International classification of disease and International non-proprietary nam...JAYANTHBM
This slideshare give you a knowledge about international classification of diseases and international non-proprietary names of drugs. And also about the guidelines how they classify the disease and where we can find this type of classification and what is its primary use and who use this type of classification and use of non-proprietary names.
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
Organization and objectives of ICH, expedited reporting, ICSR, PSURs, post approval expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance Planning, good clinical practices
ICD-10 is a statistical classification, which means that it contains a limited number of mutually exclusive code categories, which describe all disease concepts.
International classification of disease and International non-proprietary nam...JAYANTHBM
This slideshare give you a knowledge about international classification of diseases and international non-proprietary names of drugs. And also about the guidelines how they classify the disease and where we can find this type of classification and what is its primary use and who use this type of classification and use of non-proprietary names.
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
Organization and objectives of ICH, expedited reporting, ICSR, PSURs, post approval expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance Planning, good clinical practices
ICD-10 is a statistical classification, which means that it contains a limited number of mutually exclusive code categories, which describe all disease concepts.
introduction to ICD 10 course ,presented according to the health offices computerization under the supervision of the national information center -Ministry of health and population.
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the new International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) which would come into effect in January 2022. This document takes a closer look at revisions made to the document and its possible impact on healthcare payers.
International classification of diseases (ICD) is managed by world health organization (WHO). It is globally used diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.
The ICD-11 is the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. It will replace the ICD-10 as the global standard for coding health information and causes of death. The ICD is developed and annually updated by the World Health Organization
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally recognized system for classifying and coding diseases, health conditions, and related factors. It is maintained and updated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and serves several critical functions in healthcare and epidemiology. To describe the ICD comprehensively within 3000 characters, we'll cover its history, purpose, structure, and significance.
**History:**
The roots of the ICD can be traced back to the mid-19th century when various countries began documenting statistics on causes of death. The need for a standardized classification system became evident as different nations used their own systems, hindering international comparisons. The ICD was officially established in its modern form in 1948, with subsequent revisions and updates.
**Purpose:**
The primary purposes of the ICD are as follows:
1. **Disease Classification:** The ICD provides a systematic way to categorize diseases and health conditions. Each condition is assigned a unique code, which simplifies data collection and reporting.
2. **Clinical Diagnosis:** Healthcare professionals use the ICD to document and communicate diagnoses. This aids in patient care, medical billing, and insurance claims processing.
3. **Epidemiology:** The ICD is crucial for monitoring and analyzing disease patterns on a global scale. It helps identify emerging health threats, allocate resources, and develop public health policies.
4. **Health Statistics:** Governments and health organizations use the ICD to compile health statistics, such as causes of death and disease prevalence. This information guides healthcare planning and resource allocation.
**Structure:**
The ICD is organized into chapters, sections, and codes. The current version, ICD-10, is divided into 22 chapters, covering a wide range of health-related topics. Here's an overview of some key chapters:
- **Chapter I:** Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
- **Chapter II:** Neoplasms (cancers)
- **Chapter III:** Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
- **Chapter IV:** Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases
- **Chapter V:** Mental and behavioral disorders
- **Chapter VI:** Diseases of the nervous system
- **Chapter VII:** Diseases of the eye and adnexa
- **Chapter VIII:** Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
- **Chapter IX:** Diseases of the circulatory system
- **Chapter X:** Diseases of the respiratory system
- **Chapter XI:** Diseases of the digestive system
- **Chapter XII:** Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
- **Chapter XIII:** Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
- **Chapter XIV:** Diseases of the genitourinary system
- **Chapter XV:** Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium
- **Chapter XVI:** Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
- **Chapter XVII:** Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities
- **Chapter XVIII:** Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and labor
What is holistic health? Dimensions of holistic health. recent trends in holistic health. Holistic medicine, objectives, principles, types of treatment, Integration of allopathy with AYUSH.
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseasesarijitkundu88
Various emerging and reemerging diseases. Factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases. Antibiotic resistance. The global response to control them. Laboratories network in surveillance.
Past and future of eradication and elimination of different diseases. How to plan for elimination and eradication. What are the diseases can be eliminated? OPV to IPV shift!
Culture is deeply involved in matters of personal hygiene, nutrition, immunization, seeking early medical care, family planning -in short, the whole way of life. Different cultures are there in different societies which may or may not have positive effects on health.
Planning, monitoring & evaluation of health care programarijitkundu88
this presentation is for the basic idea of planning monitoring and evaluation of health care programs. the details steps of planning is covered. i hope it will help all the persons interested in public health and different health programs.
