The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Myanmar. It provides background on IWRM concepts and principles, and how they are being applied in Myanmar through efforts such as establishing river basin organizations, reforming water sector policies and laws, and integrating water management across levels and sectors to achieve sustainability, equity, and efficiency. Lessons from applying IWRM in other countries emphasize that the approach must be adapted to each local context and priorities, and involve stakeholders at all levels through participatory processes.
Presentation by Dr. Adrian Cashman of the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES) at the 5th High Level Session Ministerial Forum of the Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C).
Presentation by Dr. Adrian Cashman of the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES) at the 5th High Level Session Ministerial Forum of the Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C).
A Meta Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Managementijtsrd
"Water is one of the most important resources available on this earth that has an influence on human activities. All important aspects such as agriculture, industry, day to day life is dependent on water. It is the most important factor for survival of life on this earth. As such it becomes imperative that we find out what is the status of various studies that have been conducted on various aspects of water management.The present paper is an attempt to summarise various aspects of issues involved with use and consumption of water and studies involved therein. It focuses on theoretical concepts like definition of water management, compounding of water as well as actual practices of water management in various parts of the world. Prof Anuradha Gaikwad | Dr S. D. Kadam ""A Meta-Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23081.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23081/a-meta-analysis-on-review-of-studies-on-water-management/prof-anuradha-gaikwad"
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A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
Rapid degradation of peri-urban ecosystems is resulting in a loss of associated ecosystem services. Water provision, storm-and waste-water regulation, along with protection from natural disasters and erosion, are the impacted services that most acutely affect poor or vulnerable populations. The poor may be disproportionately impacted by loss of ecosystem services due to lack of political power around land use decision making and limited alternatives for livelihoods, housing, or basic services. Vulnerability extends to urban populations that depend on the ecosystem services provided by or flowing through peri-urban areas. Often, the loss of ecosystems is irreversible and the replacement of associated services is costly, if even possible.
Presented by Sanjiv de Silva at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Based on World Resources Report, "Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers" (http://www.wri.org/publication/ecosystem-services-a-guide-for-decision-makers)
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ICT Mediated Community Water Management & Decision MakingRajat Kumar
Community based water resource management is a valuable tool that strives to sustain and improve environmental health through a natural resource management approach that integrates locally driven initiatives. It seeks to bring together stakeholders to identify issues, needs & strategies; integrate social, economic & ecological concerns towards generating comprehensive solutions. The increasing penetration of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents a great potential for communities to connect with government officials, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders that would have; under normal circumstances; been inaccessible for them. What is important is that this ease of sharing information through ICTs should also decrease the time taken for members in a community to acquire equal knowledge about the issue at hand and to encourage faster collaboration & quicker and more informed decision making about these community water resources.
This paper seeks to examine this claim by examining literature and feedback from the “Neerjaal” portal, developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation in association with Social Work Resource Centre and the Barefoot College, in Rajasthan.
Presented by IWMI's Peter McCornick at the World Water Day dialogue titled “Water, jobs and prosperity in Sri Lanka: Partnerships for sustainability”, held in IWMI Headquarters in Colombo Sri Lanka, on March 23, 2016.
A Meta Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Managementijtsrd
"Water is one of the most important resources available on this earth that has an influence on human activities. All important aspects such as agriculture, industry, day to day life is dependent on water. It is the most important factor for survival of life on this earth. As such it becomes imperative that we find out what is the status of various studies that have been conducted on various aspects of water management.The present paper is an attempt to summarise various aspects of issues involved with use and consumption of water and studies involved therein. It focuses on theoretical concepts like definition of water management, compounding of water as well as actual practices of water management in various parts of the world. Prof Anuradha Gaikwad | Dr S. D. Kadam ""A Meta-Analysis on Review of Studies on Water Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23081.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23081/a-meta-analysis-on-review-of-studies-on-water-management/prof-anuradha-gaikwad"
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
Presentation at the European River Restoration Conference in Vienna on 27 October 2014: "From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development", by GWP Executive Secretary Dr. Ania Grobicki.
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
Rapid degradation of peri-urban ecosystems is resulting in a loss of associated ecosystem services. Water provision, storm-and waste-water regulation, along with protection from natural disasters and erosion, are the impacted services that most acutely affect poor or vulnerable populations. The poor may be disproportionately impacted by loss of ecosystem services due to lack of political power around land use decision making and limited alternatives for livelihoods, housing, or basic services. Vulnerability extends to urban populations that depend on the ecosystem services provided by or flowing through peri-urban areas. Often, the loss of ecosystems is irreversible and the replacement of associated services is costly, if even possible.
