Intergrated paddy cum-fish culture
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This document discusses different types of paddy-fish farming systems. It describes the perennial system of paddy-fish farming in detail. Some key points about the perennial system are that it allows the conversion of low-lying unproductive land into productive units through land shaping and introducing fish. A variety of carp species can be raised together in this system up to table size. The water in the trenches/ponds can be used for irrigation during dry months. It notes important considerations for site selection like low-lying fields with high rainfall, uniform topography, water retention capacity, and soil pH and nutrient levels.
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History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
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This document discusses fertilizers and manures used in aquaculture. It defines fertilizers as inorganic, manufactured materials that contain nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while manures are organic materials made from plant and animal waste. Both can be used to increase primary productivity in aquaculture ponds by augmenting the availability of plant nutrients. Common fertilizers discussed include urea, single super phosphate, and ammonium sulfate. Common manures include cattle dung, poultry manure, pig manure and night soil. Schedules for application of fertilizers and manures during nursery, rearing and grow-out phases are provided.
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This document provides an overview of the design and construction of finfish hatcheries. It discusses the importance of hatcheries in aquaculture for producing fish seed out of season and improving genetics. Key factors to consider in hatchery design include the budget, production targets, site selection, and facilities like water supply and treatment systems. The document outlines various components of a hatchery such as brood fish ponds, hatchery tanks, nursery ponds, and rearing ponds. It provides details on selecting appropriate pond sizes and layout. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes that careful hatchery operation and management is needed due to the sensitivity of fry and fingerlings.
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This document discusses paddy-cum-fish culture as a technique for integrated fish and rice farming. It provides details on the history and development of rice-fish culture, site selection considerations, suitable fish and rice varieties, culture techniques, trench designs, advantages and disadvantages. An economic analysis compares the net return from traditional paddy cultivation versus paddy-cum-fish culture, finding that the integrated system provides over double the income. The conclusion states that rice-fish culture is an innovative system that boosts rice yields, generates additional income from fish, and helps reduce farmer poverty while creating jobs.
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The document discusses the hypophysation technique for inducing breeding in fish. It involves removing the pituitary gland from donor fish, preparing an extract from the gland, and injecting the extract into recipient fish to induce spawning. The technique was first developed commercially in Brazil and was attempted in India in 1937 to induce breeding in Mrigal fish. The document provides details on selecting donor fish, removing and storing the pituitary glands, preparing the extract, injecting it, and releasing the induced donor fish.
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Similar to Intergrated paddy cum-fish culture
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
Integrated fish farming systems refer to the production, integrated management and comprehensive use of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an emphasis on aquaculture. Asia has a long and rich history of integrated fish farming. Written records from the first and second centuries B.C. documented the integration of aquatic plant cultivation and fish farming. From the ninth century, records showed fish farming in the paddy field. From the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, there were records of rotation of fish and grass culture; and by the 1620s, the mulberry-dike fishpond, the integration of fish and livestock farming and complex systems of multiple enterprises integrated with fish farming were developed. Integrated fish farming is the methods by which fish is cultured along with paddy, piggery, poultry or any livestock, or flower culture.
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This document discusses different classifications and types of fish culture systems. It describes monoculture, polyculture, and mono-sex and poly-sex culture systems based on the types of fish species cultured. It also discusses pond, cage, and pen culture systems based on the enclosure used. Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems are classified based on fish density. Integrated fish farming systems combining fish with pigs, ducks, horticulture crops or rice are also outlined. Details are provided on rice-fish farming including suitable rice varieties, culturable fish species and stocking densities. Simultaneous and rotational rice-fish cultivation methods are compared.
Integrated Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture 19.2.2022 PDF.pptx
This document discusses the history and types of rice-fish culture systems. It describes two main types - concurrent and alternate systems. In concurrent systems, rice and fish are cultured simultaneously during the Aman season in waterlogged fields. In alternate systems, fish are stocked after rice is harvested, allowing 6-7 months of fish rearing. Several Southeast Asian countries have adopted rice-fish culture for its environmental and economic benefits of additional food and income from fish.
