Culture part 2
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Values, norms, and beliefs make up the key components of culture. Values are principles of right and wrong that guide beliefs even without evidence, and can contradict between ideal and real cultures. Norms are unwritten guidelines for appropriate behavior in specific situations, and can be prescriptive, proscriptive, formal or informal. Norms are enforced through social sanctions from agents of social control, and violations are judged based on how seriously the culture takes the norm, from folkways to mores to laws to taboos.
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Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms and expectations. There are several types of deviance such as drug abuse, crimes, and prostitution. Deviance is usually met with negative social sanctions though it can also drive social change by highlighting issues with existing norms. Societies use both informal social controls like social pressure and formal controls through laws and institutions to encourage conformity and control deviance. However, deviance is unavoidable and relative as norms vary between cultures and change over time.
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BS EDUCATION
SEMSETER 2nd
(From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024)
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Institute of Education
University Of Sargodha *
Deviance
This document discusses theories of deviant behavior including social pathology, biological, psychological, labeling, anomie/structural stress, and conflict theories. Social pathology explains deviance as caused by illness/malfunctions. Biological theories examine genetic/physical traits while psychological theories cite inner conflicts/impulses. Labeling theory argues that society's labeling of behaviors as deviant can cause deviance. Anomie theory links deviance with lack of access to goals. Conflict theory sees deviance arising from an unjust social structure with unequal distribution of wealth/power.
Meaning of Deviance and its sociology.pptx
The members of the society, at a particular time and place, create and impose rules, regulations, values, norms and laws and other forms of social control to maintain peace and order, to promote harmonious relations, and to preserve the stability of the existing social order. However, there are members who transgress the rules, violate the laws, defy the existing values, rebel against the established social order, and disregard the prevailing social standards and expectations. These people are tagged as deviants and their defiance or transgression is considered as deviant behaviour.
As pointed out by sociologists, deviance is any behaviour that the members of a social group define as violating the established social norms. In other words, there must be a social audience that will determine whether a behaviour is deviant or not. Since norms are relative from one society to another, it follows that what is considered deviant in one society may not be considered as such in another.
005557578.pdf
This document provides an overview of deviance and social control. It discusses different types of behavior ranging from admired to odd to criminal. Several theories of deviance are introduced, including strain theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory. Strain theory proposes that a lack of access to socially acceptable goals and means can lead to deviant behavior. Social disorganization theory links crime rates to weak social ties and lack of social control in communities. Cultural deviance theory suggests conformity to norms in lower class societies can cause criminal behavior. The document examines deviance from several sociological perspectives.
Norms, Values and Sanctions
The document discusses key elements of culture including norms, sanctions, and values. It defines norms as standards of behavior maintained by a society, and classifies norms as either formal/informal or mores/folkways. Sanctions are penalties for violating norms, while values represent collective concepts of what is good, desirable, or proper in a society. Together, norms, sanctions, and values shape behavior and social order within a culture.
Social control
This document discusses social control and its various aspects. It defines social control as a social process that makes individuals responsive to groups and maintains social organization. Social control is needed to regulate individual behavior according to social norms, maintain social order and decisions, and establish unity and solidarity. The main types of social control discussed are direct, indirect, positive, negative, formal, and informal. The key agencies of social control mentioned include legal systems, education, family, state, religion, folkways, norms, values, mores, customs, and fashion.
Chapter 7
This document discusses deviant behavior from several perspectives. It begins by defining deviant behavior as behavior that violates social norms and noting that what is considered deviant can vary by culture and over time. It then provides examples of culturally approved deviants and views on deviance as pathological. The document outlines biological, psychological, and sociological explanations for deviant behavior. It also discusses specific forms of deviance like drug abuse, prostitution, and theories that explain deviance. It concludes with a section on social control and mechanisms to ensure conformity.
Ch7 Deviance and Social Control
The document discusses several key concepts related to deviance and social control, including:
- Deviance is behavior that departs from social norms, while norms are shared rules of conduct. Positive deviance over-conforms to norms while negative deviance under-conforms.
- Internal social control involves internalizing norms, while external social control uses outside pressure to enforce conformity. Social control mechanisms encourage conformity.
- Social sanctions reward or punish behavior to promote norm following, with positive sanctions encouraging conformity and negative sanctions discouraging unacceptable behavior.
- Strain theory posits that deviance is more likely when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them through legitimate means. This can lead to innovation, ritual
Chapter 7
The document discusses several key concepts related to deviance:
- It defines deviance as behavior that violates social norms and explains that what is seen as deviant varies by culture and society.
- It outlines several sociological theories of deviance including functionalism, social control theory, strain theory, and labeling theory.
- It discusses different types of sanctions used to enforce social norms and regulate behavior.
- It differentiates between internal and external means of social control and biological, psychological, and sociological explanations of deviance.