Presented by Sanjiv de Silva at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module1_#1, Principles of IWRM and IRBM: Challenges for the Himal...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Based on World Resources Report, "Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers" (http://www.wri.org/publication/ecosystem-services-a-guide-for-decision-makers)
Presented by IWMI's David Wiberg (Theme Leader – Water Futures) to a group of European Union (EU) delegations in Asia at a discussion on 'Using research on agriculture climate and water to support sustainable food systems', held at IWMI Headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on June 8, 2016.
ICT Mediated Community Water Management & Decision MakingRajat Kumar
Community based water resource management is a valuable tool that strives to sustain and improve environmental health through a natural resource management approach that integrates locally driven initiatives. It seeks to bring together stakeholders to identify issues, needs & strategies; integrate social, economic & ecological concerns towards generating comprehensive solutions. The increasing penetration of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents a great potential for communities to connect with government officials, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders that would have; under normal circumstances; been inaccessible for them. What is important is that this ease of sharing information through ICTs should also decrease the time taken for members in a community to acquire equal knowledge about the issue at hand and to encourage faster collaboration & quicker and more informed decision making about these community water resources.
This paper seeks to examine this claim by examining literature and feedback from the “Neerjaal” portal, developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation in association with Social Work Resource Centre and the Barefoot College, in Rajasthan.
Presented by IWMI's Peter McCornick at the World Water Day dialogue titled “Water, jobs and prosperity in Sri Lanka: Partnerships for sustainability”, held in IWMI Headquarters in Colombo Sri Lanka, on March 23, 2016.
Please Read and then contact me mapesanestory@yahoo.com/ kabaganga@gmail.com/ mapesanestory@outlook.com or +255752997756/+255684248202 For more readings
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module1_#5, Experiences of IWRM implementation from Australia, An...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#7, Basin planning experience from Australia, Andrew Joh...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
The HELP Davao Network is committed to engaging a full spectrum of water stakeholders to work collectively for management of water for all. Formed in 2004, our efforts have focused on ensuring decision key stakeholders have had access to sound science that can better inform complex decisions and hard choices in relation to the management and wise use of water.
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• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
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Ecocivilisation Year of Water 2023
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Series of webinars are being schedules. Through the lens of cross-pollination!
HELP High-level Expert and Leaders Panelhttps://www.wateranddisaster.org/
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The HELP included 21 experts in disaster preparedness and response and international issues, and was co-moderated by the World Water Council, the UN Secretariat for the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), the Japan Water Forum and the Korea Water Forum. More … https://www.wateranddisaster.org/who-we-are/
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HELP promotes actions to raise awareness, ensure coordination and collaboration, establish common goals and targets, monitor progress, and take effective measures aimed at addressing the issues of water and disasters.
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Iwrm in myanmar by prof ni 20aug2015
1. IWRM in Myanmar
Prof. Dr. Khin Ni Ni Thein
Visiting Professor, Civil Engineering Department, YTU
~~~
Secretary of Advisory Group,
National Water Resources Committee
~~~
Steering Committee Member, Global Water Partnership
2. Local, Regional, National, Fluvial, Global
Ancient
1200 AD
1900
1900s
Future
Communities
Basic management
of water quantity
Sectoral management of water quantity &
quality; institutional fragmentation;
spatial fragmentation, local co-ordination
Integrated multi-functional use
River Basin as Unit; Institutionalized
Cooperation
Multi-level Comprehensive Governance
Reforms in Myanmar – including Water Reform2011 ---- 2015
3. Basis of IWRM – from GWP Tool Box
and what we are doing in Myanmar
• The basis of IWRM is that different uses of water are
interdependent
• Integrated management means that all the different
uses of water resources are considered together
• If we were to summarize the numerous efforts of the
National Water Resources Committee and its Advisory
Group in only one word, it can be said as “Integration”,
i.e. integration of many isolated water resources
managements in Myanmar to become IWRM – means to
achieve Sustainable Development in Myanmar.
5. Driving forces on water resources
• Population growth: demands for more water and producing more waste
water and pollution
• Urbanization: migration from rural to urban areas which increases the
current level of difficulty in water delivery and waste water treatment
• Economic growth: mainly in developing countries with large populations
contributes to increased demand for economic activities
• Globalization of trade: production is relocated to “labor-cheap” areas that
takes place without consideration for water resources
• In Myanmar, especially in YTU, our postgraduate level water
engineering courses include IWRM and Water Footprint. . .& Climate
Change
• Climate variability: more intense floods and droughts increase vulnerability
of people
• Climate change: increase uncertainty about water cycle regimes
6. IWRM concept is
• an empirical concept which is built up from the on-the-ground experience of
practitioners,
• a flexible approach to water management that can adapt to diverse national
and local contexts,
• thus
• it is not a scientific theory that needs to be proved or disproved by scholars.