Construction and maintenance of a fish farm
The document discusses the construction and maintenance of a fish farm. It describes selecting a suitable location based on topography, soil type, and water supply. The ideal layout includes hatchery pits, nursery ponds, rearing ponds, and stocking ponds of different sizes. Pond maintenance involves liming to control parasites, fertilizing to increase natural food sources, and harvesting fish when they reach maturity. Proper site selection and regular pond upkeep are essential for a productive and sustainable fish farming operation.
Rice and fish culture together
The document discusses rice-fish culture technology. It describes how integrated fish farming allows for maximum output with minimum inputs. Rice-fish farming involves culturing rice and fish together in the same land. Several advantages are listed, including additional crop production, pest control by fish, and increased soil fertility and profits compared to rice alone. The history, traditional practices, and recent developments of rice-fish culture are outlined. Key steps of the rice-fish culture technique are summarized such as site selection, infrastructure preparation, land preparation, nursery preparation, stocking, management practices, and harvesting.
Unit_III_Aquaculture_Systems_methods_and_types.ppt
Aquaculture can be classified in several ways, including by salinity, intensity, species stocked, and enclosure used. The document discusses various aquaculture systems such as extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive. It also describes different enclosure types like pond, cage, and pen culture. Aquaculture can be integrated with agriculture through practices like rice-fish, horticulture-fish, and livestock-fish farming which utilize waste to boost fish production. Recirculating aquaculture systems allow for high stocking densities with minimal water exchange.
15. inegrated farm enterprises (integration of enterprises) A Series of Train...
A Series of Training Lecturer Delivered to Sungi Development Foundation Abbottabad Pakistan Trainees By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer KPK Pakistan
Integrated Farming System (IFC)
Fish- livestock farming systems are recognized as highly assured technology where predetermined quantum of livestock waste obtained by rearing the live stock in the pond area is applied in pond to raise the fish crop without any other additional supply of nutrients. The main potential linkages between livestock and fish production concern use of nutrients, particularly reuse of livestock manures for fish production. The term nutrients mainly refer to elements such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) which function as fertilizers to stimulate natural food webs rather than conventional livestock nutrition usage such as feed ingredients. Both production and processing of livestock generate by-products that can be used for aquaculture. Direct use of livestock production wastes is the most widespread and conventionally recognized type of integrated farming. Production wastes include manure, urine and spilled feed; and they may be used as fresh inputs or be processed in some way before use.
Based on the type of livestock used for integration there are many combinations in livestock-fish systems. Some of the combination are listed and discussed below.
Cattle-Fish Culture
Manuring of fish pond by using cow dung is one of the common practices all-over the world. A healthy cow excretes over 4,000-5,000 kg dung, 3,500-4,000 lt urine on an annual basis. Manuring with cow dung, which is rich in nutrients results in increase of natural food organism and bacteria in fishpond. A unit of 5-6 cows can provide adequate manure for 1 ha of pond. In addition to 9,000 kg of milk, about 3,000-4,000 kg fish/ha/year can also be harvested with such integration.
Cowshed should be built close to fishpond to simplify handling of cow manure. A cow requires about 7,000-8,000 kg of green grass annually. Grass carp utilizes the left over grasses, which are about 2,500 kg. Fish also utilize the fine feed which consists of grains wasted by cows. In place of raw cow dung, biogas slurry could be used with equally good production. Twenty to thirty thousand kg of biogas slurry are recycled in 1 ha water area to get over 4000 kg of fish without feed or any fertilizer application.
