An Introduction to Architecture of Object Oriented Database Management System and how it differs from RDBMS means Relational Database Management System

1. OBJECT ORIENTED
DATABASE
NAME- AJAYKANT JHA
EXAM NO- 2845
TY BCA SEM 6TH
SDJ INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
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2. OUTLINE
 Types of database
 Object oriented database
 Objects
 Comparison of oodbs and rdbs
 Conclusion
 References
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3. TYPES OF DATABASE
 Hierarchical
 Network

 Relational
 Object Oriented
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4. DIFFERENCES
 The first database systems (early ‘60s and before) used
a hierarchical arrangement where, for example, parts
were stored as sub-elements of the supplier that
supplied them.
 This approach had several disadvantages, including the
introduction of an unnecessary degree of asymmetry.
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5. DIFFERENCES
 To overcome the asymmetry problem, network
databases (mid ‘60s) came into being.
 These were mainly pointer-based structures. Querying
and traversal was a low-level procedural affair.
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6. DIFFERENCES
 Relational systems were born in 1969 and were soon
recognised as a drastic simplification over the previous
models.
 Everyone agreed that relational was a good thing.
 However it took a good decade before the commercial
systems could catch up with the theory.
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7. DIFFERENCES
 The late ‘80s saw the emergence of object oriented
database systems as a response to the requirements of
applications like CAD which dealt with many complex,
nested objects.
 The field is still evolving very rapidly and, although
everyone agrees that some degree of objectness is
useful, there is no unanimous consensus on what
exactly an OODBMS should be.
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8. RELATIONAL MODEL OF A
‘CAT’
RELATIONAL MODEL OF A
‘CAT’
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9. OO MODEL OF A ‘CAT’
Applications
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10. OBJECT ORIENTED
DATABASE
 Object-Oriented DBMS(OODBMS) are DBMS based
on an ObjectOriented Data Model inspired by OO
programming languages
 OODBMS are capable of storing complex objects,
I.e., objects that are composed of other objects,
and/or multi-valued attributes
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11. OBJECT ORIENTED
FEATURES
 User-defined data types
 Nested objects
 Containers: sets, lists, bags...
 Methods (precursor: stored procs)
 Preserve strong typing across interface
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12. KEY BENEFITS OF ODBMS
 Sharing in highly distributed environment
 Easier to share and distribute objects than tables
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13. KEY BENEFITS OF ODBMS
 Better memory usage and less paging 1.
 Bringing only objects of interest Object-oriented
databases can reduce the need for paging b
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14. STRENGTHS
 Rich type system
 Better at modelling complex objects
 Better performance on certain data structures
 No impedance mismatch
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15. OBJECTS
 Objects are used in object oriented languages such as C++,
Java, and others.
 Objects basically consist of the following:
 Attributes - Attributes are data which defines the
characteristics of an object. This data may be simple such as
integers, strings, and real numbers or it may be a reference
to a complex object.
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16. OBJECTS
 Methods - Methods define the behavior of an object and
are what was formally called procedures or functions.
 Therefore objects contain both executable code and
data.
 There are other characteristics of objects such as
whether methods or data can be accessed from outside
the object.
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17. WHEN TO USE OBJECT
DATABASES
 Object databases should be used when there is complex
data and/or complex data relationships.
 This includes many to many object relationship.
 Object databases should not be used when there would
be few join tables and there are large volumes of simple
transactional data.
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18. WHY OBJECT-ORIENTED
DATABASES?
 Because object-oriented databases are good at handling BLOBs,
and the new world of information is all about BLOBs.
 BLOB - Binary Large Object. Like:
• Images
• Video
• Audio
• Animations
• Mixed Media
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19. DIFFERENT FROM RDBS
 An OOD and its database management system (DBMS) is
aware of how to
 Access or extract internal components of an object. For
example, one or two frames of a video.
 Execute operations or functions against objects without
exporting them to the client.
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20. DIFFERENT FROM RDBS
 Extract enough about the object to develop an "intelligent"
search plan to optimize performance.
 For example: The user wants multiple frames of a video, plus
info on actors, royalties and rights.
 The OODBMS gauges the speed of retrieval for each item and
optimizes a retrieval plan using SERVER resources, freeing the
client to continue work.
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21. HOW DATA IS STORED
 Two basic methods are used to store objects by different
database vendors
 Each object has a unique ID and is defined as a subclass of a
base class, using inheritance to determine attributes.
 Virtual memory mapping is used for object storage and
management.
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22. COMPARISON
Criteria RDBMS ODBMS
Support for object oriented
programming
Poor Direct and extensive
Simplicity of use Table structures easy to
understand
OK for programmers; some
SQL access for end users
Extensibility and content None users can write methods and
on any structure
Complex data relationships Difficult to model Can handle arbitrary
complexity
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23. ADVANTAGES OVER RDBMS
Reduced paging
Better concurrency control - A hierarchy of objects may be locked
 Data model is based on the real world.
Less code required when applications are object oriented.
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24. DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO
RDBMS
 Lower efficiency when data is simple and relationships are simple.
 Relational tables are simpler.
 Standards for RDBMS are more stable.
 Support for RDBMS is more certain and change is less likely to be
required.
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25. CONCLUSION
 Object Oriented Database deals with the complex data
or we can say object which are not accessed by any of
the database.
 Blobs like Videos, Animation and Image.
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26. REFERENCES
 www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/note
s/Chapter9/node13.html
 people.cs.pitt.edu/~chang/156/19oodb.html
 www.axswave.com/weblibry/relobjdb.htm
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27. THANK U
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