Internal communication refers to the exchange of information within an organization and helps to increase productivity, achieve organizational goals, approach problems proactively, and improve customer service and decision-making. It occurs through various channels like memos, intranet, publications, meetings, and telephone. External communication is the exchange of information between an organization and outside groups, and its goals are to facilitate cooperation, present a favorable image, promote the organization, advertise to customers, and provide information about products and services. Channels for external communication include print/broadcast media, pamphlets, press conferences, annual reports, and meetings.