Sustainable development goals...ak 07.07.16arijitkundu88
this is a ppt of sustainable development goals mostly i covered the part associated with medical and health part. i also tried to cover millennium development goals. I hope it will help you all.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. WHO Family of International Classifications
The WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC) is
comprised of classifications to describe various aspects of the health
and the health system in a consistent manner.
The purpose of FIC is to assist the development of reliable
statistical systems at local, national and international levels, with the
aim of improving health status and health care.
3. Family of International Classification (FIC)
I nternational
C lassification of
D iseases
I nternational
C lassification of
F unctioning,
D isability & Health
I nternational
C lassification of
H ealth
I nterventions
(under development)
RELATED Classifications
International Classification of
Primary Care (ICPC)
International Classification of
External Causes of Injury
(ICECI)
The Anatomical, Therapeutic,
Chemical (ATC) classification
system with Defined Daily
Doses (DDD)
ISO 9999 Technical aids for
persons with disabilities –
Classification and
Terminology
DERIVED Classifications
International Classification of
Diseases for Oncology,
Third Edition (ICD-O-3)
The ICD-10 Classification of
Mental and Behavioural
Disorders
Application of the International
Classification of Diseases to
Dentistry and Stomatology,
Third Edition (ICD-DA)
Application of the International
Classification of Diseases to
Neurology (ICD-10-NA)
ICF, Children & Youth Version
(ICF -CY)
REFERENCE
Classifications
4. Population Health
• Births
• Deaths
• Diseases
• Disability
• Risk factors
ICD
ICF
ICHI
Classifications
Clinical
• Decision Support
• Integration of care
• Outcome
• Research
Administration
• Scheduling
• Resources
• Billing
• Policy Making
Reporting
• Cost based
• Needs based
• Outcome based
Applications of Classification
5. International Classification of Diseases is the international
"standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health
management and clinical purposes."
Can be defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities
are assigned according to established criteria.
Used to translate diagnoses of diseases and other health problems
from words into an alphanumeric code.
Introduction
6. Why to use classification ?
• To allow easy storage, retrieval and analysis of data
• To allow systematic recording, analysis, interpretation and
comparison of mortality and morbidity data between hospitals,
provinces and countries
• To allow comparisons in the same location across different
time periods
7. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a
system, developed collaboratively between the World Health
Organization (WHO) and 10 international centers so that the
medical terms reported by physicians, medical examiners, and
coroners on death certificates can be grouped together for
statistical purposes.
Development of ICD
8. Evolution of ICD
• First attempts to systematically classify diseases were made in 17th & 18th
century.
• During 17th century, John Graunt recognized the need to organize
mortality data into some logical form and therefore developed the first
statistical study of disease, called the London Bills of Mortality.
• In this work, Graunt classified the deaths of all children who were born
alive but who died before they reached the age of six.
• Resulting classifications were considered to be of little utility, due to
inconsistencies in nomenclature and poor statistical data.
9. First medical statistician of
the General Register Office
of England and Wales
submitted his Report in
1855 on nomenclature and
statistical classification of
diseases,
in which
he included most of those
fatal diseases that affect
health.
William Farr
(1807-1883)
Evolution of ICD
10. A Beginning of Modern
Classification
Jacques Bertillon(1851-1922)
Chief of Statistical
Services of Paris,
prepared classification
based on the principle of
distinguishing between
general diseases and those
localized to a particular
organ or anatomical site.
This was adopted in 1893.
11. ICD: History (cont.)
1893 ISI adopted 1st edition of international
classification system: The International List
of Causes of Death
1899 “Causes of Death” adopted by some
American and European countries
New ICD edition approximately every 10
years
ICD-2 (1910-1920) renamed: International
Classification of Causes of Sickness and
Death
ICD-4 (1930-1938), transfer to
categories based on etiology
12. ICD: History (cont.)
ICD-5 (1939-1948), comparability between
successive ICD versions
ICD-6 (1949-1957), WHO entrusted ICD as its criterion: International
Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death:
• For the first time included morbidity
• New main category: Mental, Psychoneurotic, and Personality Disorders
ICD-7 Seventh Revision Conference was held in
Paris in 1955 and, the revision was limited to
essential changes.
ICD-8 (1968-1978) Expanded cross-indexing
hospital clinical records
13. ICD: History (cont.)
ICD-9 (1979-1994) Included narrative MBD descriptions
similar to DSM-II language.
