Rocks are naturally occurring solid aggregates made up of minerals or mineraloids. There are three main types of rocks: igneous rocks which form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks which are formed at the surface from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks which form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure. Rocks are an essential component of the lithosphere and have many important uses for mankind such as construction materials, fertilizers from sedimentary rocks, and sources of power like coal and petroleum. The continuous rock cycle involves the formation, weathering and erosion, deposition, and reformation of rocks over time.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
Ichnology,classification & significance of trace fossilUjjavalPatel16
Ichnology,classification& significance of trace fossil
Most trace fossils are largely facies dependant.
No secondary displacement or transport.
Trace fossils are common in rocks that otherwise are unfossiliferous. (siliciclastics, shorelines)
Non-preservation of the causative organism.
Multiple architects may produce a single structure.
The same individual can produce different structures corresponding to different behavior.
The same individual may produce different structures corresponding with identical behavior but in different substrates.
Identical structures may be produced by the activity of systematically different organisms where behavior is similar.
Abundance - one animal, especially if mobile, can make many traces during its lifetime, whereas it may or may not have its body preserved in the fossil record.
Rock Cycle Diagram<a href="https://rsiasacademy.com/rock-cycle-diagram/">Rock Cycle Diagram</a>
is the one that explains the processes through which the types of rocks namely – Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic undergo transformation in Geologic times. Rocks of any type can be converted into any other type, or into another rock of the same type. Whenever the state of equilibrium of a particular rock type is disturbed, the rock undergoes a transformation e.g. when an Igneous rock like Basalt or Obsidian is subjected to weathering, it may break up into fragments.
Ichnology,classification & significance of trace fossilUjjavalPatel16
Ichnology,classification& significance of trace fossil
Most trace fossils are largely facies dependant.
No secondary displacement or transport.
Trace fossils are common in rocks that otherwise are unfossiliferous. (siliciclastics, shorelines)
Non-preservation of the causative organism.
Multiple architects may produce a single structure.
The same individual can produce different structures corresponding to different behavior.
The same individual may produce different structures corresponding with identical behavior but in different substrates.
Identical structures may be produced by the activity of systematically different organisms where behavior is similar.
Abundance - one animal, especially if mobile, can make many traces during its lifetime, whereas it may or may not have its body preserved in the fossil record.
Rock Cycle Diagram<a href="https://rsiasacademy.com/rock-cycle-diagram/">Rock Cycle Diagram</a>
is the one that explains the processes through which the types of rocks namely – Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic undergo transformation in Geologic times. Rocks of any type can be converted into any other type, or into another rock of the same type. Whenever the state of equilibrium of a particular rock type is disturbed, the rock undergoes a transformation e.g. when an Igneous rock like Basalt or Obsidian is subjected to weathering, it may break up into fragments.
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth Jahangir Alam
Internal Structure of the Earth
The Processes that Change the Shape of the Earth
Composition of the Earth
Basic Rocks Types
Common Rock Forming Minerals
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Rocks
1.
2. Rocks
• In geology, a rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one
or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common
rock granite is a combination of the quartz, feldspar,
biotite minerals. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is
made of rock.
• Rocks have been used by mankind throughout history. From
the Stone Age rocks have been used for tools. The minerals and
metals we find in rocks have been essential to human
civilization. The scientific study of rocks is calledpetrology,
which is an essential component of geology. Three major groups
of rocks are defined: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
3. Igneous Rocks
• Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word igneus meaning of fire,
from ignis meaning fire) forms through the cooling and solidification
of magma or lava. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-
existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting of
rocks is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a
decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Igneous rocks are divided into
two main categories: plutonic rock and volcanic.
• About 64.7% of the Earth's crust by volume consists of igneous rocks making
it the most plentiful category. Of these, 66% are basalts and gabbros, 16% are
granite, and 17% granodiorites and diorites. Only 0.6% are syenites and
0.3% peridotites and dunites. The oceanic crust is 99% basalt, which is an
igneous rock of mafic composition. Granites and similar rocks, known as meta-
granitoids, form much of the continental crust. Over 700 types of igneous rocks
have been described, most of them having formed beneath the surface
of Earth's crust. These have diverse properties, depending on their composition
and the temperature and pressure conditions in which they were formed.
4. Characteristics of igneous rocks
• These rock do not have remains of plants and
animals.
• These rocks do not occur in distinct beds or strata.
• These rocks have metals and minerals like silver,
gold, iron, etc.
• These rocks do not allow water to percolate
through them.
5. Intrusive
igneous rocks
Plutonic or intrusive
rocks result when
magma cools and
crystallizes slowly
within the Earth's
crust. A common
example of this type
is granite.
6. Extrusive
igneous rock
Volcanic or extrusive
rocks result from
magma reaching the
surface either as lava
or fragmental ejecta,
forming minerals such
as pumice orbasalt.
7. Sedimentary rocks
• Sedimentary rocks are formed at the earth's surface.
Before being deposited, sediments are formed
by weathering or earlier rocks by erosion in a source
area, and then transported to the place of deposition
by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers.
Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils.
Sedimentary rocks form under the influence of
gravity and typically are deposited in horizontal or
near horizontal layers or strata and may be referred
to as stratified rocks.
8. Characteristics of sedimentary
rocks
• These rocks are made up of particles of various sizes.
• These rocks are mostly formed under water and have
marks of waves and mud-cracks.
• They are found in horizontal layers.
• These rocks are softer than igneous rocks.
• Between the layers, these rocks also contain remains
of plants and animals, called fossils. Fossil fuels like
petroleum are obtained from these rocks.
9.
10. Metamorphic Rocks
• Metamorphic rocks are formed by subjecting any rock
type—sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older
metamorphic rock—to different temperature and
pressure conditions than those in which the original
rock was formed. This process is called metamorphism
meaning to "change in form". The temperatures and
pressures required for this process are always higher
than those found at the Earth's surface: temperatures
greater than 150 to 200 °C and pressures of
1500 bars. Metamorphic rocks compose 27.4% of the
crust by volume.
11. Characteristics of metamorphic
rocks
• These rocks are very hard and closed, banded
structures.
• These are very hard and have a high specific
gravity.
• These rocks do not have empty spaces in them.
• After changes, these rocks remain in the original
position.
12.
13. Uses Of Rocks And Minerals
• Rocks are majorly used in the construction of roads,
houses and buildings. Soil is formed from rocks. The
chemicals which are obtained from the sedimentary
rocks are used to make fertilizers. Coal and petroleum
provide the sources of power. In fact, in ancient
times, rocks were used to make weapons and tools.
14. Rock Cycle
• The rock cycle is an ongoing process, beginning as rocks are
pushed up by tectonic forces, and eroded by wind and rain.
The eroded rocks travel by wind or moving water until they
are deposited, settling into layers. Additional eroded rocks
may bury these layers until heat and pressure change the
underlying layers to metamorphic rock. More eroded rocks
may squeeze and press the layers into sedimentary rocks.
Rocks can also be sunk down into the lower layers of the
earth by plate tectonic processes. Buried rocks may also melt
and recrystallize into igneous rocks. Metamorphic,
sedimentary, and igneous rocks may then be pushed up by
tectonic forces, starting the rock cycle again.