Biodiversity provides countless benefits to humans. It increases ecosystem productivity and sustainability by increasing the variety of life forms and their interactions. Biodiversity underpins key services like water purification and soil formation. It also has economic value through industries like agriculture, fisheries, and medicines. Preserving biodiversity ensures these services continue and provides optionality for future scientific and economic opportunities.

3. TOPICS:
• BIODIVERSITY
• TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
• ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN DEPENDENCY
• BENEFITS
• AGRICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY
• AESTHETIC VALUE AND RECREATION
• FUTURE POTENTIAL
• CONCLUSION

5. “ Variability among living organisms from
all sources including land and water
ecosystems; this includes diversity within
species, between species, and of ecosystems.”

8. •Biological diversity is an intricate net that holds our
planet together. It is the vast range of species that
greatly enhances the productivity of an ecosystem.
•Biodiversity increases the spectrum of life and ensures
sustainability for the entire ecosystem and thus our
world.
•Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each
species no matter how small, all have important role to
play.

9. FOR EXAMPLE:
•A large number of plant species mean a large
varied range of crops.
•Greater species diversity ensures natural
sustainability for all life forms.
•Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and
recover from a variety of disasters. And also
while we dominate this planet, we still need to
preserve diversity of wild life.

11. •At least 40% of the world’s economy and 80% of the needs
of the poor are derived from biological resources. In
addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the
opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development
and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate
change.
•Biodiversity is foundational to human health. By securing
the life sustaining goods and services which biodiversity
provides to us Benefit Human Health.
•Biodiversity provides economic benefits which make it most
important to humans.
Example: humans are dependent on photosynthesis, clean
water and clear air to survive. These are things that
ecosystem provide.

12. Biodiversity compromising genetic diversity,
species, populations, communities and
ecosystems, and landscapes and regions,
provides countless benefits to humans.

13. ECONOMIC
BENEFITS
AESTHETIC
BENEFITS
INSURANCE
AGAINST
FUTURE
SCIENTIFIC
AND ETHICAL
KNOWLEDGE
BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY

14. ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
Economic benefit through biodiversity are
classified as of two types
-Direct benefit
-Indirect benefit

15. 1.Direct benefits:
Goods that can be directly valued and costs
because they provide something that can be
extracted and sold. These goods include everything
from all domesticated agricultural crops that the
basis of the world’s food supply, to medicines that
protect and cure us to the fibres that make up the
clothes we wear.
Example: Goods, food, building, materials, fuel,
paper products, fibre(clothing, textiles) industrial
products(waxes, rubber, oils) medicines.

16. MEDICINES:
Biodiversity prospecting is the process
of searching for naturally occurring organisms that
may be able to be used as a pharmaceutical or other
beneficial innovation.
EXAMPLE: In fact the drugs from
MADAGASCAR ROSE PERIWINKLE FLOWER this
plant have increased children’s survivability of
leukaemia from 10-90%.v

17. 2.Indirect benefits:
Biodiversity also provides critical
indirect benefits to humans that are difficult to
quantify because we have never had to put a price
tag on them. These benefits encompass ecosystem
services, such as air and weather purification,
climate regulation, and the generation of moisture
and oxygen.

19. Profitable and sustainable farms rely on goods and
services from nature such as soil, water, air, nutrient
cycle, pollination and pest control. These goods and
services are often called ecosystem services.
Example: Without biodiversity, there would be no
ecosystem services, and vice versa. For example,
soil(which allows us to grow food) cannot be formed
without the insects, fungi, bacteria and plant matter that
act together to create it.

20. VEGETATION:
Vegetation helps recycle moisture into
atmosphere. A single corn plant(1 lb dry weight)
can transfer 60 gallons of water from soil to
atmosphere in a few months. A single rain forest
tree, in its 100 lifespan can transfer approximately
2.5 million gallons from soil to air. Their role in
the hydrologic cycle is crucial.

21. SOIL:
 A multiplicity of organisms is required to create soils and
maintain fertility through complex cycles and interactions.
 Plant roots break up rock to create soil particles, small
animals like earthworms, mites, insects and millipedes help give soil
its texture and fertility and are crucial to its aeration.
 Even tinier soil micro organisms and fungi are responsible for
cycling essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur
and making them available to higher plants.
 And their numbers are staggering. A gram of fertile
agricultural soil may contain 2.5 billion bacteria, 4,00,000 fungi,
50,000 algae and 30,000 protozoa.
 All these organisms have particular functions and interact
with each other and their physical environment to create the
fertile soil that humus depend on for agricultural production.

