this document is related to goat husbandary. goat keeping is a very good business opportunity.

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Network Programme of Goat
Production Management
Ashis kr. Samanta
Professor
Deptt. of Livestock Production Management
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
West Bengal university of Animal & Fishery sciences
Kolkata -700 037
E-mail: samanta_ashiskr@yahoo.com
ashiskrsamanta@gmail.com

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Goats were originated in the mountain
areas of Asia Minor.
DNA studies reveals domestication of goat
began 10,000 years ago in Iran (international
Kiko goat association, INC. 2005;
www.theikga.org/index.html).
In Asia goat are traditionally reared by
small, marginal and landless rural farmers
under extensive management system with
poor natural vegetation and crop stubbles,
without any supplementation.
There are about 210 breeds of goats in the
world.
India has 23 recognized goat breeds of
varying potential in producing meat, milk and
fibre.

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Breed State where available Breed utility
Sirohi Rajasthan & Gujrat Milk & Meat
Marwari Rajasthan & Gujrat Milk, Meat &
Hair
Beetal Panjab & Haryana Milk & Meat
Jhakrana Rajasthan Milk
Barbari Uttar Pradesh & Rajasthan Milk & Meat
Jamnapari Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh Milk & Meat
Mehsana Gujrat Milk & hair
Gohilwadi Gujrat Milk & hair
Zalawadi Gujrat Milk & hair
Kutchi Gujrat Milk & hair
Surti Gujrat Milk
Sangamner
i
Maharasthra Milk, Meat &
hair
Malabari Kerala Meat & Milk
Osmanaba
di
Maharasthra Milk & Meat
Kannaiadu Tamil Nadu Meat
Ganjam Orissa Milk & Meat
Black
Bengal
West Bengal, Assam, manipur, tripura,
Arunachal Pradesh
Meat
Gaddi Uttar Pradesh & Himachal Pradesh Milk & Wool
Changthan
gi
Jammu & Kashmir Pashmina &
Meat
GOAT BREEDS OF INDIA

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According to FAO STAT, 2005, world goat
population was almost 800 million.
This is 165% up from 485 million in 1985.
World goat population has been increasing
about 8% -10% per year in last 20 years.
World goat population share
WORLD GOAT POPULATION
Goat Numbers % of total
World 807,600,000 100
China 195,758,954 24.2
India 120,000,000 15.0
Pakistan 56,700,000 7.0
Bangladesh 36,900,000 4.6
Nigeria 28,000,000 3.5
Iran 26,500,000 3.3
Indonesia 13,182,100 1.6
Kenya 12,600,000 1.6
Tanzania 12,550,000 1.6
Mongolia 12,238,000 1.5
Mali 12,050,000 1.5
Others 34.6
US 2,522,500
Australia 400,000
New Zealand 155,000
Source: FAOSTAT,2005
Top countries in goat population

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Goat population in India
India ranks only 2nd in World goat population (2004-05).
10.56
175
Nagaland
19
0.81
17
Mizoram
18
14.58
327
Meghalaya
17
1.48
33
Manipur
16
31.22
10684
Maharashtra
15
26.42
8142
Madhya Pradesh
14
31.21
1213
Kerala
13
23.38
4484
Karnataka
12
63.12
5031
Jharkhand
11
9.25
2055
Jammu & Kashmir
10
20.21
1125
Himachal Pradesh
9
10.40
460
Haryana
8
23.17
4541
Gujarat
7
2.97
11
Goa
6
17.28
2336
Chhatisgarh
5
100.78
9490
Bihar 3
4
38.06
2987
Assam
3
2.76
231
Arunachal Pradesh
2
22.82
6277
Andhra Pradesh
1
Density
/sq km
Goats
(in 000)
States/UTs
Sl.
No
124358
All India
97.56
48
Pondicherry
35
1468.75
47
Lakshadweep
34
11.46
17
Delhi
33
32.79
4
Daman & Diu
32
42.77
21
D & Nagar Haveli
31
6.94
1
Chandigarh
30
7.76
64
A& Nicobar
29
211.53
18774
West Bengal 1
28
21.62
1158
Uttaranchal
27
54.24
12941
Uttar Pradesh
26
44.99
472
Tripura
25
62.87
8177
Tamilnadu
24
17.47
124
Sikkim
23
54.63
16809
Rajasthan 2
22
5.52
278
Punjab
21
37.27
5803
Orissa
20
Density
/sq km
Goats
(in 000)
States/UTs
Sl.
No
37.83