• 1978 refined classification and diagnosis of mental disorders
• 1982 diagnostic instruments and algorithms shaped and refined
ICD-10 was endorsed by the Forty-third World Health
Assembly in May 1990 and came into use in WHO
Member States as from 1994.
India adopted this classification in 2000.
ICD-11 launched on 18th June,2018.
14. 120+ years of ICD History
ICD-1
International List
of Causes
of Death
1893
ICD- 2
International List
of Causes
of Sickness
and Death
1909 1929
ICD- 4
Categories
based on
etiology
ICD- 6
International
Classification of
Diseases, Injuries
and Causes of Death
1948
Mental, Psychoneurotic
and Personality Disorders
1975
ICD- 9
Narrative descriptions
of Mental & Behavioral
disorders
1990
ICD- 10
ICD- 11
2017-2018
15. Primary users
Users include
Physicians,
Nurses,
Health workers,
Researchers,
Health information managers,
Policy-makers,
Insurers and
National health program managers
16. Structure and Principles of ICD
Originally conceived by William Farr
The Classification is grouped as below:
Epidemic diseases
Constitutional or general diseases
Local diseases arranged by site
Developmental diseases
Injuries.
17. ICD-9 & ICD-10
Much larger than ICD-9
ICD-10 has 21 chapters against 17 Chapters in ICD-9
Numeric codes ( 001-999 ) were used in ICD-9 where as an
alphanumeric coding, (A00-Z99) has been adopted in ICD-10.
It enlarged the number of categories available for the classification.
Further detail by means of decimal numeric subdivisions at the
four character level.
18. Volumes of ICD-10
Volume 1: Tabular list
Volume 2: Instruction
manual
Volume 3: Alphabetical
Index
19. Volume 1: Tabular list
An alphanumeric listing of
diseases and disease groups, along
with inclusion and exclusion notes,
some coding rules, special
tabulation lists for mortality and
morbidity, definition and
regulation.
20. Volume 2: INSTRUCTION MANUAL
It provides
Instructions on how to use
volume 1 and 3.
Guidelines for certification
and rules for mortality coding
Guidelines for recording and
coding for morbidity coding
Statistical presentation
21. Volume 3: Alphabetical index
Is the comprehensive
Alphabetical index of the
diseases and conditions
found in the tabular list
22. Chapters of ICD-10
The ICD-10 contains 21 chapters, each of which identified by a
Roman numeral.
Chapters I to XVII: Diseases and other morbid conditions.
Chapter XVIII: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and
laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified.
Chapter XIX: Injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences
of external causes.
Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality.
Chapter XXI: Factors influencing health status and contact with
health services.
23. Chapters of ICD-10
15 of the chapters have a single letter assigned to them and
use most of the 100 categories available
Chapters have a smaller range of categories assigned to
them and share letters
4 chapters use more than one letter in defining the scope of
their categories
24. Chapter Chapter Title Codes
I Infectious and parasitic diseases A00-B99
II Neoplasms C00-D49
III Diseases of the blood & blood-forming organs & disorders of the
immune mechanism
D50-D59
IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases E00-E99
V Mental and behavioral disorders F00-F99
VI Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99
VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa H00-H59
VIII Diseases of the ear and mastoid process H60-H99
IX Diseases of the circulatory system I00-I99
X Diseases of the respiratory system J00-J99
XI Diseases of the digestive system K00-K99
XII Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue L00-L99
Tabular List of Chapters
25. Chapter Chapter Title Codes
XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system & connective tissue M00-M99
XIV Diseases of the genitourinary system N00-N99
XV Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium O00-O99
XVI Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period P00-P99
XVII Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal
abnormalities
Q00-Q99
XVIII Symptoms & abnormal clinical & lab findings, not elsewhere
classified
R00-R99
XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes
S00-T99
XX External causes of morbidity and mortality V00-Y99
XXI Factors influencing health status & contact with health services Z00-Z99
Tabular List of Chapters
26. Basic coding guidelines
The basic ICD is a single coded list of three- character
categories, each of which can be further divided into up to 10 four-
character subcategories.
Three-character categories is mandatory level of coding for
international reporting to the WHO mortality database and for
general international comparisons.
Tenth Revision uses an alphanumeric code with a letter in the first
position and a number in the second, third and fourth positions.
27. Some three-character categories have been left vacant for
future expansion / Revision
Codes U00–U49 are to be used by WHO for the provisional
assignment of new diseases of uncertain etiology.
Codes U50–U99 may be used in research, e.g. when testing
an alternative sub-classification for a special project.
