Few countries in the world have no sheep. They are found in tropical countries and in the arctic, in hot climates and in the cold, on the desert and in humid areas.
There are over 800 breeds of sheep in the world, in a variety of sizes, shapes, types and colours.
Sheep were domesticated long before the dawn of recorded history. Wool fibres have been found in remains of primitive villages of Switzerland that date back an estimated 20000 years. Egyptian sculpture dating 4000-5000 B.C. portrays the importance of this species to people. Much mention is
made in the Bible of flocks, shepherds, sacrificial lambs, and garments made of wool.
The Roman empire pried sheep, anointed them with special oils, and combed their fleece to produce fine quality fibres that were woven into fabric for the togas of the elite.
Perhaps the first ruminants domesticated by man along with goats, sheep are a very valuable and important asset to mankind.
Sheep is a important livestock species . They contribute greatly to the agrarian economy, especially in the arid/semi-arid and mountainous areas where crop and /or dairy farming are not economical. They play an important role in the livelihood of a large percentage of small and marginal
farmers and landless labourers engaged in sheep rearing. A number of rural-based industries use wool and sheep skins as raw material. Sheep manure is an important source of soil fertility, especially in southern states.
This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
A chart for recording all production input metrics against their respective production outcomes throughout the broiler growing process. feed intake, water intake, body weight, egg production, egg weight, climate and ventilation.
Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique large bovine species that is genetically different from cattle and buffalo with diploid chromosome number 58. It is endemic to four northeastern states viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoranm and Nagaland. Mithun is reared mainly for meat purposes. Though it gives 1 - 1.5 liters of high-quality milk. Due to continuous efforts of ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, this unique species is getting popularized. More and more framers are adopting a semi-intensive rearing model developed by ICAR-NRC on Mithun. If reared scientifically on a commercial scale, Mithun husbandry can fetch good income for the farmers and help in doubling farmers' income.
Few countries in the world have no sheep. They are found in tropical countries and in the arctic, in hot climates and in the cold, on the desert and in humid areas.
There are over 800 breeds of sheep in the world, in a variety of sizes, shapes, types and colours.
Sheep were domesticated long before the dawn of recorded history. Wool fibres have been found in remains of primitive villages of Switzerland that date back an estimated 20000 years. Egyptian sculpture dating 4000-5000 B.C. portrays the importance of this species to people. Much mention is
made in the Bible of flocks, shepherds, sacrificial lambs, and garments made of wool.
The Roman empire pried sheep, anointed them with special oils, and combed their fleece to produce fine quality fibres that were woven into fabric for the togas of the elite.
Perhaps the first ruminants domesticated by man along with goats, sheep are a very valuable and important asset to mankind.
Sheep is a important livestock species . They contribute greatly to the agrarian economy, especially in the arid/semi-arid and mountainous areas where crop and /or dairy farming are not economical. They play an important role in the livelihood of a large percentage of small and marginal
farmers and landless labourers engaged in sheep rearing. A number of rural-based industries use wool and sheep skins as raw material. Sheep manure is an important source of soil fertility, especially in southern states.
This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
A chart for recording all production input metrics against their respective production outcomes throughout the broiler growing process. feed intake, water intake, body weight, egg production, egg weight, climate and ventilation.
Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique large bovine species that is genetically different from cattle and buffalo with diploid chromosome number 58. It is endemic to four northeastern states viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoranm and Nagaland. Mithun is reared mainly for meat purposes. Though it gives 1 - 1.5 liters of high-quality milk. Due to continuous efforts of ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, this unique species is getting popularized. More and more framers are adopting a semi-intensive rearing model developed by ICAR-NRC on Mithun. If reared scientifically on a commercial scale, Mithun husbandry can fetch good income for the farmers and help in doubling farmers' income.
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...SIANI
A report by the CFS High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition. Presented by Delia Grace at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
With the emerging concern on environmental cost more specifically greenhouse gas emission related with conventional livestock rearing for meat has come to a problematic situation. Therefore, animal scientists and human nutritionists collectively try to develop a new trend of rearing non-conventional livestock for meat purposes. Some of the non conventional species are already being exploited to commercial levels. This presentation attempts to discuss some key points about non conventional livestock in a brief and simple manner.
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Presented by Christian K. Tiambo, Jimmy Smith, Okeyo Mwai and Steve Kemp at the Animal Biotechnology: The Next Frontier Stakeholders Sensitization and Awareness Workshop on Animal Biotechnology Applications and Regulatory Perspectives, Naivasha, Kenya, 22-24 March 2021
Presented by Ben Lukuyu and Michael Blummel, ILRI, at the Workshop on Identifying Investment Opportunities for Livestock Feed Resources Development in the Eastern Africa Sub-Region, ILRI Addis, 13-15 December 2017
Aflatoxins, animal health and safety of animal source foods ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Erastus Kang’ethe at the Virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform on Rural Development, 22 July 2014
Tom Boyer - Lack of Approved Pharmaceutics Restrains U.S. Goat IndustryJohn Blue
Lack of Approved Pharmaceutics Restrains U.S. Goat Industry - Tom Boyer, President, American Goat Federation, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
Sustainable Use of Animal Genetic Resources - Examples from Uganda & RwandaSIANI
This presentation was held by Donald R. Kugonza at the interntional seminar 'Livestock Resources for Food Security in the Light of Climate Change' co-hosted by SIANI and SLU Global in Uppsala on the 11th of March 2016.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Leonard Marwa, Chrispinus Rubanza, Anthony Kimaro and Christopher Mutungi at at the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 11-12 September 2019.