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Goat population in West Bengal
Goat posses 19% of total livestock population in W.B .
The State also Ranks first in India.
Livestock Population Share Percentage
West Bengal- 2004- 05
others
0.04
Pig
1.27
Poultry
59.56
Goat
18.48
Buffalo
1.04
Sheep
1.45
Cattle
18.16
In West Bengal the District of
South 24 Parganas ranks 1st
followed by Burdwan &
Murshidabad.
Annual report-2004-05 of Directorate of Animal Resource and Animal Health, West Bengal
DISTRICT-WISE POPULATION OF GOAT IN WEST BENGAL
Division District Goat (in million) Density / sq km
Jalpaiguri Coochbihar 1.218 359.610
Jalpaiguri 0.908 145.816
Darjeeling 0.486 154.334
U. Dinajpur 0.718 225.786
D. Dinajpur 0.445 203.847
Malda 0.688 184.302
Presidency Murshidabad 1.650 309.917
North24Pgs 1.399 99.558
South24 Pgs 1.654 166.064
Nadia 1.572 400.305
Howrah 0.400 272.665
Kolkata 0.055 2.935
Burdwan Hooghly 1.186 376.627
E.Midnapur 0.639 148.924
W.Midnapur 1.458
Purulia 1.053 168.237
Bankura 1.089 158.238
Burdwan 1.651 235.051
Birbhum 1.161 255.445
West Bengal 19.43
The highest goat density is
found in Nadia district followed
by Hooghly district.

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Goat manure, rich in phosphorus and other trace minerals are very good
fertilizer.
Goat milk and milk products are the most consumable products in the
world when compared with other animals.
Goat produces two valuable fibers – Pashmina and Mohair.
Goat skin is a price by product for leather industry.
Goat meat is low cholesterol Red meat.
Species Energy
Kcal
Fat
%
Sat Fat
%
Protein
%
Iron
mg
Cholesterol
mg
Goat 144 3.0 0.93 27.1 3.8 67
Beef 288 18.8 8.0 27.1 3.0 >86
Trimmed 211 9.3 - 29.9 3.4 86
Pork 364 28.2 10.2 24.7 1.1 >86
Trimmed 212 9.7 - 29.3 1.1 86
Lamb 276 18.8 8.6 25.9 1.6 99
Chicken 190 7.4 - 24.7 1.1 >89
Skinned 141 4.1 1.3 28.9 1.8 76
170 5.0 - 29.3 1.8 76
Ostrich 142 2.8 - 26.9 3.2 83
Veal 158 3.2 - 30.2 4.5 112
Comparison of the
chemical composition
of goat meat and
other meats (100 g)
(Source: South African Boer Goat Association.)
Goat is valued for meat, milk, fiber and skin.

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CONTRIBUTION OF GOAT IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR
 37 % of total meat production in India
 3.2 % of milk production in India
 88 million pieces of skin
 48 metric ton pashmina
 Rate of slaughter is around 41 % per year
 The annual growth rate is 4.25 %
 Which is higher than growth rate of sheep (3.16 %),
Buffaloes (2.0 %) and cattle (0.85 %)

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The Per capita meat consumption in India is relatively low at less than 5
Kg/years as compared to other developing countries such as Pakistan (13.7
Kg), China (38.6 Kg) and Brazil (58.6 Kg).
The per annum meat requirement in West Bengal is around 1671
thousands MT as stated in Paschim Banga, July, 2004.
Meat production, West Bengal :
Year 1976-77 1986-87 1996-97 2002-03 2004-05
Production in 000 MT 129.000 266.000 421.000 462.100 475.005
goat
31%
sheep
3%
pig
7%
poultry
31%
cattle
26%
buffalo
2%
Meat production share,
2004-05; West Bengal :

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Goat Development
Development scheme on goat was taken up in
1939 at the Government Livestock Farm, Hisar,
on Beetal goat. The effort however, dwindled due
to decline in parameters.
During the post Independence periods and
prior to the organization of the State Agricultural
Universities, few State Governments undertook
research and development work at state farms on
Beetal. Jamunapari. Sirohi and Black Bengal
flocks.

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11
The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) reviewed the
previous goat development activities and laid emphasis on the
provision of proper health protection, development of feed and fodder
resources through silvi-pasture and organizing the marketing of live
animals and wool.
To day, Development & Research on goat is guided by Government
of India through ICAR and its constituent institute – CIRG.
The ICAR has organized research on goat production through All-
India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) involving a number of
central and State organizations, ICAR institutes, agricultural
universities, State departments, etc to cover goat breeding for Chevon,
milk and fiber (mohair and pashmina) production.
Goat Development

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 All India Coordinated Research Project on Goats was
first sanctioned by Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) during 4th five year plan and lunched in
the year 1971.
 To increase the production efficiency of milk through
high yielding exotic breeds and fibre (Pashmina/ Mohair)
production through selective breeding.
 During 5th five year plan a research component on meat
was added to the programme involving crossbreeding.
The programme continued up to 7th five year plan.
Goat Development

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The project was modified as “Network Project on Goat
Improvement” with the main aim to define, characterize and
improve the productivity of indigenous goat breeds
involving the farmers’ flock in the natural habitat of the
breed.
This programme continued for two years
During 8th five year plan it was considered necessary to
enhance the productivity of native goat breeds by
improving their genetic potential for milk and meat
production through selection within breed based on the
performance of their progeny.
Goat Development