• and (but)
• it requires policy-makers to make judgments about which set of suggestions,
reform measures, management tools and institutional arrangements are
most appropriate in a particular cultural, social, political, economic and
environmental context.
In Myanmar – IWRM has been introduced theoretically since 2003.
But gaining Political Will only in 2011.
7. President H.E. U Thein Sein’s quotation
for National Water Policy Book, 3rd
Edition, Aug 2015
“The smooth transition to democracy is the government’s first priority among
its reforms. The second priority is far-reaching reforms in politics,
administration, economy and further encouragement to the private sector. The
success of these reforms relies on good water governance and implementation
of the Integrated Water Resources Management. The National Water Policy is
the first step in making water reform happens in Myanmar. It will eventually
lead to sustainable economic development without taxing the environmental
sustainability while ensuring people's participation as genuine social
inclusiveness.”
8. IWRM definition
IWRM is a process which promotes the
coordinated development and
management of water, land and related
resources, in order to maximize the
resultant economic and social welfare
in an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems.
GWP, TEC Background Paper No. 4:
Integrated Water Resources
Management
9. Water is a natural Legacy, we received from
our ancestors. We must also leave behind us
natural Legacy to our future generations,
clean and potable water guarded by National
Water Policies and Lawful practices.
U Ohn Myint, Chairperson of Advisory Group (AG)
Former Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI)
10. IWRM:
What does it really mean?
• More coordinated development and management of:
– Land and water
– Surface water and ground water
– Upstream and downstream interests
Discussion questions in Myanmar under current floods
Who should propose measures to protect against floods?
Who should bear a cost to implement measures to mitigate
floods?
11. Key water resources management functions
• Water allocation
• Pollution control
• Monitoring
• Financial management
• Flood and drought management
• Information management
• Basin planning
• Stakeholder participation
IWRM
12. Three pillars of IWRM
• Implementing IWRM process is a question of getting the “three
pillars” right:
1. Moving towards enabling environment of appropriate policies, strategies and
legislation
2. Putting in place the institutional framework (through which policies can be
implemented)
3. Setting up the management instruments required by these institutions to do
their job
13. Areas of Change
A. Enabling environment
A1. Policies
A2. Legislation
A3. Financing & incentive structures
B. Institutional roles
B1. Creating an organization frameworks
B2. Institutional capacity building
C. Management instruments
C1. Water resources assessment
C2. Plans for IWRM
C3. Demand management
C4. Social change instrument
C5. Conflict resolution
C6. Regulatory instruments
C7. Economic instruments
C8. Information management
15. Managing competing uses
Water for
people
Water for
food
Water for
nature
Water for
other
uses
Cross-sectoral integration
• Enabling
environment
• Institutions
• Management
instruments
Myanmar: Thematic Working Groups 1 to 6, which include
Climate Change Mititation and Adaptation
16. Integrating across levels and sectors
National
Basin
Local
Fisheries
Environ
ment
Tourism Industry
Finance
Agriculture
Energy
Water
17. IWRM PRINCIPLES
• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain
life, development and the environment.
• Water development and management should be based on a
participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers
at all levels.
• Women play a central part in the provision, management and safe-
guarding of water.
• Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should
be recognized as an economic good as well as social good.
Dublin, 1992
18. IWRM Principles
• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain
life, development and the environment.
20. IWRM Principles
• Water development and management should be based on a
participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers
at all levels.
21. Difficult to ensure “active involvement”
50 decision
200 work
2 000 participation
200 000 information
2 500 000population
How
to
make it?
22. Pitfalls in putting IWRM into practice
Trying to establish management relations between too many
variables risks getting mired in complexity at the expense of
effectiveness.
When putting IWRM into
practice it’s important to
think strategically about
where and to what degree
coordination and new
management instruments
are necessary.
23. IWRM Principles
• Women play a central part
in the provision,
management and safe-
guarding of water
25. IWRM Principles
• Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be
recognized as an economic good as well as social good
– Water is becoming scarcer and its value rising
– Recognition that costs should be borne by those who benefit
Source: The Economist
26. Putting Principle into Practice:
Multi-stakeholders platforms
Creating the Culture of River Basin Organisations in Myanmar
River Basin Organizations are
needed to be established
In order to enable the active
participation of all peoples of
Myanmar in the implementation
process of Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM).