Pig-Fish system
The waste produced by 30-40 pigs is equivalent to 1 tonne of ammonium sulphate. Exotic breeds like White Yorkshire, Landrace and Hampshire are reared in pig-sty near the fish pond. Depending on the size of the fishponds and their manure requirements, such a system can either be built on the bund dividing two fishponds or on the dry-side of the bund. Pigsties, however, may also be constructed in a nearby place where the urine and dung of pigs are first allowed to the oxidation tanks (digestion chambers) of biogas plants for the production of methane for household use. The liquid manure (slurry) is then discharged into the fishponds through small ditches running through pond bunds. Alternately, the pig manure may be heaped in localized places of fishponds or may be applied in fishponds.
fish culture.pdf
This document discusses fish culture, including its aims, history, classifications, and practices. Fish culture involves raising fish for domestic and commercial purposes and managing their environment to improve growth and reproduction. It originated in China over 2000 years ago. Fish are classified based on culture type (mono vs poly), density (extensive to intensive), enclosure (cage vs pen), and integration with other activities. Common carp and other carps are well-suited for culture due to feeding habits and environmental tolerances. Rotational rice-fish farming and nursery production are also outlined.
Introduction to aquaculture
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants. It involves organized production in aquatic environments through various methods ranging from extensive to intensive. The objectives of aquaculture include producing nutritious food, generating income and employment, utilizing land and water resources efficiently, and producing ornamental fish. Common aquaculture systems include pond culture, cage and pen culture, and monoculture or polyculture of various aquatic species.
Fish farming in maharashtra
1. The document provides recommendations for fish farming in the agro-climatic environment of Palampur valley in India. It recommends farming three exotic carp species that are well-suited to the region.
2. Sites for fish farming should have a permanent water source and soil that retains water well. Ponds should be at least 300 square meters and 1.5 meters deep to be economically viable.
3. Proper preparation of ponds includes liming to adjust the pH, manuring to increase plankton, and stocking with fingerlings of three carp species in specific ratios tailored to the region's conditions.
Goat cum Fish Farming - Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh
In a country like Bangladesh where land is scarce, effort should be taken to increase production through integration of various production system like animal-cum-fish or rice-cum-fish culture for efficient utilization of available meagre resources and maximization of production of diversified products, from a minimum area, which will increase the income of the farmers and would enhance food production. A multi-commodity farming system presents more advantages to a mono-cropping system. But the commodity-integration must fit into the particular farmer's capability, resources and need as well as the social, economic and environmental factors around him.
Rice fish integrated farming
A rice-fish system is an integrated rice field or rice field/pond complex, where fish are grown concurrently or alternately with rice. Fish may be deliberately stocked (fish culture), or may enter fields naturally from surrounding water ways when flooding occurs (rice field fisheries), or a bit of both. Fish yields can range widely from of 1.5 to 174 kg/ha/season depending on the type of rice fish system, the species present, and the management employed.
Rice fish integrated farming
Rice and fish have long been integral to life in Bangladesh. Integrated rice-fish farming provides a solution to meeting the country's growing demand for food by producing both crops concurrently or sequentially on the same land. This increases total production, provides protein through fish consumption, and maintains soil fertility and ecological balance. Common techniques for rice-fish farming in Bangladesh include concurrent culture during the wet season or alternate culture with fish production after rice harvest when water levels are higher. Several small fish species that can survive in shallow water are well-suited to rice-fish systems.
India Diversified-INTEGRATED FARMING adaptation strategy for small and margin...
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The document summarizes an integrated farming adaptation strategy for small farmers in the Sundarbans coastal region of India. The strategy involves diversifying crops and livestock, constructing water management structures like ponds and canals, and closely integrating different subsystems like aquaculture, orchards, and cattle to make the farms more resilient to environmental stresses. Case studies show this approach has helped extend growing seasons, increase incomes, recycle nutrients, and reduce farmers' dependence on single crops or external inputs. However, watershed-level interventions and government support are also needed to address challenges like salinity intrusion and protect indigenous species.INTEGRATED FISH FARMING & MANAGEMENT
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
The integration of fish and ducks farming
The document discusses the integration of fish and duck farming. Ducks are raised on the surface of fish ponds. Their droppings fertilize the pond and help release nutrients. Ducks also control weeds, aerate the water, and consume food waste. This integrated system has advantages like increased fish production and yields. Optimal stocking densities are 200-300 ducks and 20,000 fish per hectare of pond area. The system can produce 450-500 kg of fish, 3000-3300 duck eggs, and 30-35 kg of duck meat annually from one hectare.
