This document discusses dog behavior and communication. It describes how behavior is the response of dogs to internal and external stimuli. It outlines different types of behaviors like communication, social, reproduction and feeding behaviors. It discusses communication between dogs through visual cues, vocalizations, scent and touch. It also describes social behaviors like play, empathy and leadership hierarchies. The document summarizes reproduction behaviors and how behaviors change throughout a dog's development from puppy to adulthood to elderly years. It stresses the importance of socialization during critical periods of development.

2.  Assignment
 Submitted to: Dr. Tanveer
 Submitted By: Zohaib Saleem
 Registration no. 2012-ag-2642
 Roll no. 727
 Section C

3. Behaviour of
dogs

4. WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR
 Behavior is the internally coordinated
responses (actions or inactions) of the
domestic dog (individuals or groups) to
internal and/or external stimuli.

5. How dogs differ in behaviour
than other animals
 Intelligence
 Senses

6. Different types of behaviours
 Communication behavior
 Social behavior
 Reproduction behavior
 Feeding behaviour

7. CommunicationCommunication
Communication occurs upon production
of a signal by one animal that is
recognised and alters the behaviour of
the receiver of the signal

8. Communication can
be:
Visual
Auditory
Chemical
Tactile

9. Inter and Intra-
specie
Communication

10. Communication Behaviour
 Dog to dog communication
 Dog to Human communication

11. DOG-DOG communication
 These communication behaviors
include:
 Eye gaze
 Facial expression
 Vocalization
 Body posture (including movements of
bodies and limbs)

12. DOG-DOG communication
 gustatory communication (scents,
pheromones and taste) including in it

13. Dog-Human Communication
 Humans communicate with dogs by
using
 Vocalization
 Hand signals
 Body posture

14. VisualVisual
CommunicationCommunicationPositive Arousal = Distance Decreasing Signals=
Affiliative Behaviour
Negative Arousal=Distance Increasing Signals= Agnostic
Behaviour
Both occur on a scale

15. Parts of the Dog to Observe
in Intra or Inter Specie
Communication

16. General “Normal” VisualGeneral “Normal” Visual
CommunicationCommunication
Breed
dependant

17. Familiar/ObviousFamiliar/Obvious
“Positive Arousal”“Positive Arousal”
Visual CommunicationVisual Communication
Positive Arousal
•Demonstrate arousal with sensory responses
•Switch off other sensory inputs
•Over exaggerate clear positive body signals

18. Familiar/Obvious“NegatiFamiliar/Obvious“Negati
ve Arousal” Visualve Arousal” Visual
CommunicationCommunication
Negative Arousal
Two types:
Flight based
•Make themselves smaller
•Withdraw/Submit (show they have no defences)
•May change to fight based if pushed

19. ““Negative Arousal”Negative Arousal”
Visual CommunicationVisual Communication
Negative Arousal
Two types:
Fight based
•Make themselves look bigger (sometimes lower)
•Show defences
•Prepared to protect/defend (resource related)

20. Auditory Communication
 Bark- an alert, most likely
an adapted behaviour.
Easily socially learnt
 Howl- attention seeking
behaviour as both
positive and negative
arousal
 Whine signal- stress
 Growl signal- play or fight

21. Chemical Communication
 Release of Pheromone
 Release from pads, anal
glands and face
 Chemicals remain
longer than visual
signals often given
at the same time.

22. Tactile Communication
Seen mostly as:
Play
Affection or
Aggression

23. Social behavior
 Play (Dog-dog , Dog-human)
 Empathy
 Personalities
 Leadership, dominance
 Scent
 Feral dogs

24. Play
 Most dogs play
…but most mammals only do this when
young.
Through Domestication Dogs have
remained “neotenous”.
We encourage them to
remain juvenile.

25. Theories as to why dogs play
 Helps with development of bone and muscle
 Teaches useful communication skills
 Teaches hunting skills (although not required
in domestication)
 Teaches co-operation between group
members
 Teaches about surrounding environment
 Allows for trial and error learning
 Puppy enjoys doing it!…functional behaviour.

26. Reproduction behavior
 Dogs reach sexual maturity and can
reproduce during their first year, in
contrast to wolves at two years-of-age.
Bitches have their first estrus ("heat") at
6 to 12 months-of-age; smaller dogs
tend to come into heat earlier whereas
larger dogs take longer to mature.

27. Reproduction behavior
 Dog bitches have an estrous cycle that
is nonseasonal and monestrus, i.e.
there is only one estrus per estrous
cycle
 The average duration of estrus is 9
days with spontaneous ovulation
usually about 3 days after the onset of
estrus.

28. Reproduction behavior
 The male dog mounts the female and is
able to achieve intromission, this is
sometimes known as the “tie” or
“copulatory lock”
 Dogs are polygamous

29. Feeding behaviour
 Thought to be born with chemical
receptors developed to detect milk
 No early recognition or interest in meat
until 3 weeks
 Start to ‘dabble’ in food.
 At 5 weeks eat ‘solid’ food.

30. Behaviour of the Bithch
 Maternal Behaviour:
 Unsure as to whether mothering skills are
learnt or inherited
 Isolates for birth
 Can be protective of puppies
 Bitches can also kill unwell puppies (apparent
to bitch as don’t behave ‘normally’)-natural
selection)
 Licks puppies for elimination behaviour
 Bringing puppies back to the nest

31. Behaviour of the Dog
 Paternal Behaviour
In domestic dogs the
sire has no role in the
puppies development
In the wild they can act
as educators from
seven weeks

32. Affects of Puberty- Male
(General)
 Increased hair growth
 Scent marking
 More prepared to protect territory (items of
value)
 Roaming
 Increased arousal (more excitable)
 More vocal
 Disobedient to previously taught cues
 More aloof/independent/curious

33. Affect of Puberty- Females
(General)
 Signs of oestrous
 More protective
 More sensitive
 Interest in males (flirty)
 Scent marking
 More vocal
 Disobedient to previously taught cues
 More affectionate

34. Behaviours of
the elderly dog
Behavioural changes will occur in the
older dog due to:
 Illness and Disease (causing pain and
discomfort)
 Hormone Production (and lack of)
 Altered Sensory Perceptions
 Inability to communicate effectively

35. Behaviours of the elderly dog
In the older dog:
 Reflexes are slower
 Memory loss occur (meaning rehearsal of
trained cues is required regularly)
 Can get confused and act senile
 Transmission of neurological messaging
slows from 200 mph to 50mph

36. Socialisation and the
dog as a social being
 Between 3-twelve or thirteen weeks the
puppy is said to be in a ‘critical period’.
During the time the puppy must be socialised
with people and dogs so that s/he knows how
to behave with them.
 Effects of improper
socialisation includes:
nervousness or over excitable.
(both over arousal)

37. Inter Specie sociability
 Dogs are social animals
 But through domestication have
adapted to be sociable with other
beings
 Communication between
species is different but some
elements are the same
(e.g affection and companionship)

38. Conclusion…
Understanding the development of the dog and
its associated behaviours is important.
We have huge responsibilities as a dog owner,
in initial and continual socialisation and
training, and as a
potential dog trainer
to know how
behaviour and
training can be
effected by
developmental stage.