Basic coding guidelines
28. The fourth character follows a decimal point.
Possible code numbers therefore range from A00.0 to
Z99.9.
Fill fourth position with X , when sub-division is not there, so
that the codes are of a standard length for data-processing.
A N N . N
Basic coding guidelines
29. Structure of ICD-10 Codes
The chapters are subdivided into homogeneous "blocks" of three-
alphanumeric character categories.
Example:
Chapter I: (A00-B99): Certain infectious and parasitic disease
A00-A09 Intestinal infectious diseases
A15-A19 Tuberculosis
A20-A28 Certain zoonotic bacterial diseases
A30-A49 Other bacterial diseases
30. Structure of ICD-10 Codes
The classification itself at the three character level
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
Intestinal infectious diseases (A00-A09)
A00 Cholera
A01 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
A02 Other salmonella infections
A03 Shigellosis
A04 Other bacterial intestinal infections
A05 Other bacterial foodborne intoxications
A06 Amoebiasis
A07 Other protozoal intestinal diseases
A08 Viral and other specified intestinal infections
A09 Diarrhoea & gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin
31. Classification at the four character level
Amoebiasis (A060 to A069)
A06.0 Acute amoebic dysentery
A06.1 Chronic intestinal dysentery
A06.2 Amoebic non-dysenteric colitis
A06.3 Amoeboma of intestine
A06.4 Amoebic liver abscess
A06.5† Amoebic lung abscess (J99.8*)
A06.6† Amoebic brain abscess (G07*)
A06.7 Cutaneous Amoebiais
A06.8 Amoebic infection of other parts of body
A06.9 Amoebiais unspecified
Structure of ICD-10 Codes
32. 1. Dagger and Asterisk
2. Inclusion Terms
3. Exclusion Terms
4. Parentheses ( )
5. Square Brackets [ ]
6. Colon :
7. Brace }
8. Not Otherwise Specified NOS
9. Not Elsewhere Classified NEC
10. AND in code titles
11. Point Dash
12. Additional codes
Special signs
33. 1. The “dagger and asterisk” system
Additional codes for fine tuning
Dagger (†) - Used for the underlying disease
It points at the root cause/main condition
Asterisk (*) - Manifestation of primary disease
i.e. it points at the secondary cause
• The dagger & asterisk code should be used together and the dagger
code is preferred as main code.
• ICD-10 classification suggests that the “Main Condition” can be
made more specific by addition of another code.
Special signs
34. Example:
Amoebiasis (A060 to A069)
A06.0 Acute amoebic dysentery
A06.1 Chronic intestinal dysentery
A06.2 Amoebic nondysenteric colitis
A06.3 Amoeboma of intestine
A06.4 Amoebic liver abscess
A06.5† Amoebic lung abscess (J99.8*)
A06.6† Amoebic brain abscess (G07*)
A06.7 Cutaneous amoebiasis
A06.8 Amoebic infection of other parts
A06.9 Amoebiais unspecified
Intracranial & intraspinal abscess (G07*)
Abscess of Brain
• Amoebic brain abscess (A06.6 †)
• Gonococcal abscess (A54.8 †)
• Tuberculous abscess (A17.8 †)
Dagger (†) - Used for the root cause
Asterisk (*) – Used for the
secondary cause
35. 2. Inclusion Terms
Usually listed within the three and four character categories, may also
be at block or chapter level
Examples of the different conditions or synonyms for the condition
coded to that category
Not a sub-classification
3. Exclusion Terms
List of conditions that are to be coded elsewhere, not to the code being
looked at.
The correct code is in parentheses.
