Authors: Heather Jacobs, Francesco Tubiello, Rocío Cóndor FAO -- Climate, Energy and Tenure Division Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on NAMAs Vientiane, Laos 22-25 April, 2014 1. Agriculture is an important socio-economic sector 2. Agriculture is an important GHG emitter 3. Synergies between Mitigation, Adaptation and Food Security: An opportunity for agriculture NAMAs

1. NAMAs
and
Agriculture
Heather Jacobs
Francesco Tubiello
Rocío Cóndor
FAO -- Climate, Energy and Tenure Division
Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on NAMAs
Vientiane, Laos
22-25 April, 2014

2. 1. Agriculture is an important socio-economic
sector
• GDP: The agricultural sector constitutes a substantial portion of GDP in
many developing countries, contributing significantly to export earnings
and employment
• Average percent share of agriculture in GDP (World Bank, 2013):
– Africa 23%
– Asia 22%
– Latin America 10%
– High-income developed countries 3-4%
• Agriculture provides jobs for about two-thirds of these populations --
economic health is linked to the prosperity of farming communities
• NAMAs can assist countries in maintaining and enhancing agricultural
productivity.

3. Agriculture GDP share, Asia-Pacific
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Source: World Bank, 2010

4. 2. Agriculture is an important GHG emitter
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Emissions by Sources and Removals by
Sinks, 1990 – 2011 Analysis, FAO
http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3671e/i3671e.pdf

5.
Why is AFOLU important for NAMAs?
• The share of agriculture emissions to total AFOLU net emissions remained
constant over 1990-2010 -- 62%
• By contrast, the share of agriculture to AFOLU emissions by sources
(excluding FOLU sinks) increased, from 44% in the 1990s to 50% in the
2000s
-3,000
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Agriculture Net Forest
Conversion
Cultivation of
Organic Soils
and Peat Fires
Biomass Fires Forest
MtCO2eq
AFOLU Sources and Sinks, 2001-2010, by sub-sector

6. 3. Synergies between Mitigation, Adaptation and Food
Security: An opportunity for agriculture NAMAs
q Integration of mitigation, adaptation and resilience, including
food security goals, could help further leverage funding, as the
agriculture sector presents a potential opportunity to integrate
NAMAs/NAPs
• Joint adaptation and mitigation options include:
» Measures that reduce soil degradation
» Measures that reduce leaching of N and phosphorus
» Increased diversity of crop rotations
» Agroforestry practice
q Agriculture offers significant opportunity to link adaptation,
resilience, mitigation and food security goals into one coherent
package

7. Current Status of agriculture NAMAs:
Still some way to go
6
46
11
41
103
124
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
UNFCCC NAMA Registry UNEP Risoe NAMA Pipeline
(Submissions of Intent to
UNFCCC)
ECOFYS NAMA Database
Agriculture/Forestry NAMAs All NAMAs

8. FAO Findings:
Barriers to Agriculture NAMAs
• Most barriers are not specific to GHG mitigation -- they also
hinder other agricultural development objectives
• Agriculture has received a small proportion of climate financing
• Data:
Ø Availability is lacking
Ø Uncertainty is high
Ø Public official data not sufficient
Ø Data discrepancies between agencies/ministries and reports
Ø Gaps in disaggregated data
• Obstacles in domestic policies
• Inter-institutional coordination is weak
• Lack of readiness in agricultural sector – and the need to address
farmers’ concerns and equity considerations

9. National GHG Inventories, Baselines, and
MRV
• Improved data collection and sound GHG
emission inventories within robust National data
systems enable development of baselines and
MRV of NAMAs
• To identify emissions hotspots and develop GHG
baselines, adequate data are necessary; Non-
Annex 1 countries may have large gaps

10. Some FAO contributions
§ Preliminary NAMA Analysis
§ NAMA Guidelines for Agriculture
Ø National integrated mitigation planning in agriculture:
A review paper
http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3237e/i3237e.pdf
Ø National planning for GHG mitigation in agriculture:
A guidance document
http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3324e/i3324e.pdf
§ GHG Data and analysis tools linked to National GHG
Inventory Processes, including BURs and baseline
projections

