The document discusses the information processing theory of memory, which models human memory as consisting of three main components: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information enters through the senses and is held briefly in sensory memory before either being processed in short-term memory or encoded for storage in long-term memory. Short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity, while long-term memory has virtually unlimited capacity and can store information for life. The information processing theory draws comparisons between this process and how computers receive, process, and store digital information.

1. MEMORY
I N F O R M AT I O N P R O C E S S I N G M O D E L
NIKITHA HELEENA
St. Anns College of Education,
Mangalore

2. MEMORY
Memory is the ability to take in information, store it, and recall it at a later time. In
psychology, memory is broken into three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Encoding is the
process of receiving,
processing, and
combining
information.
Storage is the creation of
a permanent record of the
encoded information.
Retrieval is the
calling back of
stored information
in response to some
cue for use in a
process or activity.

3. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
• Information processing theory (also known as the multi-store model or Atkinson–
Shiffrin model ) is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and
Richard Shiffrin.
• It discusses the mechanisms through which learning occurs. Specifically, it focuses on
aspects of memory encoding and retrieval.
• The model asserts that human memory has three separate components:
sensory store
short-term store (also called working memory)
long-term store

4. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

5. SENSORY MEMORY
• Information enters the human information processing system through a variety of
channels associated with different senses.
• Information that is not immediately attended is held briefly in a very temporarily
“buffer memory” , making it possible to attend some of it a bit later called the sensory
memory.

6. SHORT TERM MEMORY (STM)
• Information that is attended to, arrives in another temporary store called short term or
working memory.
• Capacity – about 5-7 chunks of information
• Duration – about 18-20 seconds
• Control processes are :
Chunking
Rehearsal
Coding
Retrieval
Short-term memory is often used
interchangeably with working
memory, which refers to the processes
that are used to temporarily store,
organize, and manipulate information.

7. LONG TERM MEMORY (LTM)
• It is a relative permanent store in which you hold information even when you are no
longer attending to it.
• Information held in LTM is equivalent to computers writing information to its hard
drive.
• Capacity – virtually unlimited
• Duration – up to life time
• Information is organized according to meaning and is associatively linked.

8. LOSING MEMORY
• Why do we forget information we have learned in the past?
• There are four basic explanations for why forgetting occurs:
Retrieval failure
Interference
Failure to store
Motivated forgetting
Research has shown that one of the critical factors that influence memory failure is
time. Information is often quickly forgotten, particularly if people do not actively
review and rehearse the information.

9. LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION
PROCESSING THEORY
• The analogy of the human brain and a computer is somewhat limited.
• As humans, our ability to learn and retain information is swayed by a variety of
influences, from our level of motivation to learn to our emotions - factors that don’t
impact computers.
• Computers also have a limited capacity in their CPU, while the human capacity for
memory is unlimited.
• Computers process things serially while humans have immense capacity for parallel
processing, or digesting multiple pieces of information at once.

10. BOOSTING MEMORY
 Linking new
knowledge with past
experience
 Making associations
 Persistent repetition
 Recitation method
 Whole learning
 Learning by doing
 Introducing motivation
 Intelligent and
meaningful learning
 Introducing rest
 Proper grouping
 Use of rhythm
 Use of reward and
punishment

11. SUMMARY
When you look at your computer, do you think of your brain?
It might sound like a strange idea, but it's pretty much the
connection psychologists have drawn in the development of
the information processing theory. With the momentum of
technology in the past few decades, there have been
comparisons made between the way a computer operates
and the way our mind does. Just as a computer receives,
stores and brings up information, so do our minds as we live
day by day.
Cognitive psychology sees the
individual as a processor of
information, in much the same
way that a computer takes in
information and follows a
program to produce an output.

12. R E F E R E N C E S
1. Cherry, K. (2020). Memory. Retrieved from
Very well mind:
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-
memory-2795006
2. Introduction to memory. (n.d.). Retrieved from
Boundless psychology:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/introduction-to-memory/
3. Lawless, C. (2019). Information Processing
Theory. Retrieved from learnupon:
https://www.learnupon.com/blog/what-is-
information-processing-theory/
4. McLeod, S. (2008). Information Processing.
Retrieved from Simply Psychology:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/information-
processing.html

13. THANK YOU