, and reproductive anatomy and semen quality. Key aspects of a stallion reproductive exam are outlined such as evaluating semen volume, concentration, motility and morphology. Normal parameters for breeding behavior and semen quality are provided.
This document discusses goat production management in India. It provides background on the origins of goats and describes the major goat breeds found in India. It then gives statistics on world and Indian goat populations, with India ranking second globally in goat numbers. Details are provided on goat population and density in different Indian states and districts of West Bengal. The document outlines the contributions of goats to the livestock sector and meat production in India. It discusses the history of goat development programs in India and provides an overview of the All India Coordinated Research Project on goat improvement.
This is a presentation about getting reading for lambing and kidding. It was originally presented by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist at the 2009 Lambing & Kidding School in Waldorf, Maryland.
This document provides information for those considering getting goats. It discusses checking zoning laws and HOA rules, developing facilities and budgets, acquiring goats, and different goat production systems. Key points covered include the need to determine goals for goats, legal and neighbor considerations, ensuring adequate housing, fencing and supplies are in place, and acquiring goats through breeders versus auctions to avoid health risks. Production options like dairy, fiber, meat and vegetation control are overviewed.
This document discusses animal genetic resources and indigenous animal breeds in Nepal. It defines animal genetic resources and genetic diversity. It discusses the need to preserve indigenous animal species for both scientific and economic reasons. Their unique traits make them valuable to research and their genetic diversity provides a resource for animal breeding. Two main preservation methods are described - keeping live animals and cryogenic storage of germplasm like sperm, eggs, and embryos. Several indigenous goat and sheep breeds found in Nepal are then outlined, including their characteristics, population size, and importance to local farming systems.
Characteristics of exotic and cross-bred dairy animalsDrMuhammadAshiq
This document describes characteristics of several dairy animal breeds including buffaloes, cattle, and their milk production. It provides details on physical characteristics and production information for Murrah, Pandarpuri, and Surti buffalo breeds. For dairy cattle breeds, it summarizes traits of Holstein-Friesian, Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, and Jersey breeds and their average milk production levels, with Holstein-Friesian producing the most milk on average per cow. The document aims to inform readers about exotic and cross-bred dairy animals.
This document discusses dog behavior and communication. It describes how behavior is the response of dogs to internal and external stimuli. It outlines different types of behaviors like communication, social, reproduction and feeding behaviors. It discusses communication between dogs through visual cues, vocalizations, scent and touch. It also describes social behaviors like play, empathy and leadership hierarchies. The document summarizes reproduction behaviors and how behaviors change throughout a dog's development from puppy to adulthood to elderly years. It stresses the importance of socialization during critical periods of development.
The document discusses factors that can cause repeat breeding in cattle, which is when a female shows normal heat symptoms but does not conceive after more than 2-3 services. It lists congenital and acquired factors in both females and males that can be responsible, including defects in the genital tract, endocrine disorders, disease, semen quality issues, and nutritional/management deficiencies. It provides examples for each category and recommends treatments like hormones, antibiotics, vitamins, and improved management practices.
This presentation covers the Introduction to ruminants, Importance scope and challenges for ruminant production in nepal & status of ruminat production in nepal. Hope this will be helpful for BSc Ag undergraduates
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats. It discusses the most prevalent parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. For parasites, it describes the life cycles and symptoms of internal nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and protozoa. It provides treatment and prevention recommendations for each. For other diseases like pneumonia, footrot, abortion, mastitis, and pregnancy toxemia/milk fever, it discusses causes, clinical signs, and management strategies. The document is an extensive overview of the major health challenges sheep and goat producers may face.
The document outlines the Andhra Pradesh Animal Feed Act of 2020. It establishes a regulatory framework for the manufacture, quality control, distribution, and sale of animal feed in Andhra Pradesh. Key aspects include:
1. Establishing a controlling authority, licensing authority, and quality control committee to oversee implementation and enforcement of the act.