U Htun Lwin Oo,
Secretary of the National Water
Resources Commiittee (NWRC)
27. …in order to understand better “integrated” approach…
• Traditional approach
– One sector
– Limited institutions involved
– Decision making at one sector
– Specific issues addressed
– Specific interests solved
– Sectoral allocation of funds
• Integrated approach
– Multi sectors
– Various institutions involved
– “collective” decision making
– Complex issues addressed
– Overriding interests solved
– National allocation of funds
28. In order to understand better “integrated” approach
Traditional approach:
• Hydrological/hydraulic
– What is expected yield of the
catchment?
• Engineering
– How much water leaks from
the system?
– How can leakage be reduced?
• Management
– What is the economic level of
leakage?
Integrated approach:
• How will new investment be agreed
upon?
• How can local management
structures balance competing
uses?
• How will stakeholders negotiate
water rights in different conditions
of water availability (scarcity)?
• How will consumers respond to
periodic water shortages or to
increasing environmental
concerns?
30. IWRM is not a fixed prescription but an iterative process.
This means that the specific form
IWRM takes will vary from country to
country and from region to region.
It also means that IWRM is an
inherently adaptive approach
– one that can accommodate
emerging challenges,
constraints and changing
social priorities.
31. What tools from the IWRM are appropriate in our
context of Democratising Myanmar and its Water
Sector: context-specific.
Tools such as water pricing and
river basin organisations have
come to be seen as pillars of
IWRM, they are needed and
appropriate in every situation
and many of the successful
examples of IWRM in practice do
not include either.
32. The nature of IWRM: Lessons from IWRM in practice
How water is developed and managed must reflect country
priorities (including environmental standards) and governance
approaches.
Water management will not
be successful if it is set up as
a stand-alone system of
governance and
administration, separate to
the rest of government.
33. The nature of IWRM: Lessons from IWRM in practice
: the infrastructure
ect from droughts
ventions needed
d the ecosystems
sers and uses.
34. IWRM is linked to
key development issues in Myanmar (also elsewhere)
Key development issue How IWRM helps Example
Securing food production Assists the efficient production of
food crops in irrigated
agriculture
FAO round table (2003, Rome)
agreed that all African
countries should improve
efficiency in irrigated
agriculture for food production
by adopting IWRM approach
Reducing health risks Better management of water
quality
UNECE Protocol on Water and
Health (2007) requires to set
health targets. Progress
towards IWRM has been
chosen as an indicator for
improved water management
Freshwater and coastal water IWRM recognizes freshwater and
coastal zone as a continuum
Integrated Coastal Area and River
Basin Management (ICARM)
is endorsed by GWP as a basic
concept for the GEF projects
portfolio
35. Critical elements for successful IWRM
approach
• Political will (at highest possible level)
• Knowledge (not science alone, but through multi-sector sources
of information and expertise)
• Institutional arrangements (start with existing institutions, but
(re)-define mandates clearly)
• Community involvement (it takes time to put it in place and it is
a long-term, investment)
• Economic prosperity (difficult to manage without financial
support; it is not only direct project funding; it is about
mobilization of whole range of economic and financial
incentives)
36. Lessons from IWRM in practice
IWRM is a means not an end. None of the successful case studies
analysed set out to achieve IWRM. Rather they set out to solve
particular water-related problems or achieve development goals by
looking at water holistically within larger physical and development
contexts.
IWRM
Equity
Sustainability
Efficiency
Myanmar Water Framework Directive (NWRC)
National Water Policy (NWRC)
IWRM Strategic Study (NL Gov. support)(NWRC)
Water Law drafting process (WB support)(NWRC)
Editor's Notes
[1 click - “and scales.” + pyramid on your click]
Scales aspect of IWRM is often forgotten. But it is necessary in order to:
Put into practice the 2nd Dublin Principle: Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy-makers at all levels.
Achieve more efficient use of limited water resources
Ensure decision-making is taking place at the lowest appropriate level. And that decisions made at local and river-basin levels are in-line with, or at least do not conflict with, the achievement of broader national objectives, and in turn, that national objectives reflect local needs.
In some countries means more decentralized decision-making. E.g. In Thailand, where IWRM approach used to improve the responsiveness of water management to local conditions and to resolve conflicts that had arisen during phase of centralized water management.
In others, means bumping some types of decisions up to the river basin or national level – for example decisions on water allocation frameworks.