Aquaculture of catfish ppt.pptx
This document discusses catfish farming methods and factors for consideration. It describes the most common pond culture method, where catfish farms can range from 60 to 640 acres depending on available resources. Careful planning and design of ponds, water sources, and water quality are essential. Water quality must be monitored and maintained for factors like pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The costs of catfish farming include construction of ponds and obtaining a water source like wells. Overall it provides an overview of catfish farming techniques and important factors for success.
Recent enovations in fodder production...muneendra kumar
The document discusses various challenges related to feed and fodder availability for dairy animals in India. It notes that feed accounts for 60-65% of dairy production costs. Factors like decreasing land availability and increasing costs are exacerbating feed and fodder shortages. The document then presents several alternatives for addressing these shortages, including the production of silage, hay, hydroponic fodder, complete feed blocks, intercropping, and fodder trees. It provides details on the production processes and benefits of each of these alternatives for providing sustainable sources of feed during periods of scarcity.
Prawn culture
Prawn cultureBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna , Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn, is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region, from India to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.Similar to Intergrated paddy cum-fish culture (20)
Integrated Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture 19.2.2022 PDF.pptx
Integrated Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture 19.2.2022 PDF.pptx
Unit_III_Aquaculture_Systems_methods_and_types.ppt
Unit_III_Aquaculture_Systems_methods_and_types.ppt
15. inegrated farm enterprises (integration of enterprises) A Series of Train...
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Goat cum Fish Farming - Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh
Goat cum Fish Farming - Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh
India Diversified-INTEGRATED FARMING adaptation strategy for small and margin...
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Recent enovations in fodder production...muneendra kumar
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Pond management
The document discusses pond construction, management, and fish stocking practices. It states that proper pond construction and watershed management are important for good fishing. It also discusses liming and fertilizing ponds to increase nutrients, selecting appropriate fish species, and keeping records of harvests. Stocking densities of 5-6 million spawn per hectare are recommended, with higher densities for cement cisterns. Feeding schedules after stocking and harvesting practices at 15 days are also outlined.
Induced breeding of indian major carps
The document discusses carp broodstock raising and induced breeding techniques. It describes stocking broodfish in ponds at densities of 1,000-3,000 kg/ha depending on species. Sex is identified based on morphological characteristics. Brooders are injected intramuscularly with pituitary extract at 0.2 ml/kg body weight. Injected pairs are released in breeding hapas and spawn 6 hours later. Fertilization rate is estimated as the percentage of fertilized eggs out of the total eggs.
Immunity ppt
The document discusses various topics related to human immunity, including:
1. It describes the two main types of immunity - innate (nonspecific) immunity which acts as the first line of defense, and acquired (specific) immunity which is adaptive and involves lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells.
2. Within acquired immunity, it distinguishes between natural active immunity gained from infection and artificial active immunity gained from vaccines.
3. The two main branches of acquired immunity are humoral immunity involving antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity involving T cells that recognize antigens on cell surfaces.