11. Addressing
Data
and
Ins3tu3onal
Gaps
FAOSTAT Emissions database for AFOLU
Released on Apr 14th 2014, contributes to IPCC AR5 WGIII
• Platform containing domains for AFOLU GHG emissions at global,
regional, and national level (identification of hotspots, baselines,
projections)
• Four dimensions of applicability:
1) Global and regional assessments
2) Filling data gaps and building capacity
3) QA/QC of national data
4) Development of indicators
Regional Workshops on Statistics for GHG emissions
• Assist Member countries with agricultural data collection in order to
prepare BURs and NAMAs; provides exchange of experiences
between countries

12. Asia: Enteric Fermentation by Animal Type
Average 2000-2010
Source: FAOSTAT, 2013
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
MtCO2eq

13. Asia – Enteric Fermentation by Animal Type
Average 2000-2010
42%
Dairy
Ca<le
35%
Non-­‐Dairy
Ca<le
16%
Sheep
16%
Buffaloes
10%
Dairy
Ca<le
10%
Goats
51%
Non-­‐Dairy
Ca<le
9%
Sheep
Central Asia
Eastern Asia
39%
Buffaloes
18%
Dairy
Ca<le
7%
Goats
31%
Non-­‐Dairy
Ca<le
4%
Sheep
South Asia
27%
Buffaloes
6%
Dairy
Ca<le
4%
Goats
61%
Non-­‐Dairy
Ca<le
Southeast Asia
3%
Camels
37%
Dairy
Ca<le
7%
Goats
29%
Non-­‐Dairy
Ca<le
21%
Sheep
Western Asia
Source: FAOSTAT, 2013

14. Trends and BASELINE Projections
62%
Enteric
Fermentation
24%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2030
2050
MtCO2eq
Asia: Agriculture by Category, 2000-2050
Burning - crop residues Burning - Savanna Crop Residues
Enteric Fermentation Manure applied to Soils Manure left on Pasture
Manure Management Rice Cultivation Synthetic Fertilizers

15. Capacity Development Activities
• Technical Capacities
- Assess and report GHG emissions from AFOLU activities
(Biennial Update Reports)
- Identify mitigation options, including Nationally appropriate
mitigation actions (NAMAs)
• Functional Capacities
- Access, generate, manage and exchange information and
knowledge towards robust GHG inventory, BURs, NAMA, and
national data systems
- Collaborate with relevant national and international agencies
and institutions for efficient support to countries
• Three levels: Regional (workshops); Sub-regional (Mesoamerica)
National (Ecuador, Colombia, Indonesia, and 27 countries using
FAOSTAT)

16. Conclusions
• Agriculture is a key sector in developing countries: large share of
agricultural GDP; large employer; engine of rural development
• Agriculture (and Forestry and other land uses) is a key emission
sector globally and especially in developing countries
• NAMAs should capitalize on opportunities to achieve national
mitigation planning alongside rural development and food security
goals, exploring linked financial opportunities
• National GHG inventories based on robust data are necessary for
the development of baselines and the identification of emissions
hotspots and mitigation targets, hence for NAMA MRVs
• FAO supports member countries with a range of products,
including guidelines and GHG data products such as the
FAOSTAT Emissions database

17. For
more
informa3on
Financed
by:
FAO -Monitoring and Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Potential in Agriculture
(MAGHG): maghg@fao.org
FAO/MAGHG web site:
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/en/
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/fr/
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/es/
FAOSTAT web site: http://faostat.fao.org
FAOSTAT emission database (English, French and Spanish):
Emissions – Agriculture http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/G1/*/E
Emissions – Land Use http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/G2/*/E
Report of the Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
03 - 04 June 2013, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3397e/i3397e.pdf
Report of the Third FAO Regional Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
02 - 03 December 2013, Casablanca, Morocco
http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3624e/i3624e.pdf

18. Thank you!
Contact: MAGHG@fao.org
MAGHG: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg
FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org
Financed
by: