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Inheritance 1
This document discusses Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns. It introduces key concepts such as: - Traits being controlled by genes which consist of allele pairs - Dominant and recessive alleles and how they determine phenotypes - The use of Punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parent crosses - Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment, which describe how alleles separate and assort independently during gamete formation and fertilization. Several examples are provided to illustrate Mendelian crosses involving one or two traits, and how the expected phenotypic ratios in offspring can be determined. Questions are also included to test understanding of genetic terminology and inheritance patterns.
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Inheritance 1
- 1.
- 2. Observe this picture. Whatconclusion you can give from this picture?
- 3. Question? • Are theydifference? • What is the differences between them? • Do they have any similiar characteristic ? • Where do they get all these characteristics?
- 4.
- 5. What color isthe parent? What is the characteristic of the first filial? What is the characteristic of the second filial? What is the propotion between the color? 3 yellow : 1 green
- 7. State • The colorof parent flower • The color of offspring flower • Where the color goes?
- 8. State: • What isobvious color of the flower? • purple • Predict the color of offspring flowers • Purple and white
- 9. What • Trait canbe observe? • Cant be seen in one generation? • Less color in the offspring? • What is the name of the trait that can be seen regularly • What is the name the trait that seldom be seen • What factor controling the trait??
- 10. • Trait alwayscan be seen = dominance trait • Trait seldom be seen = recessive trait • Dominance trait is control by dominance factor • Recessive trait is control by recessive factors • The factor is called gene
- 11. Gene and alelle •Every trait is control by a gene • Gene consist of two allele • Each allele is located at a chromosome U 1 chromosome 1 allele
- 12. Gene dan allele Trait– control by a pair of allele at homolog chromosome What is homolog chromosome? Homolog chromosomes pairsChromosomes in the cell
- 13. Gene dan allele TT Homologchromosomes AlleleAllele Gene consist of 2 allele in same Location at homolog chromosomes
- 14. • The yellowcolor bean is control by dominance gene (K) • = KK • The green color bean is control by ressesive gene (k) • = kk • Heterozygote form: = Kk • The color is yellow, yellow is dominance
- 15. KK Yellow parent XGreen parent kk K K k k Kk KkKk Kk KK kkKkKk kK K k gamete F1 F1 X F1 gamete F2 yellow yellow yellow green meiosis fertilization meiosis fertilization
- 16. Try again: • Parent: yellow X green
- 17. For F2 generation: •Use Punnet square: Gamete maleGamete female K k K k KK Kk Kk kk
- 18. What is.. • Parentgenotype ? • Parent Phenotype ? • Genotype F1 • Phenotype F1 • Genotype F2 • Phenotype F2 • Phenotype ??? Genotype ???
- 19. • Genotype =type of allele that control the trait • Phenotype = the characteristic can be seen
- 20. So:- • KK =pure breed (homozygote) - yellow • Kk = hybrid (heterozygote) - yellow • kk = pure breed (homozygote) – green • Practice: − Do the cross of the following:
- 21.
- 22. What is theconclusion can be made? • Trait is control by a pair of allele, only an allele can be inherited in gamete. First Mendel Law (Law of Segregation) any pair of characteristics there is only one gene in a gamete even though there are two genes in ordinary cells.
- 23.
- 24.
- 25. Two trait inherited. Eachtrait is controlled control by two allele Each of the allele from any trait able to combine during gamete formation in meiosis .
- 26. Female Drosophila Purple eye Blackbody Male Drosophila Red eye Brown body .
- 27. Key: U – dominanceallele for purple eye U – recessive allele for red eye H- dominance allele for black body H – recessive allele for brown body Draw schematic diagram to show the inheritance of the trait in F1 and F2 generation. UUHH X uuhhParent Gamete UH uh First filial Generation (F1) UuHh
- 28. Random cross betweenF1 with any of F1 UuHh X UuHh Gamete: UH Uh uH uh UH Uh uH uh F2: UH Uh uH uh UH Uh uH uh
- 29. Phenotype Number Purple eye,brown body Purple eye, black body Red eye, black body Red eye, brown body
- 34. Mendel's Law of IndependentAssortment two characteristics the genes are inherited independently.