The document discusses the interior structure of the Earth and different types of rocks. It describes the four major layers as: 1) Crust - The outermost solid rock layer, thinnest on ocean floors at 5-35 km thick. 2) Mantle - Below the crust, made mostly of silicate rock rich in magnesium and iron, extends to 2,900 km deep. 3) Outer core - A liquid layer of molten nickel and iron below the mantle. 4) Inner core - The innermost solid layer made of nickel and iron with very high temperatures and pressures.

1. Inside our Earth- chapter-2 -
Class 7th – Geography
K.V. SARNI , M.P. “Kaksha cbse ajay hazare”[CHANNEL NAME]
CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
PART – 1 , 2

2. What shall we discuss in this lesson
1 - INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
crust, mantle and core.
2 – Continental Crust
3 – Oceanic Crust
4 - ROCKS AND MINERALS.
A- igneous rocks [a-intrusive rocks [b- extrusive
rocks. B - sedimentary rocks and
C- metamorphic rocks
5 -Rock Cycle.

4. CRUST
UPPER MENTAL
LOWER MENTAL
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

5. CRUST
UPPER MENTAL
LOWER MENTAL
OUTER CORE INNER CORE

6. 1-The uppermost layer over the earth’s
surface is called the crust.
2-It is the thinnest of all the layers.
3-It is about 35 km.on the continental
masses .
4-and only 5 km.on the ocean floors.
5-Major constituent elements of crust
are Silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al) and
thus, it is often termed as SIAL.

7. The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica
and magnesium;
it is therefore called sima (si-silica and
ma-magnesium)
oceanic crust
rocky layer of the earth
Basalt: A fine-grained igneous rock that is usually black in color.

8. MANTLE
1- Just beneath the crust there is the mantle
which extends up to a depth of 2900 km. below
the crust. It is composed mostly of Silicate rock rich in
magnesium and iron

9. CORE
1- The innermost layer is the core with a radius(distance from the
Centre of a circle to outside edge)
of about 3500 km/3959k.m. It is mainly made up
of nickel and iron and is called nife (ni – nickel and
fe – ferrous i.e. iron) and molten rock
2- The central core has very high temperature
and pressure.

10. Activity
What is inside the Earth?
NAME ----------------------------------

11. [1] Name the layers of the Earth?

12. 1
2
3
1 The _____________is made of
molten metal.
2. The_____________ is where we
live, and where the oceans are.
3 -The ___________________ is
where most of the earth's heat is
stored.
Name the layer of the earth? And fill the
blanks
4

13. 1- What is the State of the Inner Core?
ACTIVITY -2
2 - What is the Composition of the Inner Core?
3- What is the State of the Outer Core?
4 - The ----------- is located beneath the crust.
5 - The ----------------- is the third layer.
6 - What is the State of the LOWER Mantle?
7 – Name the types of Rocks

14. Chapter – 2
Class – 7th
PART – 2
ROCKS AND MINERALS
KAKSHA CBSE AJAY HAZARE
With pictorial activities

15. Rocks and
minerals

16. What is a rock?
Rocks are very tiny grains of different minerals,
compressed together in a chemical reaction to form a larger
mass.
There are three major types of rocks:
1- igneous rocks,[Primary Rock]
2- sedimentary rocks and
3- metamorphic rocks.

17. Areas of
rock can
move
slowly
upwards
, pushed
up by
pressure
of the
rocks
forming
underne
ath. This
is called
uplift.
OUTCROP
Formation
of Rock
that Is
visible on
the
surface.

19. Igneous means ‘fiery’
Igneous rocks form when magma cools off.

20. IGNEOUS ROCK
Igneous means , fiery.
Igneous rocks form when magma/lava cools off.

21. When the molten
lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools
down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way
on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks,
They have a very fine grained structure. For
example, basalt. The Deccan plateau is made
up of basalt rocks.

22. IT IS TRIANGULAR IN SHAPE
BOUNDED BY THE SATPURA
AND VINDHAY IN THE
NORTH – WEST AND
MAIKAL AND MAHADEV IN
THE NORTH, IF WE GO TO
DOWN OR A LITTLE LOWER,
WEST BY THE WESTERN
GHAT AND THE EASTERN
PORTION IS BOUNDED BY

24. Rocks roll down, crack, and hit each
other and are broken down into small
fragments. These smaller particles are
called sediments. These sediments are
transported and deposited by wind,
water, etc.
Sedimentary Rock
LATIN WORD , SEDIMENTUM = SETTLE DOWN

25. These loose sediments are compressed
and hardened to form layers of rocks.
These types of rocks are called
sedimentary rocks.For example, sandstone
is made from grains of sand.
These rocks may also contain fossils of
plants, animals and other microorganisms
that once lived on them. इन चट्टानों में पौधों, जानवरों और अन्य इन
चट्टानों में पौधों, जानवरों और अन्य सूक्ष्मजीवों क
े जीवाश्म भी हो सकते हैं जो कभी उन पर रहते थे।
Sedimentary Rock

26. Metamorphic
Rocks
META = CHANGE ------ MORPH = FORM ---CHANGE IN FORM

27. Sedimentary rocks can change
into metamorphic rocks under great heat
and pressure . For example, clay changes
into slate and limestone into marble

28. Basalt

29. USES OF ROCKS:-
Rocks are very useful to us. The hard rocks are
used
for making roads, houses and buildings. You use
stones
in many games. For example, seven stones
(pitthoo), hopscotch
(stapu/kit kit), five stones (gitti).

30. Redfort , Sandstone in building construction
Graphite is used in making pencils
Used in making of big tiles
Used in making of pavement

31. Minerals :-
are naturally occurring substances which have
definite chemical composition. Minerals are very
important to humankind. Mineral are usually solid
and inorganic Some are used as fuels. For
example, coal, natural gas and
petroleum. They are also used in industries – iron,
aluminum, gold, uranium, etc., in medicine, in
fertilizers, etc.

35. NO. 1
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
MAGMA

36. NOW ITS TIME FOR ACTIVITIES
1. How does igneous rock become
metamorphic rock?
2. How does a metamorphic rock
become an igneous rock?
3. How are sediments formed?

37. .4 Which process cannot happen?
a. Igneous rock heat and or pressure metamorphic rock
b. Igneous rock weathering and erosion burial
deposition cementation sedimentary rock
c. Metamorphic rock melting solidification igneous
rock
d. Sedimentary rock melting solidification
metamorphic rock
5. Can an igneous rock become another igneous rock? If so,
how?

38. IDENTIFY THE IMAGE OF ROCK AND MATCH WITH THEIR NAME
S.N. IMAGE OF THE ROCK NAME
1 BASALT
2 MARBLE
3
SLATE
4
LIMESTONE

39. Tick the correct answer.
(i) The rock which is made up of molten magma is
(a) Igneous (b) Sedimentary (c) Metamorphic
(ii) The innermost layer of the earth is
(a) Crust (b) Core (c) Mantle
(iii) Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of
(a) Rocks (b) Minerals (c) Fossils
(iv) Rocks which contain fossils are
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks
(c) Igneous rocks
(v) The thinnest layer of the earth is
(a) Crust (b) Mantle (c) Core