2. Requiring registration and licenses for animal feed businesses and outlining application processes.
3. Empowering authorities to inspect premises, collect samples, and seize non-compliant products.
4. Setting standards and specifications for animal feed manufacturing and composition.
5. Establishing expert committees to advise on technical matters and recommend regulatory changes.
This document discusses various methods of estrus detection in farm animals. It begins by defining estrus as the period when female animals become sexually receptive. Accurate estrus detection is important for achieving optimal fertility and conception rates. Common methods mentioned include using identification tags or markings and keeping daily records through heat expectancy charts, breeding wheels, or computer programs. Additional aids discussed are mount detectors, tailhead markings, activity monitors, and vaginal probes. Regular observation and record keeping are emphasized as the foundation for a successful reproductive program.
This document provides information about horse terminology, colors, markings, breeds, gaits, health, and care. It defines terms like colt, filly, mare and explains how to identify horses. Color terms like bay, chestnut and grey are defined. Common horse breeds such as Quarter Horse, Arabian and Thoroughbred are listed. Gaits including walk, trot, canter and pace are described. Basic horse health, lameness, and treatment concepts are covered at a high level.
This document discusses the economic importance and traits of cattle in Nepal. It describes the seven indigenous cattle breeds found in Nepal, which include Pahadi, Siri, Achami, Yak, Terai, Khaila, and Lulu cattle. It also discusses exotic cattle breeds like Jersey and Holstein that have been introduced. The document outlines breeding policies and improvement strategies recommended by the Department of Livestock Services to upgrade indigenous breeds through crossbreeding while conserving genetic resources. It concludes that indigenous cattle are hardy but have low productivity, so crossbreeding with exotic breeds like Jersey is needed under suitable management conditions in Nepal.
Business case analysis for company x's integrated solution for cattle product...Brand Acumen
Company X's integrated solution seeks to provide customized solutions for cattle producers, feed yards, and packers that work seamlessly. It focuses on meeting unmet needs, mitigating risks, and performance guarantees. The business case analysis conducted interviews with cattle industry experts to evaluate the value of Company X's solution. It assessed current practices, needs, and technologies used by producers, feed yards and packers. The analysis found opportunities to improve quality tracking, performance prediction, and information sharing across the supply chain.
This feasibility report analyzes a mixed herd of 210 goats and 10 cattle over five years. It estimates that the total capital investment will be around PKR 4,023,000 with an annual income of PKR 23,215,000, expenses of PKR 15,185,000 and a profit of PKR 834,500. The capital investment will be recovered within three years and the remaining two years will be purely profitable. The report also provides details on nutritional requirements, housing needs, health management needs, labor requirements and the costs and revenues over the five year period.
This document provides information about various livestock species including cattle, swine, poultry, sheep and goats. For cattle, it discusses common beef and dairy breeds, external anatomy, and production systems. For swine, it covers common breeds, anatomy, and farrowing and finishing production systems. For poultry, it defines the group and common species, describes external anatomy, and defines common terms.
Nutrition is the foundation of good production in small ruminants like sheep and goats. Nutrient requirements depend on several factors including species, size, age, stage of production, level of production like number of fetuses, and climate. Younger and smaller animals require a more nutrient dense diet compared to mature larger animals. Animals in late gestation and lactation have higher energy and mineral needs. Higher producing animals have greater nutritional demands. Proper nutrition is key to optimal health, growth and productivity of small ruminants.
This document discusses cattle husbandry practices in India. It states that cattle are raised for both milk and draught labor. The two main species of cattle in India are Bos indicus (zebu cattle) and Bos bubalis (buffaloes). Milking females are called milch animals and those used for labor are called draught animals. Husbandry practices for cattle include feeding, cleaning, milking, medical procedures, and training. Crossbreeding of indigenous cattle with exotic breeds can combine high milk yields with disease resistance.
This document discusses income opportunities from raising sheep and goats. It notes that sheep and goats are ruminant animals with four compartment stomachs that allow them to digest grass and forage. Common enterprises include meat, dairy, fiber production, and landscape management. Raising sheep and goats requires investments in fencing, housing, feeding systems, and labor but can provide economic returns through the sale of animals or animal products. Overall, the document outlines different types of sheep and goat operations and some of the basic requirements and economics of these small livestock enterprises.