High altitude pasture management is very important particularly for the sustainability of hilly livestock. There is always a competition of different livestock in high altitude area for grasses and fodder tree.
Milk is the main product from a dairy enterprise and from public’s health point of view, milk is a very good media for bacterial and other micro-organisms development which directly or indirectly have negative impact on human health, Hence clean milk production is a much for better marketing and better health.
Impact of climate change on livestock reproduction and its ameliorative measuresDrSapunii Hanah
Climate directly or indirectly has a great impact on livestock production and reproduction such as estrus cycle, follicular growth, fertility, semen production etc. However, there is always a way to tackle the problem by implementing scientific housing system, nutritional intervention etc
scientific housing system of farm animal for better productivityDrSapunii Hanah
Animal need shelter for better productivity, however, many a time farmers forgot the basic structure or point that would provide comfortable zone to their animals. in this slide we discus in length about the basic point require for the animal.
Scope and Prospect of Dairy farming in North East IndiaDrSapunii Hanah
Though there is a huge scope of dairy farming in North East India, the farmers are not aware about the importance of milk, therefore, awareness training on economic important of milk should be given from time to time
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
Semi-intensive .pptx
1. Jayanta Kumar Chamuah, Senior Scientist
Sapunii Stephen Hanah, Senior Scientist
Kobu Khate, Chief Technical officer
L. Sunitibala Devi, Scientist
ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Nagaland
MITHUN FARMING
A boon for tribal people
2. Mithun rearing scenario under free range
forest ecosystem
Left at mercy of nature with
zero input and more organic
Occasional Salt Lick
Loss of animal due to predator
Conflict with crop/horticultural
activity
Requires huge community forest
land-which is steadily deceasing
Impossible to monitor and
implement scientific management
tools (vaccination)
No breeding record/ Inbreeding
3. Semi-intensive system of mithun rearing
Less space requirement
Scope for diversified use of
mithun for meat, milk, hides
and draught purposes
Better nutrient
supplementation and
increase in productivity
Animal identification is
easier
Regular monitoring of
animal growth, health,
breeding and reproduction
Reduce incidence of
predator attack on calf
5. Identification: Broadly 3 methods
• Relevance of technology
Prevent ownership dispute
Maintenance of individual accurate
record
Proper health record
Ear notching
Ear tagging
Chips implantation
6. Mithun as a source of Meat and Milk
Mithun meat:
• Composition of mithun meat muscle (%):
Protein:14-19; Crude fat: 0.4 -3.5; Carb: 0.4 -
4.9
• Higher dressing percentage than cattle: 58.82±
0.62 vs 55.96 ± 0.60 (On similar level of
feeding)
• Mithun meat is leaner (12.93±1.89 vs 28.47±
1.09 kg fat) and more tender than beef
• Developed value added meat products (patties
and nuggets)
Particulars
(%)
Mithun Cow Buffalo Goat Sheep Yak Huma
n
Fat 10.2 4.4 8.0 3.5 6.0 7.2 3.6
Protein 6.8 3.4 4.5 3.1 5.4 5.3 1.8
Lactose 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 6.8
Total Solids 21.6 12.6 17.4 11.0 16.5 17.5 12.2
SNF 11.4 8.2 9.4 7.5 9.5 10.3 8.6
Ash 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.1
Mithun milk:
Mithun milk composition and its comparison
with other species has been characterized
Developed value added milk products
(paneer, lassi, dahi, and rasgolla)
7. Mithun Hide as Leather
• Mithun hides are consumed as a delicacy, among some tribes
though it’s non-nutritious
• Mithun leather is soft and having better body and roundness, a
potential raw materials for the leather industry
• Mithun leather is better than cattle leather
Popularizing the use of mithun hide for making leather products
8. Mithun as draught animal
Mithun as draught animal
Exploring of Mithun as a draught animal in the higher altitude (up to
3000mSL) where other livestock or mechanical means may not be
feasible.
Mithuns are conditioned and trained in the institute farm regularly
for estimating its draught capability
Preliminary estimation of the power of the trained Mithun bull has
been done based on the draft and walking speed of the animals.
9. Fig : Photographs showing FMD lesions in Mithun
FMD in Mithun (Bos frontalis)
11. Disease control
Disease
1. Foot and Mouth Disease
(FMD)
2. Hemorrhagic Septicemia
(HS)
Remedies
Protected by vaccination at
six monthly interval
Protected by annual
vaccination
Vaccines for cattle & buffaloes are equally effective in
Mithuns and are readily available at affordable price
ICAR-NRC on Mithun as well as State agencies are doing
the routine vaccinations.
Mithun Health Calendar developed by ICAR-NRCM
Regular deworming of the animals
13. List of commonly used Anthelmintics
Sl. No. Anthelmintic Used against Dose (mg or ml / kg body wt.) Route
1 Tetramisole Round worm 7.5mg S/C ly
2 Levamisole Round worm 7.5 mg S/C ly
3 Pyrantel Tapeworm 10mg Orally
4 Morantel Broad spectrum 10-20 mg Orally
5
Benzimidazole
group
Broad spectrum 7-15 mg Orally
6 Niclosamide
Fluke
infestation
90 mg S/C ly
7 Oxyclozanide
Fasciolosis
Amphistomiasis
10mg Orally
8 Triclabendazole Fasciolosis 9 mg Orally
9 Ivermectin Broad spectrum 0.02ml S/C ly
10 Doramectin Broad spectrum 0.02ml S/C ly
14. Activities of Animal Health
Scientist attending vaccination
programme at Porba village
Outreach technology injection
programme at Thevpfisu village
Scientist with farmers
interaction at Thevpfisu village
Medication at forest
