The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a standardized system used to classify diseases and health conditions. It was created in 1893 and is updated every 10 years by the World Health Organization. The current version is ICD-10, approved in 1990. ICD-10 organizes diseases into 21 chapters based on affected body system or condition. It provides alphanumeric codes to classify diseases for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes on an international scale. The next revision, ICD-11, is currently being developed with a draft submitted to WHO by 2017 and final version in 2018.
The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
International classification of disease and International non-proprietary nam...JAYANTHBM
This slideshare give you a knowledge about international classification of diseases and international non-proprietary names of drugs. And also about the guidelines how they classify the disease and where we can find this type of classification and what is its primary use and who use this type of classification and use of non-proprietary names.
The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
International classification of disease and International non-proprietary nam...JAYANTHBM
This slideshare give you a knowledge about international classification of diseases and international non-proprietary names of drugs. And also about the guidelines how they classify the disease and where we can find this type of classification and what is its primary use and who use this type of classification and use of non-proprietary names.
introduction to ICD 10 course ,presented according to the health offices computerization under the supervision of the national information center -Ministry of health and population.
"ICD allows the counting of diseases, injuries, symptoms, reasons for encounter, factors that influence health status, and external causes of disease and death, such as accidents."
The ICD-11 is the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. It will replace the ICD-10 as the global standard for coding health information and causes of death. The ICD is developed and annually updated by the World Health Organization
ICD-10 is a statistical classification, which means that it contains a limited number of mutually exclusive code categories, which describe all disease concepts.
Covid 19 and the cardiovascular system implications for risk assessment dia...Ramachandra Barik
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents the greatest medical challenge in decades. We provide a comprehensive review of the clinical course of COVID-19, its comorbidities, and
mechanistic considerations for future therapies. While COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, causing interstitial
pneumonitis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it also affects multiple organs, particularly the
cardiovascular system. Risk of severe infection and mortality increase with advancing age and male sex. Mortality is
increased by comorbidities: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and cancer.
The most common complications include arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and ventricular
fibrillation), cardiac injury [elevated highly sensitive troponin I (hs-cTnI) and creatine kinase (CK) levels], fulminant
myocarditis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Mechanistically,
SARS-CoV-2, following proteolytic cleavage of its S protein by a serine protease, binds to the transmembrane
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) —a homologue of ACE—to enter type 2 pneumocytes, macrophages,
perivascular pericytes, and cardiomyocytes. This may lead to myocardial dysfunction and damage, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, plaque instability, and myocardial infarction (MI). While ACE2 is essential for viral invasion, there is no evidence that ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) worsen prognosis.
Hence, patients should not discontinue their use. Moreover, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors might be beneficial in COVID-19. Initial immune and inflammatory responses induce a severe cytokine storm
[interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-22, IL-17, etc.] during the rapid progression phase of COVID-19. Early evaluation and
continued monitoring of cardiac damage (cTnI and NT-proBNP) and coagulation (D-dimer) after hospitalization
may identify patients with cardiac injury and predict COVID-19 complications. Preventive measures
International classification of diseases (ICD) is managed by world health organization (WHO). It is globally used diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.
A Meta-Analysis of COVID-19. This meta-analysis does not provide all of the answers regarding the appropriate course of action but is intended to help provide clarity assessing many of the MEDICAL considerations at play in the current pandemic. A responsible course of action addressing this pandemic must balance out a range of interconnected Medical, Economic and Social considerations.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES
• International statistical classification of diseases and related
health problems in short “ICD” is the international standard
diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical
purposes.
• ICD is designed as health care classification system which
provides the diagnostic codes for classifying diseases including
classification of wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal
findings, complaints, social circumstances and external cause of
injury or disease.
3. Historical synopsis
In 1860, Florence nightingale →made first model of systemic
collection of hospital data.
In 1893, French physician, Jacques Bertillon→ introduced
Bertillon classification of cause of death
In 1898, American public health association→ recommended
revision of ICD system every 10 years.
The revision followed minor changes until 6th version of
ICD→ morbidity and mortality condition and section on
mental disorders
WHO →responsibility for preparing and publishing the ICD
revisions every 10 years.
4. •The ICD -10 was formed in 1893, as the Bertillon
classification of international list of causes of death.
• The work on ICD -10 started in 1983 → approved in
1990 at 43rd world health assembly (WHA)
7. CAUSE OF DEATH
THE CAUSES OF DEATH to be entered on the medical certificate
are all those diseases, morbid conditions or injuries which are
either resulted or contributed to death and circumstances of
accident or violence , which produced any such injuries.
UNDERLYING CAUSE OF DEATH
a) Diseases or injury which initiated the sequence of events leading
directly to death
b) The circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the
fatal injury.
8.
9. Later more scientific approach was adopted in
classifying diseases. According to certain
characteristics of diseases or injuries, such as
1. The part of the body affected
2. The etiological agent
3. The kind of morbid change produced by the disease
or injury .
4. The kind of disturbance of function produced by
disease or injury.