The document provides information about parasites that affect small ruminants like sheep and goats. It discusses the different types of internal and external parasites, including nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa. It describes the lifecycles and signs of various parasites like barber pole worms, lungworms, tapeworms, and coccidia. It emphasizes that effective parasite control requires an integrated approach considering the animal, parasite, and pasture, and focuses on treatment in response to infection levels rather than routine preventative deworming.
The document provides information on sustainable meat goat production, including key considerations for beginning a meat goat enterprise. It discusses selecting breeds like Spanish, Boer, Kiko, and dairy-goat crosses for their hardiness. The summary also highlights that important management issues are fencing, parasite control, predator control, and developing markets. Prospective producers are advised to investigate local demand and estimate costs before starting a meat goat operation.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sheep production, covering topics such as breed selection, grazing practices, lambing, health management, and marketing wool and meat products. It notes that sheep can be easily integrated into existing farms and operations, complementing cattle. Sheep production is suitable for beginning, small-scale, or part-time farmers due to the relatively small investment and gradually increasing flock size. The document discusses selecting sheep breeds based on markets, climate and preferences, and provides examples of common and specialized breeds.
- Several factors influence optimal soybean seeding rates, including germination rates, emergence environment, and seed quality issues from drought conditions in 2012.
- Higher germination rates and normal emergence conditions allow for lower seeding rates to achieve the same plant population, while lower germination rates or tougher emergence conditions require higher seeding rates.
- Proper handling and treatment of 2012 soybean seed lots is important due to lower moisture levels and thinner seed coats leading to increased fragility.
Technological options and approaches to improve smallholder access to desirab...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Awet Estifanos, Asrat Tera and Dirk Hoekstra for Tropentag 2012: Resilience of Agricultural Systems against Crises, Gottingen, Germany, 19-21 September 2012.
This document provides an overview of considerations for starting a commercial dairy goat operation, including labor requirements, marketing, processing, regulations, and budgeting. It estimates that a 100-doe dairy selling fluid milk will require about 1.5 full-time workers for milking, cleaning, feeding, and herd management. Producers must locate a reliable buyer for their milk and ensure there is demand for the products they plan to sell. On-farm processing of milk into value-added products like cheese can increase profits but also increases labor needs and regulatory requirements. Extensive planning is required to ensure a viable business model that accounts for all costs of production and marketing.
Small Ruminant Rearing – Product Markets, Opportunities and Constraintscopppldsecretariat
This report aims to place the economic context of small ruminant rearing within broader policy and institutional frameworks, and studies the value chains of goat and sheep meat, goat and sheep skin, and sheep wool. The study also documents some of the approaches and practices on small ruminant rearing submitted in response to SAPPLPP’s call for the same.
The objective of the study is the analysis and documentation of approaches and practices related to market prospects, and identification of opportunities for facilitating access of small-holder livestock owners to more remunerative markets.
The report successfully attempts to construct the value chains of three important products of the small ruminant sector - meat, leather and wool.
यह बकरी का जो व्यापार हैं -
कभी खूब घना
कभी मुट्ठी भर चना
और कभी वोह भी मना
(Jainul Aabeedin, West Bengal)
This business of goats -
Sometimes it flourishes
Sometimes it yields only a handful of chickpeas
And sometimes even that is denied
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Similar to Intro to small ruminant enterprises (8)
Feed costs usually account for up to 75% of costs in a small ruminant enterprise. Reproductive efficiency and market prices also greatly impact profitability. To increase profits, producers should focus on reducing expenses like feed costs through strategies like maximizing pasture use, proper hay storage, and mixing their own rations. Producers should also focus on increasing income through higher reproductive rates and selling surplus lambs and kids. Achieving reproductive rates over 150% and weaning rates over 100% kids/ewes are important benchmarks for profitability.
This document discusses health care recommendations for pregnant ewes and does. It outlines common nutritional diseases like pregnancy toxemia and milk fever that can occur in late pregnancy. Risk factors and treatment options are provided. Preventative strategies focus on adequate nutrition, calcium intake, and minimizing stress. Vaccination for clostridial diseases prior to lambing/kidding is also recommended. Proper nutrition during late gestation is important to support fetal growth and development while also preparing for lactation. Balancing rations, monitoring intake, and maintaining hygienic conditions can help pregnant females have successful pregnancies and give birth to healthy offspring.
