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International marketing mix decisions
14- Figure 1 Environmental factors influencing the balance between standardization and adaptation
14- Figure 2 Standardization and adaptation of the international marketing mix
Figure 14.1 The three  levels of a product 14- functional features, performance, perceived value, image, technology Delivery, installation, guarantees,  after-sales service, spare parts brand, quality, design, packaging, price, country of origin, staff behaviour, size Core product benefits Product attributes Support  services Ability  to  standardize  product  elements Low High
Figure 14.3  The product life cycle 14-
Figure 14.7 PLCs of different  countries for a specific product 14-
Figure 14.11 Product/ communication mode 14- Promotion Product Standard Adapt New Adapt Standard Straight  extension Promotion adaptation Product adaptation Dual adaptation Product invention Source: Source: adapted from Keegan, 1995.
Kellogg ’s dual adaption  for Indian market 14- http://www.kelloggcompany.com
Orgasmic Chocolates  stimulate more than the  sense of taste 14-
Omega utilizes  celebrity branding 14- www. omega watches.com
Figure 15.1 International  pricing framework 15- Firm-level factors Environmental factors Product factors Market factors Firm performance Other  elements Pricing strategies Terms
Internal factors affecting  international pricing decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15-
External factors affecting  international pricing decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15-
Gillette relies on  product line pricing 15- www. gillette .com/
Basic approaches to  pricing across countries 15- Price  standardization Price  differentiation
Figure 15.5 Structural factors  of standardized  versus differentiated pricing 15- Source: Reprinted from  European Management Journal , Vol. 12, No. 2, Diller. H. and Bukhari, I. (1994) ‘Pricing conditions in the European Common Market’, p. 168, Copyright 1994, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 16.2a Japanese car  parts distribution channels 16- Sources : Cateora (1993); Onkvisit and Shaw (1993); Pirog and Lancioni (1997).
Figure 16.2b US car  parts distribution channels 16- Sources : Cateora (1993); Onkvisit and Shaw (1993); Pirog and Lancioni (1997).
Figure 16.5 Factors  influencing channel width 16- Source: adapted from Lewison, 1996, p. 279.
Figure 16.7 Criteria for  evaluating foreign distributors 16- Overall qualifications/ selection criteria Financial  and company  strengths Product factors Marketing skills Commitment Facilitating  factors Source: Adapted from Cavusgil  et al . (1995).
Cathay Pacific chose  standardized advertising  throughout its markets 17- http://www.cathaypacific.com
Courvoisier cognac used  a localization strategy 17- http://www.courvoisier.com/

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International marketing mix decisions

  • 2. 14- Figure 1 Environmental factors influencing the balance between standardization and adaptation
  • 3. 14- Figure 2 Standardization and adaptation of the international marketing mix
  • 4. Figure 14.1 The three levels of a product 14- functional features, performance, perceived value, image, technology Delivery, installation, guarantees, after-sales service, spare parts brand, quality, design, packaging, price, country of origin, staff behaviour, size Core product benefits Product attributes Support services Ability to standardize product elements Low High
  • 5. Figure 14.3 The product life cycle 14-
  • 6. Figure 14.7 PLCs of different countries for a specific product 14-
  • 7. Figure 14.11 Product/ communication mode 14- Promotion Product Standard Adapt New Adapt Standard Straight extension Promotion adaptation Product adaptation Dual adaptation Product invention Source: Source: adapted from Keegan, 1995.
  • 8. Kellogg ’s dual adaption for Indian market 14- http://www.kelloggcompany.com
  • 9. Orgasmic Chocolates stimulate more than the sense of taste 14-
  • 10. Omega utilizes celebrity branding 14- www. omega watches.com
  • 11. Figure 15.1 International pricing framework 15- Firm-level factors Environmental factors Product factors Market factors Firm performance Other elements Pricing strategies Terms
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Gillette relies on product line pricing 15- www. gillette .com/
  • 15. Basic approaches to pricing across countries 15- Price standardization Price differentiation
  • 16. Figure 15.5 Structural factors of standardized versus differentiated pricing 15- Source: Reprinted from European Management Journal , Vol. 12, No. 2, Diller. H. and Bukhari, I. (1994) ‘Pricing conditions in the European Common Market’, p. 168, Copyright 1994, with permission from Elsevier.
  • 17. Figure 16.2a Japanese car parts distribution channels 16- Sources : Cateora (1993); Onkvisit and Shaw (1993); Pirog and Lancioni (1997).
  • 18. Figure 16.2b US car parts distribution channels 16- Sources : Cateora (1993); Onkvisit and Shaw (1993); Pirog and Lancioni (1997).
  • 19. Figure 16.5 Factors influencing channel width 16- Source: adapted from Lewison, 1996, p. 279.
  • 20. Figure 16.7 Criteria for evaluating foreign distributors 16- Overall qualifications/ selection criteria Financial and company strengths Product factors Marketing skills Commitment Facilitating factors Source: Adapted from Cavusgil et al . (1995).
  • 21. Cathay Pacific chose standardized advertising throughout its markets 17- http://www.cathaypacific.com
  • 22. Courvoisier cognac used a localization strategy 17- http://www.courvoisier.com/