This document summarizes the integrated management of fruit flies in Uganda. It finds that (1) over 100 fruit fly species exist across 11 genera in Uganda, posing threats to the fruit industry that employs over 80% of the rural population; (2) Bactrocera invadens and B. dorsalis are the most economically important species, infesting over 50 fruits across 16 plant families; and (3) initiatives by groups like CRI, MSI, and ATAAS utilize techniques like BAT, MAT, and orchard sanitation to manage fruit fly populations on farms. Overall recommendations include developing standardized national management guidelines, a coordinated national plan, a knowledge hub on fruit fly ecology, and a communication strategy to synerg
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Integrated Management of Fruit Flies in Uganda
1. Integrated Management of of Fruit Flies
(Diptera: Tephritidae): Case Studies from
Uganda
B. E. Isabirye, A. Mayamba, E. Zziwa, A. M. Akol, C.K. Nankinga, I. Rwomushana
2. Background…
Agriculture…Global and Uganda
Employs 45% of the working
global population and over 80%
in most parts of Africa and Asia!
Uganda
•Export: 90%
•Employment: 80%
•People living in rural areas : 85%
•Source of raw materials…….
2
7. This Review….
Milestones and Achievements
.
7
• Status of Knowledge
• Diversity and Distribution
• Host utilization
• Farm level Management
• Citrus Research International (CRI)
• Millennium Science Initiative-MSI
• Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness
Advisory Services- ATAAS
• Future plans and Way forward
8. Status of Knowledge:
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN UGANDA
8
3 3
2 2
26
1 1
44
1
2
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Species= 102
Genera=11
14. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
14
Citrus Research International, 2010
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
LIRA
APAC
GU LU
OY AM
AM U RU
SOROT I
PAD ER
AG AGO
D OKOLO
AM OLOT AR
KABERAM AID O
LAM W O
KI RY AN D ONG O
NW OYA
KI T G U M
AM U RIA
KAT AKW I
NAKASON GOLA
KU M I
KAM U LI
90 0 90 180 Kilometers
N
N
La
D
%[ M
%[ M
KEY
Management of B.dorsalis
• MAT
• BAT…Mazoferm
• Orchard Sanitation
• Farmer Practice (Conventional
Chemicals: Ridomil, Malathion, etc…)
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16. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
16
CRI Initiative, 2010
Figure : Effect of treatment (BAT+MAT+OS) on citrus fruit fly infestation
in eastern Uganda (NARL Annual Report 2011) .
Figure : Effect of different treatments on the diversity of fruit flies in
citrus orchards in Eastern Uganda (NARL Annual Report 2011).
a
b
17. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
17
Millennium Science Initiative-2010-2013
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
LIRA
APAC
GU LU
OY AM
AM U RU
SOROT I
PAD ER
AG AGO
D OKOLO
AM OLOT AR
KABERAM AID O
LAM W O
KI RYAN D ONG O
NW OYA
KI T G U M
AM U RIA
KAT AKW I
NAKASON GOLA
KU M I
KAM U LI
90 0 90 180 Kilometers
N
Northern Moist Farmlands
Lakes
District Boundary
%[ Major Sites Sampled
%[ Minor Sites Sampled
KEY
%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUHURA
KABALE
KYENJOJO
KAMWENG E
MBARARA
NTUNGAMO
KABAROLE
ISINGIRO
RUBIRIZI
RUKUNGIRI
IBANDA
KIBINGO
KISORO
BUSHENYI
NSIIKA
BUNDIBUGYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 Kilometers
ds
%[
%[%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
WAKIS O
MUKO NO
LU WE ER O
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
JINJA
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
MP IGI
BUDAKA
MBALE
BUTALE JA
KIYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
KAM PALA
70 0 70 140 Kilometers
N
Lake Victoria Crescent and
Mbale farmlands
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
Management of
B.dorsalis
• MAT
• BAT…Mazoferm
• Orchard Sanitation
18. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
18
Millennium Science Initiative-2010-2013
Figure : Effect of three main treatments on abundance of fruit fly pests in fruit agro ecological zones in Uganda (MSI, 2013)
* Counts are Mean Monthly counts
19. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
19
ATAAS-2013-Todate
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
BUDAKA
MBAL E
BUT AL E JA
IYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
70 140 Kilometers
Lake Victoria Crescent a nd
Mbale farmla nds
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Site s
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
Eastern
%[
%[%[
%[%[
%[
WA K IS O
LU WE ER O
MP IGI
K AM PA L A
N
Central%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUH UR A
KABALE
KYEN JOJO
KAMWENG E
MB ARAR A
NTUN GAMO
KABAR OLE
ISIN GIRO
RUB IR IZI
RUK UN GIRI
IB AN DA
KIBINGO
KISOR O
BUSH EN YI
NSIIKA
BUN DIBU GYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 0 100 Kilometers
N
Lakes
Western Medium-High Farmlands
District Boundary
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
KEY
Western
Bagging mango fruit 55-60 days from
flower bloom or when the fruits are
about the size of a chicken egg.
20. FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT: IPM Initiatives
20
ATAAS-2013-Todate
%[%[
%[%[
%[
KASESE
KIRUHURA
KABALE
KYENJOJO
KAMWENGE
MBARARA
NTUNGAMO
KABAROLE
ISINGIRO
RUBIRIZI
RUKUNGIRI
IBANDA
KIBINGO
KISORO
BUSHENYI
NSIIKA
BUNDIBUGYO
MITOOMA
KIBAALE
100 0 100 Kilometers
N
Lakes
Western Medium-High Farmlands
District Boundary
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
KEY
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
MUKO NO
MAYUG E
BUG IRI
IGANG A
TO RO RO
JINJA
BUSI A
NAM AYING O
BUDAKA
MBALE
BUTALE JA
KIYU NG A
MANAFW A
BUKE DEA
0 70 140 Kilometers
Lake Victoria Crescent and
Mbale farmlands
Lakes
%[ Major Sampled Sites
%[ Minor Sampled Sites
District Boundary
KEY
%[
%[%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
BUIKW E
KAM ULI
WAKIS O
MUKO NO
LU WE ER O
JINJA
MP IGI
KAM PALA
70 0
N
Eastern CentralWestern
21. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• A validated provisional package for FF management is in place, can
be upscaled
• Standard guidelines for site-specific implementation of the
different control packages/ approaches needed
• Coordinated national management plan for fruit flies in the
country.
• An effective knowledge hub on aspects of the ecology/ biology
and options for management of fruit flies in the country.
• Development of a national communication strategy that could
identify possible synergies amongst participants
21