This document provides information on hoof care for sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of regular hoof inspection and trimming to prevent lameness and disease. Factors like genetics, environment, and diet can affect hoof growth rates. Dairy goats may need trimming every 4 months to prevent overgrowth issues. Proper restraint, tools, and techniques are described for safe trimming. Common hoof diseases like footrot, foot scald, and abscesses are explained. The document provides guidance on quarantine, treatment, and eradication protocols to prevent and eliminate footrot from a flock or herd.
This document provides information on proper deworming methods for small ruminants. It discusses the different classes of dewormers available and lists specific dewormers within each class. It also covers topics like determining dewormer resistance, targeted selective treatment, tools for selective deworming decisions, and combination dewormer treatments. The document emphasizes the importance of following proper dosing and administration techniques to effectively deworm animals while preventing further development of dewormer resistance.
This document discusses goat hoof health and management. It covers the importance of regular hoof inspection and trimming to prevent issues like lameness. Factors that influence hoof growth like genetics, environment and diet are outlined. Common hoof diseases in goats like footrot, foot scald and foot abscesses are described along with their causes and treatments. The document provides guidance on developing a prevention and treatment plan for hoof diseases that includes quarantine of new animals, foot bathing, clean pastures and culling infected animals.
This document discusses strategies for minimizing antibiotic and anthelmintic use in sheep through improved management practices and prevention of common diseases. It recommends rotational grazing, genetic selection, targeted selective treatment, and combination dewormer treatments to control internal parasites. Vaccination, clean housing, and nutrition are emphasized for preventing enterotoxemia, respiratory disease, footrot, abortion, and mastitis. Proper use of antibiotics, vaccines, and dewormers is also discussed when drugs are necessary.
This document discusses strategies for minimizing drug use in small ruminant production. It begins by listing commonly used drugs like dewormers, vaccines, and antibiotics. It then discusses the risks of antibiotic resistance and regulatory changes around antibiotic use. For small ruminant producers, this means many antibiotics now require a prescription. The document provides alternatives to drug use like vaccinations, pasture management, genetic selection, and targeted selective treatment to control parasites. It emphasizes preventative healthcare through good nutrition, housing, and sanitation.
Sheep and goats produce many marketable products including meat, fiber, dairy, and vegetation control through grazing. Meat from sheep and goats can be sold through traditional markets like auctions or cooperatives, or through non-traditional direct marketing to consumers. Fiber from sheep and goats can also be sold traditionally through pools or warehouses, or directly to consumers as raw fiber or value-added products. Dairy from sheep and goats has similar regulations to cow dairy but with more limited infrastructure and competition from imports. Sheep and goats can also provide vegetation control services through solar grazing programs.
This document discusses bacterial diseases in animals caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodusus which can have similar symptoms. Pregnancy toxemia is more common. Treatment involves using macrocyclic lactone dewormers like Ivomec or insecticides containing permethrins. The diseases can affect the abomasum and small intestines and may be clinical or sub-clinical.
The document provides guidelines for feeding sheep and goats at different stages of production. It discusses nutrient requirements for maintenance, flushing, gestation, lactation, weaning, and growing lambs and kids. Feeding recommendations are given for different forage types and amounts of grain supplementation. Protein levels are outlined for various classes of animals. The goal is to meet nutritional needs at lowest cost while maintaining body condition.
This document outlines the typical yearly cycle for raising sheep, beginning with breeding season in October and ending when the cycle repeats the following October. Key points include: rams are added in October to breed ewes; lambing occurs in March after a 152-day gestation; newborn lambs are jugged with their mothers and receive care; lambs are weaned at around 90 days old; ewes recover over summer before the breeding season starts again in the fall.
The document provides an overview of considerations for raising sheep, including different breeds and purposes for raising sheep, facilities and equipment needed, health and management practices, and regulations. Key factors that are discussed include deciding the purpose of raising sheep, such as for meat, wool, or dairy; land and fencing requirements; and common challenges like parasites, predators, and profitability. Resources are also provided for those interested in learning more about raising sheep.
