The document describes information processing theory, which focuses on how knowledge enters and is stored in memory. It discusses the three main stages of information processing: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding involves sensing information and attending to it. Storage concerns where and how long information is kept in memory. Retrieval is bringing information back from storage. The theory also describes the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information first enters the sensory register briefly before passing to short-term memory for around 18 seconds or long-term memory for indefinite storage. The goal of information processing is acquiring, storing, and retrieving knowledge effectively.

1. Information Processing
Theory
Prepared by:
Harlen Aspera
Angeline Bade
Jea Rose D. Alba

2. At the end of this module, you should be
able to:
• Describe the processes involved in
acquiring, storing and retrieving
knowledge.
Objectives:

4. Information Processing
• Is a cognitive theoretical framework that focuses on how
knowledge enters and is stored and retrieve from our memory.
• It focuses on how people attend to environmental events,
encode information to be learned and relate it to knowledge in
memory, store new knowledge in memory and retrieve it as
needed.

6. IPT describes how the learner receives information
(stimuli) from the environment through the senses
and what takes place in between determines whether
the information will continue to pass through the
sensory register, then the short-term memory and the
long-term memory.

7. Types of Knowledge
• General vs. Specific
• Declarative
• Procedural
• Episodic
• Conditional

8. General vs. Specific
This involves whether the
knowledge is useful in many
tasks, or only in one.

9. Declarative
This knowledge refers to facts or
information stored in the
memory, that is considered static
in nature.

10. This includes knowledge on
how to do things.
Procedural

11. Episodic
This includes memories of
life events, like your high
school graduation.

12. Conditional
This is about “knowing when
and why” to apply declarative
or procedural strategies.

13. IPT involves the functioning of:
• Senses
• Sensory register
• Short term memory
• Long term memory

14. Three Primary Stages in IPT
1. Encoding
• Information is sensed, perceived and attended to.
• When information comes into our memory system (from a
sensory input) it needs to be changed into a form that the
system can cope with so that it can be stored.

15. 2. Storage
• The information is stored for either a brief or extended
period of time, depending upon the processes following
encoding.
• This concerns the nature of memory stores, i.e. where the
information is stored, how long the memory lost for, how
much can be stored at any time and what kind of
information is held.

16. 3. Retrieval
• The information is brought back at the appropriate time,
and reactivated for use on a current task, the true measure
of effective memory.
• Refers to getting information out storage.

17. Three Main Stages in the Memory Processes
1. Sensory Register
• The main purpose of sensory register is to screen incoming stimuli
and process only those stimuli that are most relevant at the present
time.
 Capacity: Our mind receives a great amount of information but
it is more than what our minds can hold or perceive.
 Duration: The sensory register only holds the information for
an extremely brief – in the order of 1 to 3 seconds.
There is a difference in duration based on modality: auditory memory is
more persistent than visual.

18. The Role of Attention
We only perceive or remember
those things that pass our attention
gate.

19. 2. Short Term Memory (STM or
Working Memory)
Capacity: 5 to 9 chunks of
information
Duration: Around 18 seconds or less

20. 3. Long Term Memory (LTM)
• Permanent storing house for memory
information
 Capacity: Unlimited
 Duration: Indefinite

21. The Information Processing Model

22. References:
Peñacosa, C., 2022.
Information Processing. (n.d.). [Slide show]. https://slideplayer.com/amp/12375199
Outputs, S. O. (2021, May 20). Information Processing [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved
October 18, 2022, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iHzB6k4jHw&feature=youtu.be
Matlin, Margaret W. (2005). Cognition. Crawfordsville: Kohn Willey &Sons, Inc

23. Any fool can talk, but not everyone can
listen, receive, and process information.
Cynthia Bailey