22.  Natural ecosystems also help the wastes we create
and render them non toxic.
 Wetlands are large filters which purify fresh
water and remove heavy metals and other contaminants
from it.
 We often depend on rivers to flush away and break
down the sewage and effluents that we put into them,
which again depends on the array of small and large
organisms that decompose and transform wastes in water.
 Soil organisms can slowly decompose food items,
paper products and other wastes produced by human
activities.

23. GLOBAL PROCESSES-ATMOSPHERIC REGULATION:
Global processes: atmospheric regulation
photosynthetic biodiversity created an oxygenated
atmospheric carbon dioxide linked to global climate change.
Global processes: climate regulations forests and
other vegetation modify climate by affecting sun
reflectance, water vapour release, window patterns and
moisture loss. Forests help in maintain a humid
environment. For example, half of the rainfall of Amazon
basin is produced locally from forest-atmosphere cycle.

24. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION:
Filters excess nutrients and traps
sediments that would otherwise impact
neighbouring marine and aquatic areas. Other
services: minimizes damages from waves and
floods serves as a nursery for juvenile commercial
fish provides habitat for many birds, fish and
shellfish. Soil and water conservation.
Examples: Coastal wet lands and mangroves.

25. NUTRIENT CYCLING:
Nutrient cycling biodiversity is
critical to nutrient cycling and soil renewal.
Decomposers such as algae, fungi and bacteria.
POLLINATION AND SEED DISPERSAL:
Pollination and seed dispersal
many flowering plants depend on animals for
pollination to produce food. 30% o f human
crops depend on free services of pollination.

26. AGRICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY:
Biodiversity is the variation of life at all
levels, from genes to organisms to populations.
Health ecosystems tend to have greater
biodiversity.
Most biofuel feed stock come from
agricultural crops grown in highly disturbed
ecosystems with relatively low biodiversity.

27. •Tillage
•Planting
•Large monocultures
•Fertilizer and pesticide applications
•Irrigation
•Weed management
•Harvest
Agricultural practices that tend to make farms less
diverse than wild lands include:

29. MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SECURITY
A growing body of research reveals that changing biodiversity can
influence several properties of
• marine food webs and ecosystems,
• nutrient use and cycling,
• productivity,
• transfer of energy and materials between tropic levels,
For example,
The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is one of the largest fisheries in
the Chesapeake Bay, USA, with a value of almost 19 $M in Virginia
alone in 2004. Blue crabs have declined in abundance in recent
decades, partly as a direct result of fishing, but also as an indirect
consequence of loss of sea grasses that provide nursery habitat
foyoung crabs.

30. AESTHETIC VALUE AND RECREATION:
North America, protected wild areas where
indigenous organisms live undisturbed give people a sense of
satisfaction in knowing that there are bears and wolves and
rare plants and insects that still exist on their continent.
Natural and wild landscapes are aesthetically pleasing and
provide opportunities to get away from human dominated
landscapes. They also provide opportunities for recreational
activities such as hiking, canoeing, birdwatching and nature
photography.

31. FUTURE POTENTIAL:
With there are hundreds of examples of known economic and
aesthetic benefits of biodiversity, biologists and other scientists
frequently outline that more is unknown than known. Important
ecosystem services and uses for plants and animals are still unknown
and await discovery. Yes these cannot be discovery. The threat to
biodiversity can be compared to book burning (the obliteration of
former and future knowledge).
Many of our valuable goods, from spices (cinnamon,
pepper) to critical medications (aspirin, tamoxifen, quinine, digitalis)
have been discovered accidentally because plants and animals
produce chemicals for defense or attraction. We would not have
otherwise considered the organisms from which these chemicals
originated as valuable and worthy and conservation.

32. CONCLUSION:
Biodiversity acts as a form of natural insurance for
risk-averse ecosystem managers against the over- or
under-provision with ecosystem services.
Conserving biological diversity gives us the best
chance of adapting to our rapidly changing world.
 Since all the living world relies on the natural
environment ,especially us, it is in our best interests and the
interests of future generations to conserve biodiversity
and our resources.