This document provides information on managing internal parasites in small ruminants. It discusses the primary internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, coccidia, and protozoa. An integrated approach to parasite control is recommended, combining management strategies like grazing management with targeted selective treatment. Key management strategies include developing host immunity, husbandry practices, nutritional management, and genetic selection. Diagnostic tools for targeted treatment include FAMACHA, five point check, and fecal egg counts. Combination dewormer treatments are advised to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
This document discusses strategies for controlling gastrointestinal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) in small ruminants. It emphasizes using integrated and targeted approaches like selective deworming based on FAMACHA scores, pasture management, and limiting drug use to reduce anthelmintic resistance. Proper administration and alternating between drug classes is also important for effective control. Sustainable practices involve preventing environmental contamination through various animal health and grazing techniques.
This document provides information on dewormer use and resistance in goats from a presentation at Langston University. It discusses proper drug usage, the different drug families and their modes of action, strategies for deworming, and methods to prevent resistance development like the FAMACHA system. The FAMACHA system allows selective treatment by using eye color charts to identify anemia levels and target only animals with scores of 3-5 that likely need deworming.
The FivePoint Check is a system that extends the FAMACHA eye anemia system to evaluate five criteria for determining if small ruminants need deworming. It examines the eye, jaw, back, tail, and nose to check for anemia, bottle jaw, body condition, scours, and nasal discharge. Considering all five criteria together is important as each sign can have multiple causes. The system was developed by the same scientists as FAMACHA and allows for more selective deworming to slow the development of anthelmintic resistance.
More from University of Maryland Extension Small Ruminant Program (20)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Intro to small ruminant enterprises
1. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
SUSAN SCHOENIAN
Sheep & Goat Specialist
Western Maryland Research & Education Center
sschoen@umd.edu – www.sheepandgoat.com
Introduction
Sheep and goat
enterprises
What you need to
raise sheep/goats
Breed resources
Getting started
Economics
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 1
2. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Monogastric
◦ Simple stomach
p
◦ Pigs and poultry (and people)
Ruminant
◦ Cud-chewing
◦ 4 compartment stomach.
- Cows, sheep, and goats
◦ Pseudo-ruminant
(3 compartment stomach)
- Alpacas and llamas
Hind-gut fermenter
◦ Fermentation occurs in the
caecum and/or large intestine
◦ Horses and rabbits
Economic
◦ Profit
◦ Tax advantages
Lifestyle
Self-sufficiency
produce own f d f b
d food, fiber
Landscape management
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 2
3. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Less acreage required
Less investment
Ease of handling
Multi-purpose
Reproductive efficiency
Grazing behavior
Niche demand for
products
Complement other farm
enterprises
Small industry.
f f
Lack of infrastructure.
Lack of mainstream
demand for products.
Fencing
requirements.
Labor
L b requirements.
i t
Predator risk.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 3
4. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Similar production
practices and inputs.
Same diseases.
Similar niche and ethnic
demand for products.
Similar constraints to
production: th 3 P’
d ti the P’s.
◦ Prices
◦ Predators
◦ Parasites
Grazer Browser
Prefer forbs Prefer shrubs
Graze close to ground Top-down grazer
T d
Grow slow
Grow faster
Produce more milk
Produce better milk
Less genetic diversity
More genetic diversity Curious and
Strong flocking instinct independent
and group mentality New and growing
Traditional enterprise industry
SHEEP GOATS
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 4
5. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Meat
Dairy
a y
Fiber
Landscape management
Agri-tourism
Primary income is from
the sale of live animals
for meat and/or the sale
of meat.
Most popular sheep and
goat enterprise.
There is a demand for
many different kinds of
goats.
lambs and goats
Marketing infrastructure
is already in place.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 5
6. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Primary income is
from the sale of milk,
cheese and/or other
cheese,
dairy products.
In most states,
operation must be
certified grade A or B
to sell food products.
Usually requires own
product development
and marketing.
Fiber sales comprise a
significant portion of
h i f
the income from theh
enterprise.
◦ Wool
◦ Mohair
◦ Cashmere
◦ Alpaca
Must direct market to
make a profit.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 6
7. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Land improvement on
your own farm.
Fee-based grazing
“Turn-key” operation
Animals
Transportation
g
Fencing
Care
Greatest economic
potential ! ?