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Freshwater prawn-hatchery-and-nursery-production
This document summarizes freshwater prawn hatchery and nursery production. It describes the life cycle and biology of freshwater prawns, which are suitable for aquaculture due to their freshwater tolerance. Hatchery production involves broodstock holding, larval rearing, and nursery of post-larvae. Larval rearing requires precise water quality and live feeds. Nursery improves survival by growing post-larvae to a larger size for pond stocking. Recirculating systems are needed for temperature control in temperate regions. Proper feeding and stocking density are critical for maximizing nursery survival rates. Prawns are stocked into growout ponds in summer when water temperatures
Fresh water prown hatchry
The document provides information on freshwater prawn production, including its native range, life cycle, and farming practices. It discusses that freshwater prawns can be farmed inland away from the coast, requiring saltwater only for reproduction. The summary is:
Freshwater prawns have potential for inland aquaculture as they only require saltwater during reproduction. Their life cycle involves larvae that need brackish water for 30 days before being placed in nurseries and growout ponds. Farming practices include hatcheries to produce larvae, nurseries to grow juveniles, and pond culture where stocking densities depend on desired harvest size.
Fishing methods
Fishing provides important economic and nutritional benefits. There are many fishing methods that depend on the type of fish and environment. Methods include fishing by hand in streams, as well as using various gear like hooks, nets, traps, and electric currents from boats. Key gear includes long lines, gill nets, purse seines, and trawls, with mesh and net size tailored to the target species. Fishing supports many communities and employs a large portion of the population.
Culture of air breathing fishes
This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
Composite fish culture
This document provides information on composite fish culture, which involves stocking cultivable fish species with different feeding habits in the same pond. It discusses the fish species used, including Indian major carps and exotic carps. Technical parameters for the project are outlined, including pond selection and management practices before and after stocking like removing weeds, liming, and fertilization. Stocking ratios for different species combinations are provided, along with feeding practices and harvesting after one year when fish reach 800g-1.25kg on average. Vertical expansion techniques like multiple stocking and harvesting are also mentioned to increase production to 7-10 tons/ha/year.
Pond Construction Management And Preparation
The document provides information on pond construction and preparation for fish farming. It discusses factors to consider for pond location and design such as soil type, water availability, and dimensions. It also outlines best practices for pond preparation including liming, fertilization, and stocking fish species. Water quality parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, and nutrients are monitored during the growth period and harvesting occurs once fish reach the desired size. Record keeping of production data is also emphasized.
Induced breeding of indian major carps
The document discusses techniques for broodstock raising and induced breeding of carp species. It details broodfish care including stocking density, feeding, and separation by sex. Methods are provided for identifying the sex of brooders and administering hormone injections. The breeding process involves forming pairs, releasing them into hapas, and collecting eggs after spawning. Factors to consider for stocking density and economics of fish culture are also summarized.
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThe use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
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https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Intergrated paddy cum-fish culture
- 1. BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR CENTRAL UNIVERSITY BIDYA BIHAR LUCKNOW PRESETED BY- ROHIT KUMAR
- 2. INTRODUCTION Economical utilization of land, Little extra labour is required, Saving on labour cost towards weeding and supplemental feeding, Enhanced rice yield by 5-15%, Production of fish from paddy field, Fish control of unwanted filamentous algae which other wise compete for the nuteints, Rice field may also serve as fish nurseries to grow fry into fingerlings.
- 3. Types- Perennial system of paddy-fish farming, synchronous refuge pond system of paddy-fish farming, Enclosure system of paddy-fish farming,
- 4. 1-Perennial system of paddy-fish farming Conversion of very low-lying unproductive land into productive units through proper land shaping and introduction of a fish crop, Raising of fish crop up to table size, All the species of carp used in composite fish culture excluding the herbivores like grass carp,java puthi,etc can be reared in this system, Water of the trench/pond can be used as a souce of irrigation during dry months . Merits ;
- 5. Site selection Low-lying fields with high rainfall and poor drainage can be brought under this system. Area- Minimum ; 0.27ha. Maximum ; No limit. Topography: Paddy field having almost uniform topography is preferred.
- 6. Soil characteristicss: Water retention capacity; Among the physical properteis of the soil, pH and productivity of the soil are very important, A selected site’s soil in its every 100 gm should contain 50- 75mg nitrogen, For good production from cultured fish soil pH should be in between 7.5-8.5 .