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 During VIII Five Year Plan 5 Research Centres were sanctioned
involving flocks maintained at the Institutional Farms (Jamunapari,
Barbari & Sirohi) and village flocks (Jamunapari & Marwari)
maintained by the farmers.
 During IX Five Year Plan another 6 Field Units were sanctioned on
Black Bengal, Ganjam, Sangamneri, Surti, Malabari and Sirohi.
Breeds and location of the Centres under AICRP on Goat Improvement at a glance:-
Jamunapari CIRG, Makhdoom Milk & Meat Farm Unit
Barbari -Do- Meat & Milk -Do-
Sirohi CSWRI, Avikanagar -Do- -Do-
Jamunapari CIRG, Makhdoom Milk & Meat Field Unit
Marwari RAU, Bikaner Meat -Do-
Black Bengal WBUAFS, Kolkata -Do- -Do-
Ganjam OAUT, Bhubaneswar -Do- -Do-
Sangamneri MPKV, Rahuri -Do- -Do-
Surti GAU, Anand Milk & Meat -Do-
Malabari KAU, Trichur Meat & Milk -Do-
Sirohi Agricultural University, -Do- -Do-
Udaipur
Goat Development

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The programme continued up to 10th five year
plan.
During 11th plan period, five new units were
added for more coverage.
1. Jakhrana CIRG, Makhdoom Farm unit
2. Assam Hill AAU Assam Farm unit
3. Black Bengal BAU, Ranchi Field Unit
4.Osmanabadi NARI, Phaltan (MH) Field Unit
5. Gaddi HPKV, Palampur Field Unit
Goat Development

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Objective
Farm Units:
Estimation of Genetic variance of economic traits in goats.
1. Estimation of breeding value of males and females.
2.In situ / ex situ conservation of elite germplasm and its effective
utilization.
3.Estimation of production economics of goats under farm conditions.
4.Validation of farm based goat production technologies under field
condition.
Goat Development
field units:
1. Assess the performance of goat breeds in farmers flock under village
mating system and improve Germplasm through selection.
2. Evaluate the Socio-economic status of goat breeds and the economics
of goat production in farmers flock.
3. Disseminate the pro-poor goat based technologies under field
conditions and assessment of their impact on goat production.

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Goat Development
Technical Programme
Farm Units:
1. Selection of male on the basis of 6 month (small breed) and 9 month
(large breed) body weight.
2. Selection of female on the basis of age and weight at first estrous.
3. Maintenance of selected sire as elite Germplasm to store semen of
each buck in semen bank.
4. Future distribution of superior sires to improve farmers flock after
quality testing of semen.

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Field units :
1. Selection of male on the basis of 6 month (small breed) and 9 month
(large breed) body weight.
2. Multiple birth will be preferred for single born kids in the selection
of future buck .
3. Maintenance of selected sire as elite Germplasm.
4. Establishment of Semen bank and to store semen of each elite buck
available in the field area to promote ex-situ conservation and semen
sample would be sent to NBAGR, Karnal.
5. Study the effect of goat rearing on socio-economic viability.
6. Strategic supplementary feeding schedule will be followed to
improve the nutritional level of goats.
7. Study on marketing aspect of live goats and goat products.
8. Effort to constitute Goat breeder’s societies / cooperatives to
register goat flocks in the breeding tract of respective breeds.
Goat Development

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The so far research experiences on goats suggested that:
† Superior germplasm in the farmer's flock may be identified and
distributed for further improvement.
† Crossbreeding of native goats with exotic breeds is not suitable
under Indian conditions.
† Selective breeding should be strictly practiced for improvement
in meat, milk and fibre production.
† Upgrading of non-descript goats with improved breeds (Beetal,
Jakhrana, Jamunapari and Barbari etc.) may be practiced under
field conditions. Jamunapari, Beetal and Barbari have been
employed more often as improver breeds in India and the other
neighboring countries to upgrade the regional nondescript,
small and dwarf breeds.

20. SELECTION OF FEMALE:
The best females should be selected on the basis of reproductive potentiality in terms
of twining capability and growth performance. These females will form registered
flocks.
The farmers should cull Twenty percent females, which appear as poor performers,
in each year/ generation if possible; otherwise these records will not be included for
statistical analysis.
SELECTION OF FUTURE BUCKS:
Selection of kids will be done on the basis of performance of 2 Standard Deviations
above the Population mean for body weight.
Top ranking bucks should be selected according to requirement.
Twinborn kids will be preferred over single-born in the selection of future bucks.
Bucks selected from one center will be used for breeding in other centers.
Exchange of bucks among villages after one year of use will be desirable.
Bucks should not be used for more than 2 consecutive years and poor performers
should be replaced immediately.
Minimum thirty progenies are to be obtained from each buck.
Health coverage will be provided to all goats in the adopted villages/ centers. If
possible, males selected at a desired age may be brought and reared at Institute/
University farms till maturity and after screening; the bucks will be used for breed
improvement in the registered flocks.

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