Sell stock for trophy hunting or operate your
own hunting reserve. Usually hair sheep rams.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 7
8. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Feed
Fencing
Housing and
shelter
Feeders
Watering system
Labor
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 8
9. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Pasture and browse
Hay
Grain
Alternative feedstuffs
Purpose
◦ To keep livestock
contained
◦ To keep predators out
◦ To control grazing and
manage livestock
Three kinds
1. Perimeter or boundary
2. Interior or cross
Possible cost share from
3. Heavy use areas NRCS (EQUIP program) for
rotational grazing.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 9
10. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Multi-strand, high-
tensile electric
tensile, electric.
Woven wire with extra
barbed and electric
offset wires.
Barbed wire
ire
Adapt existing fences.
Permanent
Semi-permanent
Temporary, electric
◦ Smooth wire
◦ Polywire, tape, or rope
◦ Electric netting
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 10
11. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Outdoor lots
H ldi
Holding areas
Working corrals
Net wire
Metal gates
Solid panels
Livestock panels
Non-electric
Purpose
◦ Animal management
◦ Isolation area
◦ Feed storage
◦ Equipment storage
◦ Human comfort
Needs vary by
◦ Climate
◦ Production system
◦ Timing of l bi
Ti i f lambing and d
kidding
◦ Availability of natural
shelter.
◦ Personal preference
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 11
12. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Maybe not, but if they have access to it, they will
usually use it.
Th “appreciate” protection from bad weather.
They “ i ” i f b d h
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 12
13. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Ample feed storage
protects y
p your investment
in feed and allows you to
make bulk purchases.
Annual hay requirements
◦ ¼ to ⅓ ton per animal
Hay storage
◦ 180 to 240 ft3 per ton
Uncovered hay
deteriorates rapidly in
quality.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 13
14. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Hand
◦ Buckets
◦ Troughs
◦ Tanks
◦ Tubs
Automatic waterers
Possible cost share from
NRCS (EQUIP program)
for pasture watering
systems.
Daily care of animals
Twice daily milking
Annual shearing g
Pasture management
Lambing and kidding
Parasite control
Hoof trimming
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 14
15. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
1) Purpose
meat, milk, or wool
, ,
2) Use
sire or dam
3) Wool or coat type
fine, medium, long, carpet,
or hair (shedding)
)
4) Other
tail, prolificy, minor, rare,
heritage
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 15
16. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Grow wool with the smallest fiber
diameter.
Their wool is the most valuable in
the commodity wool market.
They are best adapted to hot, dry
climates.
They are hardy and long-lived,
gregarious, and less seasonal in
their breeding h bi
h i b di habits.
50 percent of the world’s sheep
population are fine wool based.
Crosses between fine
and medium wool.
White face raised for
meat, but have better
quality wool than the East Friesian
medium meat-type
wool breeds. Columbia Finnsheep
Polypay
A few specialty breeds
1. East Friesian – d
dairy
2. Finnsheep – prolific
3. Polypay – 4 way cross
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 16
17. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Grow wool that is
i t
intermediate i fib
di t in fiber
diameter and staple
length.
Excel in meat production
(growth and carcass).
Mostly of British origin.
Most popular : Suffolk,
Suffolk
Dorset, Hampshire, and
Southdown.
Comprise 15 percent of
the world’s sheep
population.
Romney
Grow wool that has the
l
largest fib di
t fiber diameter,
t
staple length, and
yield.
Their wool is popular
Lincoln among hand spinners.
Best-adapted to high
rainfall areas with
abundant forage.
Romney
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 17
18. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Their bodies are covered by hair or a Katahdin
mixture of hair and wool that is
naturally shed.
atu a y s ed
Do not require shearing or tail
docking.
Possess some unique characteristics:
◦ Caribbean-type
Resistant to parasites (worms)
◦ Romanov - very prolific
Romanov
10 percent of the world’s sheep
population.
population
Growing in popularity in the U.S. and
other western countries.
Katahdin and Dorper most popular.
Vary in the type and quantify Blueface
of wool they produce. Leicester
Vary in characteristics.
Possess some unique
characteristics
◦ Double-coated
◦ Carpet wool
◦ Four horns
◦ Rat tails
◦ Solid black color
◦ Persian lamb skin
Many are heritage breeds.