11. The ICD -10 is arranged in 21 major
chapters
1.Certain Infectious and parasitic diseases.[A00- B99]
2.Neoplasms [C00-D48]
3. Diseases of the blood and blood forming organs and certain
disorders involving the immune mechanism[D50 – D89]
4. Endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases [E00-E90]
5. Mental and behavioral disorders [F00-F99]
6. Disorders of the nervous system [G00-G99]
7. Diseases of eye and adnexa [H00-H99]
12. The ICD -10 is arranged in 21 major
chapters cont…
8. Diseases of the ear and mastoid process [H60-H95]
9. Diseases of circulatory system [I00-I99]
10. Diseases of respiratory system [J00-J99]
11. Diseases of digestive system [K00-K99]
12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue [L00- L99]
13. Diseases the musculoskeletal system and connective
tissue[M00-M99]
14. Diseases of genitourinary system [N00-N99]
15. Pregnancy , childbirth and puerperium [O00-O99]
13. The ICD -10 is arranged in 21 major
chapters cont…
16. Certain conditions originating in perinatal period [P00 P96]
17. Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities [Q 00- Q99]
18. Signs, Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory
findings, not elsewhere classified [R00-R99]
19. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes [S00-T98]
20. External causes of morbidity and mortality [V01-Y98]
21. Factors influencing health status and contact with health
services . [Z00-Z99].
14. THE CODING SYSTEM
The first character of the ICD -10 code is a letter and each letter is
associated with a particular chapter except for letter D, which is used
in chapter 2 and chapter 3, and letter H which is used in chapter 7
and chapter 8.
Chapter 1, 2, 19, 20 use more than one letter in the first position of
their codes
Each chapter contains sufficient 3 character categories to cover its
contents
Most of the 3 character categories are subdivided by means of a 4th
numeric character after a decimal point, allowing up to 10
subcategories
15. Example :-
Chapter 21–factors influencing health status and contact with health
services [Z00 - Z99]
Z 22 –carriers of infectious diseases
Z22.0 –carrier of thyroid
Z22.1 –carrier of intestinal infectious diseases
Z22.2 –carrier of diphtheria
Z22.3 –carrier of specific bacterial diseases
Z22.4 –carrier of infections with predominantly sexual mode of
transmission
Z22.5 –carrier of viral hepatitis
Z22.6 –carrier of human T- lymphotropic virus type -1(HTLV-1) infection
Z22.8 –carrier of other infectious diseases
Z22.9 –carrier of infectious disease, unspecified .
16. Z 72- Problems related to life style
Z 72.0 – tobacco use
Z 72.1 – alcohol use
Z 72.2 – drug use
Z 72.3 – lack of physical exercise
Z 72.4 – Inappropriate
Z 72.5 –high risk sexual behavior
Z 72.6 –gambling and betting
Z 72.8 –other problems related to life style
Z 72.9 –problem related to life style, unspecified
17. Z 22.3-carriers of specified bacterial diseases
Z 22.31 : carrier of bacterial diseases due to meningococci.
Z 22.32 : carrier of bacterial diseases due to staphalococci.
Z 22.33 : carrier of bacterial diseases due to streptococci.
Z 22.34 : carrier of bacterial other specified bacterial
diseases.
18.
19. ICD - 10
The latest version of ICD -10 which came into force in January
1st 1993, revised in 2003.
The main innovations of ICD 10th Revisions are :
1. Relevant information for ambulatory and managed care
encounter.
2. Expanded injury codes.
3. New combination codes for diagnosis / symptoms to reduce the
number of codes needed to describe a problem fully.
20. 4. Classification refined to increased data
granularity/quality.
5. Replacing numerical system of coding frame with
alphanumerical coding frame.
6. Of 26 available letters 25 have been used , except the
letter “U” being left vacant.
21.
22. ICD -11
The world health organization is currently revising the
ICD towards ICD-11.
The development is taking place on an internet based
workspace called " ICAT " platform ,(International Centre
for Automotive Technology)
The draft of the ICD -11 system → submitted to WHO’s
world health assembly (WHA)→ by 2017 and a final
version → in 2018.
23. Advantages and Limitations of ICD
Advantages:
1) fast aggregation of
health data.
2) To know the real time
information about current
health situation.
3) Wider analysis of
community health.
4) Global health
assessment.
Limitations:
1) Discussion is limited to
classified diseases
2) Common term
descriptions of diseases
3) Covers the most
common diseases
4) Country specific
modifications of certain
diseases
25. Example :-
A 67 year old male admitted with retention of urine in
hospital. The chain of events followed were :
A) Uremia
B) Hydro-nephrosis
C) Retention of urine
D) Hypertrophy of prostate
26. I) immediate cause of death in this case is uremia
II) underlying cause of death was hypertrophy of prostate
27. Example :-
A 46 year old male admitted in unconscious state in
neurosurgery ICU. The chain of events followed were :
a) Head injury
b) Increased ICP
c) Hypertention
d) Decreased cerebral perfusion pressure
28. I) immediate cause of death in this case is Decreased cerebral
perfusion pressure
II) underlying cause of death was increased ICP
29. Reference :-
• Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition
- K.PARK
• Textbook of preventive and social medicine , 4th edition -
SUNDER LAL, ADARSH, PANKAJ.
• Textbook of preventive and social medicine , 4th edition -
MAHAJAN AND GUPTA.
• Textbook of community medicine –KULKARNI. Google
reference :
• www.cdc.gov/nchs/cd9.htm
• International classification of diseases (WHO) archived from
the original on 12th feb,2015.Retrived 14th march 2015.
• ^WHO . List of official ICD updates.
• ^ICD revision time lines and ICD- coding Tool. Note: ICD -10 in
hospital settings : WHO's ICD -10 online browser located at
http://apps.who.int/classification/icd10/browse/2015/en#/20.0