Chapter6 4thed 150323090543-conversion-gate01
This document provides an overview of deviance from a sociological perspective. It defines deviance as behavior that violates social norms and discusses key concepts such as norms, sanctions, and the role of culture in determining what is considered deviant. The document also summarizes several major sociological theories of deviance, including structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, strain theory, and labeling theory. It examines how deviance is defined and addressed differently across cultures and discusses the role of stigma.
Chapter6 4thed 141028152540-conversion-gate01
This document summarizes key concepts around deviance from a sociological perspective. It discusses how deviance is defined as behaviors that violate social norms and cause negative reactions. It also examines how norms and deviance can vary across cultures. Several major theories of deviance are introduced, including structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views deviance as serving social functions. Conflict theory sees deviance as a result of social inequalities. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how social interactions shape definitions of and responses to deviance.
Chapter 6 4th ed
This presentation accompanies Chapter 6 for The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology 4th Edition. The topic is Deviance and Crime.
Deviance and crime perspective of deviance
Deviance refers to violations of social norms and cultural standards. It can be formal, involving criminal acts, or informal. Deviance is defined differently across cultures and societies according to their norms. Society uses social control, both informal means and formal laws and rules, to regulate behavior. Theoretical perspectives on deviance include structural functionalism, which views it as serving essential functions; conflict theory, seeing it as a result of economic factors; and symbolic interactionism examining how societies label behaviors as deviant.
Chapter_4_1_Becoming_A_Member_of_the_Soc.pptx
This document discusses key concepts relating to the organization of society, including socialization, social norms, conformity, deviance, and human rights. It defines socialization as the process by which individuals learn the norms, values and behaviors of their society. Social norms guide behavior and come in the form of folkways, mores and laws. The document also examines theories of deviance from a functionalist and strain perspective. Finally, it discusses the importance of human rights and dignity in democratic societies.
1 sociocultural context of health and health care delivery
Culture:
• Culture: definition- pg 35 in Pretoruis.
• Components of culture:
• Cognitive component- pg 36 in Pretoruis.
• Normative component- pg 37 in Pretoruis.
• Symbolic component- pg 39 in Pretoruis.
Cultural concepts:
• Subcultures- pg 44 in Pretoruis.
• Cultural change- pg 44 in Pretoruis.
• Cultural competence (aspects of cultural identity) - pg 47 in Pretoruis.
• Culture shock- pg 37 in Du Toit.
• Cultural lag- pg 37 in Pretoruis.
HE Access Week 2: Defining and Exploring Culture
This document defines culture and its key components. Culture is the entire way of life for a group, including both material and symbolic elements, and is passed down through generations. It is made up of shared values, beliefs, norms, and roles. Values are beliefs about what is worthwhile, while norms are formal and informal rules about acceptable behavior. Norms can be laws or unwritten rules. Cultures use social control and sanctions to encourage conformity to values and norms. Culture is influenced by both dominant and subculture groups and usually changes slowly over time.
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
This document discusses deviance and crime from a social constructionist perspective. It defines deviance as any action that violates widely accepted social norms and notes that what is considered deviant can vary between cultures, time periods, and social groups. Deviance is created through social definitions and labeling rather than inherent to behaviors themselves. Power dynamics influence which groups are more likely to label and define behaviors of other groups as deviant. Social control mechanisms aim to regulate behavior and enforce norms.
Social deviance and social control xi
This is the simplified materials about social deviation and social control. This material is sync with the materials for USBN and UNBK
Chapter 6 Deviance
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on deviance from a sociology textbook. It defines deviance as behavior that violates social norms and discusses how norms and deviance are defined differently across cultures. It then overviews several major sociological theories of deviance, including functionalism, conflict theory, strain theory, and symbolic interactionism including labeling theory. Labeling theory holds that deviance is caused by external judgments that change one's self-concept and social responses.
Similar to Culture part 2 (20)
1 sociocultural context of health and health care delivery
1 sociocultural context of health and health care delivery
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
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- 1. Culture PART 2- COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
- 2. Values General principles of right and wrong, good and evil, etc. Beliefs: ideas people hold true in the absence of evidence. Value contradictions Ideal culture versus real culture
- 3. Norms Guidelines for behavior in specific situations Prescriptive v. proscriptive Formal v. informal The normative aspect of culture social control Social sanctions +/- imposed by agents of social control
- 4. Different types of norms Depending on how seriously we take the violations of these norms: Folkways Mores Laws Taboos
- 5. Examples of norm violations 1. Follow the link: http://youtu.be/zAjWi663kXc 2. Follow the link: http://youtu.be/jwMj3PJDxuo Try to answer the following questions: ◦ Which norms were violated? ◦ Were they formal or informal norms? ◦ What were the sanctions? ◦ Were they positive or negative? ◦ Who are the agents of social control?
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