Karakul
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 18
19. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Boer Classify according
y g
to purpose . . .
◦ Dairy
◦ Meat
◦ Fiber
◦ Miniature (small)
Boer Kiko
B
Boer
Kiko
Myotonic Myotonic Spanish
Tennessee fainting goat
Spanish (brush)
Pygmy
Savannah
Pygmy Savannah
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 19
20. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
ADGA recognized
Saanen
◦ Swiss
Saanen
Alpine
Toggenburg
Oberhasli Alpine
◦ Nubian
◦ La Mancha
◦ Nigerian Dwarf
Other
◦ Sable Toggenbur
g
Oberhasli
(colored Saanens)
◦ Golden Guernsey
◦ Mini dairy goats
Nubian La Mancha
Angora Angora
g
Cashmere
More of a fiber type than a breed
Cashmere
Pygora
Pygma x Angora
Cashgora
Cashmere x Angora
Pygora Cashgora
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 20
21. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Pygmy (meat)
Nigerian Dwarf (dairy)
Kinder
Pygmy x Nubian Pygmy
Mini Silky
y g
Myotonic x Nigerian Dwarf ? Nigerian
Dwarf
D f
Mini dairy goats
Nigerian Dwarf x standard dairy
There is a great deal of
variation among sheep
breeds; less among
goat breeds, especially
meat.
There are no “perfect”
breeds.
All breeds have
strengths and
weaknesses.
Saanen
There is usually as
much difference within
a breed as between
breeds.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 21
22. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Mating animals from Boer x Kiko x Alpine
different breeds or
breed types.
Maximizes
performance and
profitability
◦ Hybrid vigor
Crossbred offspring are
supe o t e
superior to their
purebred parents
◦ Breed complementarity
Use breeds in their
appropriate roles
Southdown If you want to show
b di t k
breeding stock
If you want to sell
purebred and/or
registered breeding
stock
To produce a specific
type of fiber.
To
T produce a
d
consistent type and
quality of fiber.
To preserve a rare or
heritage breed.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 22
23. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Get pastures and
facilities ready before
b ing your first
buying o r
sheep or goats.
Start small and
gradually increase size
of herd.
Start with healthy
animals.
animals
◦ Ewe lambs/doelings vs.
mature females.
Spend more money on
ram and buck.
Reputable breeders
Dispersal sa es
spe sa sales
Performance and production sales
Consignment sales
Local salebarn
Free
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 23
24. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Web-based directories
www.sheepgoatmarketing.info
Breed associations
http://www.sheepandgoat.com/goatbreedassoc.html
http://www.sheepandgoat.com/sheepbreedassoc.html
West Virginia Shepherd’s Federation
http://www.sheepwv.org/
MPWV Meat Goat Producers Association
http://www.meatgoat.biz
West Virginia Market Bulletin
http://www.wvagriculture.org/market_bulletin/market_bulletin.html
h // i l / k b ll i / k b ll i h l
Virginia sheep and goat clearinghouse lists
http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/livestock/
Lancaster Farming
http://lancasterfarming.com
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 24
25. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Business planning
Enterprise budgeting
File a schedule F
Record keeping
Make decisions based on
science and economics.
Control costs
Production efficiency
Smart marketing
Know your costs!
Feed least-cost rations.
◦ Shop around for feed
ingredients.
◦ Balance your own rations.
◦ Maximize forage resource.
Do you own vet work.
Cull non-productive and
problematic animals.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 25
26. Intro to small ruminant enterprises 3/2/2010
Feed balanced rations.
Aim for a 200% (or more)
lamb/kid crop.
crop
Select for lbs. of quality lamb
or goat weaned.
Cull animals that fail to raise
a lamb or kid.
Manage to breed ewe lambs
and doe kids to lamb or kid
by the time they are 12 to 15
months of age.
Use performance tested rams
and bucks.
Aim for the highest “net” price,
not necessarily the highest
price.
Evaluate direct marketing as a
means to increase profitability.
Consider marketing alliances
with other like-minded
producers and/or entities.
Choose one or two target
markets.
markets
Don’t let higher market prices
compensate for poor production
efficiency.
S. Schoenian ‐ Univ. of MD Ext. 26