Special signs
36. Tuberculosis (A15-A19)
Incl.: Infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium bovis
Excl.: congenital tuberculosis (P37.0)
human immunodeficieny [HIV] disease resulting in
tuberculosis (B20.0)
pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis (J65)
sequelae of tuberculosis (B90.-)
silicotuberculosis (J65)
Example:
37. 4. Parentheses ( )
Enclose supplementary words
Enclose the code for the exclusion term
Enclose the three character codes of categories in a block
Enclose the dagger code in an asterisk category or the asterisk
code in a dagger term
Special signs
38. 5. Square Brackets [ ]
For enclosing synonyms, alternative words or explanatory
phrases
For referring to notes
For referring to fourth character subdivisions common to a
number of categories
Special signs
39. 6. Colon :
Used in lead terms and listings of inclusion and exclusion terms
when the words in the list need an essential modifier to allow
assignment of the specified code
Example:
G71.0 Muscular dystrophy :
• autosomal recessive
• benign [Becker]
• distal
Special signs
40. 7. Brace }
Used to link a series of terms
Each term on the left of the brace must be modified by at
least one of the terms to the right of the brace before the
specific code can be assigned
Special signs
41. 8. Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
Means unspecified or unqualified
Only used if no other information exists to allow assignment of
a more specific code
Example:
K14.9 Disease of tongue, unspecified
Glossopathy NOS
Special signs
42. 9. Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)
Used as a warning that specific types of the condition being
coded appear elsewhere in the classification
If more specific information is available, a different code may
be selected
Example:
K73.2 Chronic hepatitis, not elsewhere classified
Special signs
43. 10. “AND” in code titles
"and" stands for "and/or” in code titles
Example: S49.9 Unspecified injury of shoulder and upper arm
Means that here we can code the following:
unspecified injury of shoulder
unspecified injury of upper arm
unspecified injury of shoulder and upper arm
Special signs
44. 11. Point Dash .-
Indicates to the coder that a fourth character exists and should be
sought at category, block or chapter level
Example: D59.1 Other autoimmune haemolytic anaemias
Excludes: haemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (P55.-)
Tabular List Conventions
45. 12. Additional codes
ICD-10 sometimes indicates when coding can be made more
specific by the addition of another code
instructions such as
use additional external cause code, if desired, to
identify cause
use additional code (B95-B97) to identify infectious
agent
Tabular List Conventions
46. Volume 3 (Alphabetical index)
Volume 3 is divided into three sections as follows:
Section-I lists all the terms classifiable to Chapters I-XIX and
Chapter XXI, except drugs and other chemicals.
Section II is the index of external causes of morbidity and mortality
and contains all the terms classifiable to Chapter XX, except drugs
and other chemicals.
Section III gives Table of Drugs and Chemicals lists for substance
the codes for poisonings & adverse effects of drugs (under Chapter
XIX )
47. Size of the Classification
No formal training
No user-friendly software to guide
Inadequate staff in MRD
Use of nonstandard abbreviations
Delay/ incomplete case sheets
Procedure (instead of diagnosis) are written
Manually done – very slow and difficult
Problem encountered
48. ICD - 11
Need for an 11th Revision
• ICD-10, despite the updating process, ICD-10 was clinically outdated
• Structural changes were needed to some chapters
• Increasing need to operate in an electronic environment
• Need to capture more information for morbidity
Launched on 18th June, 2018.
49. ICD-11: Features
About 300 specialists of 55 countries, organized in 30 main working groups
have provided their input to make ICD-11 scientifically up-to-date, and
structural problems that became apparent using ICD-10 have been solved.
ICD-11 is much easier to use than ICD-10.
The systematic reliance on the use of code combinations and extension codes
makes ICD finally clinically relevant.
Primary care, cancer coding, traditional medicine and a section for assessment
of functioning are now included.
50. ICD-11: Features
Special versions, as for mental health, primary care, or dermatology are
produced.
ICD-11 is truly multilingual.
ICD-11 is based on the electronic foundation component that contains all
content, structural information, references in a machine readable format. The
content is then rendered for machine or human use, electronically or in print.
ICD-11 is digital health: The system allows connection of any software
through a standard API. The same package is also prepared for offline use.
51. ICD-11: Features
In ICD-11, each disease entity has a description that give key descriptions
and guidance in meaning of the entity/category is in human-readable terms,
to guide users.
Definitions have a standard structure according to a template with standard
definition templates and further features exemplified in a "Content Model".
The Content Model is a structured framework that captures the knowledge
that reinforces the definition of an ICD entity.
Each ICD entity can be seen from different dimensions or "parameters".
52. For example, there are currently 13 defined main parameters in the Content
Model to describe a category in ICD:
1) ICD Entity Title - Fully Specified Name
2) Classification Properties - disease, disorder, injury, etc.
3) Textual Definitions - short standard description
4) Terms - synonyms, other inclusion and exclusions
5) Body System/Structure Description - anatomy and physiology
6) Temporal Properties - acute, chronic or other
ICD-11: Features
53. 7) Severity of Subtypes Properties - mild, moderate, severe, or other scales
8) Manifestation Properties - signs, symptoms
9) Causal Properties - etiology: infectious, external cause, etc.
10)Functioning Properties - impact on daily life: activities and participation
11)Specific Condition Properties - relates to pregnancy etc.
12)Treatment Properties - specific treatment considerations: e.g. resistance
13)Diagnostic Criteria - operational definitions for assessment
ICD-11: Features