Dams, weirs, barrages, and check dams are common hydraulic structures used to store or divert water. Dams are constructed across rivers to impound water and form reservoirs. The main types of dams include gravity dams, earth dams, rockfill dams, arch dams, and buttress dams. Weirs are barriers that alter river flows and can be used to divert water into canals. Barrages are low-head dams that consist of gates to control water levels for irrigation. Check dams are small temporary or permanent dams built across drainage ditches to settle sediments, pollutants, and recharge groundwater.

1. Topic Name : Types of Hydraulics Structures
Presented By :
Kamil Peerzada (150120119148)
Gandhinagar Institute
Of Technology

2. Introduction
 A dam is a hydralic structure constructed
across a river or a natural stream to
store water on its up stream side.
 It is an imprevious or fairly impervious
barrier put across a river or a natural
stream to create a reservoir for
impounding water.
 Also to diverse a water from river, or to
retain debris flowing in the river
alongwith water.

3. Types of Dams
 Gravity dam--------Storage dam
 Earth dam----------Storage dam
 Rockfill dam-------Storage dam
 Weir dam---------- Diversion dam
 Barrage------------ Diversion dam
 Arch dam---------- Storage dam
 Buttress dam-------Storage dam

4. Gravity Dam
 A gravity dam is solid masonary or concrete structure
with its cross section approximately triangular in hape.
 It's required little maintance and is most commonly used.
 constructed either of masonary or concrete.
 Al the forces of dam including its self weight are
transmitted to the foundation.
 Either straight or curved in plan.
 Various forces acting on gravity dam are water pressure,
weight of dam, uplifft pressure, earthquake forces, silt
pressure, wave pressure, ice pressure and wind
pressure.
 The hightest dams in the world are of gravity type.

5. .
Gravity dam

6. Rockfill Dam
 A rockfill dam is an embankment which
uses variable sizes of quarried
stones(rocks) to provide stabililty.
 An impervious membrance to provide
water tightness.
 With the help of transportation
equipments, it is possible to build fairly
high rock-fill dams.

7. .
Rockfill Dam

8. Arch Dam
 A dam which is constructed in the form of an
arch supported on abutments is called the
arch dam.
 It's having a curved shape plan.
 So it can stored more amount of water.
 It's having water pressure horizontally to the
abutments by arch action.
 And water pressure is transferred to the
foundation by cantilever action.
 The arch dam may be constructed in
masonary or concrete.

9. .
Arch Dam

10. Buttress Dam
 A butrress dam consists of a number of buttresses
or piers dividing the space to be dammed into a
number of spans.
 To stored the water between these buttresses,
panels are constructed of horizontal arches or flat
slabs.
 when the panels consit of arches,it is considered
as multiple type of buttress dam.
 If the panels consist of flat slab, it is known as deck
type buttress dam.
 The inclination of the deck slab is 30° -45°.
 Road can be constructed on the top of the dam.

11. .
Buttress Dam

12. Weirs
 A weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter its flow
characteristics.
 A weir is a solid obstruction.
 Weir is placed in river to raise the water level and divert the
water into the canal.
 Weirs help to pool the water behind, while allowing water to
flow steadily over their tops.
 If a weir stores water for tiding over small periods of short
supplies, it is called a storage weir.
 The main defference between a storage weir and a dam is
only hieght and duration for which the supply is stored.
 Durring floods the shutters maybe dropped down to allow
water to flow over the crest of the weir.
 It allter the flow of rivers to prevent flooding, measure
discharge, and help render rivers navigable.

13. .
Weirs

14. .
Weirs are classified further in two
parts,depend on the design of their
floor.
(1) Gravity weirs
(2) Non-gravity weirs

15. Barrage
 A bareage is a type of low-head, diversion
dam which consists of a number of large
gates that can be opened or closed to control
the amount of water..
 It is useful for irrigation and other system.
 A barrage is built for diverting water, and raise
the water level only a few feet.

16. .
 It is build on flat terrain across wide, often
meandering rivers.
 Barrage crest is kept at low level and the rising up
of water level by gates.
 During the fluids, the gates are raised to clear off
the high flood level, enabling the high flood to
pass down stream with minimum afflux.
 In this way floods are control in the river.

17. Check Dam
 A check dam is a small dam, which can be
either temporary or permanent, built across a
minor channel, or drainage ditch.
 In this dam sediments and pollutants are
settle down.
 It is build with logs, stones or sandhogs.

18. .
 It is also construcred with rockfill or
wooden boards.
 Excess water is passed over the dam.
 The impounded water slowly infiltrates
into the soil and recharges the ground
water aquifer.

19. .