Seasonal influenza, or the flu, is an acute viral infection caused by influenza viruses that mainly affects the respiratory system. It can cause illnesses ranging from mild to severe and even lead to hospitalization or death in some cases. While most healthy people recover within a week, those at high risk like people with heart disease are more likely to experience severe illness. Regular flu vaccination is especially important for high-risk groups since influenza can exacerbate heart conditions and even trigger heart attacks. A recent study found that getting the flu shot reduced the risk of heart attacks and deaths in heart failure patients.

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4.  Seasonal influenza, or ‘the flu’ as it is often called, is an acute viral
infection caused by an influenza virus, mainly affects the respiratory
system.
 Seasonal influenza viruses circulate worldwide and can affect anybody
in any age group.

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7.  Seasonal influenza epidemics can cause febrile illnesses that range in
severity from mild to debilitating and can lead in some instances to
hospitalization and even cause death.
 Persons infected by influenza virus may be asymptomatic or present with
self-limited acute febrile respiratory symptoms , with recovery in 3-7 days.
 However, those presenting with severe illness may have significant
morbidity and mortality, Such a presentation has been found to be
associated with high-risk patients

12.  Influenza is a self limited illness ,For patients in low-risk groups who
do not develop complications, prognosis is good and a full recovery is
expected.
 Patients in high-risk groups have an increased incidence of severe
illness, hospitalization, and death.

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18. Influenza Can Have DeadlyConsequences for Individuals withHeart Disease?
DIDYOU KNOW...?

19. Cardiovascular complications of influenza
 Epidemiologic studies have noted an increase in cardiovascular deaths
during influenza epidemics.
 Cardiovascular complications of influenza infection e.g Exacerbation of
heart failure, acute ischemic heart disease, and less often acute
myocarditis, are important contributors to morbidity and mortality during
influenza infection.

22.  The effects of flu on individuals with heart disease are well-established,
yet they remain underappreciated.
 In fact, a recent study noted that acute myocardial infarction (heart
attack) is six times more likely within seven days of laboratory confirmed
influenza infection.

23.  An increasing body of evidence points to inflammation as the mechanism
by which flu exacerbates heart disease and other chronic health
conditions
 Flu-associated inflammation can remain for weeks after viral symptoms
have resolved, leaving patients vulnerable to disease exacerbation weeks
after they have “recovered” from acute flu illness.

28.  Influenza can trigger a heart attack in patients with heart disease
and up to half of unexpected influenza deaths are due to heart
disease.
 Influenza vaccination can reduce the risk of heart attacks and offer
cardio-protective benefits in cardiac patients.

35. Regular flu shots may save heart failure patients' lives
Getting an annual flu shot can save heart failure patients' lives, according to
new research in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation.

36. Can Vaccinations Improve Heart Failure Outcomes?

37. NOVEMBER 30, 2018

38.  Reducing the Unpredictable Risks of the Predictable Flu Season
 Flu Shot May Save Heart Failure Patients' Lives , For Newly
Diagnosed Heart Failure Patients, the Flu Shot Could Be a
Lifesaver

39.  Patient guidelines from the Heart Failure Society of America include an
annual flu vaccine.
 While the American College of Cardiology (ACC) also recommends a flu
shot every year for cardiovascular disease patients, it does not
address people with heart failure.
 The flu and its potential complications such as pneumonia pose special
problems for people with heart disease.

44. Inactivated subunit (TIV)
Intramuscular
Live attenuated vaccine (LAIV)
Intranasal
Seasonal Influenza Vaccines

46. Viruses for both vaccines are grown in eggs

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Vaccine Storage
Store vaccine between 2º and 8º C at all times.
Vaccine should be placed on the middle shelves of the refrigerator
Influenza vaccine should never be exposed to freezing temperature!.
The vaccine effectiveness can be decreased by exposure to light

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Note: Influenza Vaccine must not be frozen.
It should never come into direct contact with ice.
Transporting Vaccine
Use insulated containers with a temperature monitoring
device and appropriate cooling agents
Keep vaccine in insulated bags – do not carry it in your pocket!

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90° Angle
Dermis
Fatty tissue
(subQ)
Muscle tissue
Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine is Administered by
the Intramuscular Route
Needle length & Site depend on:
Muscle size, Fatty tissue thickness,
Vaccine volume, Injection technique
Aspiration is NOT required

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x
Anterolateral thigh
Inactivated Influenza Vaccine IM Injections
Deltoid

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Anterolateral thigh
Needle gauge
- 22 - 25 gauge
Needle length
- 1 inch
Inactivated seasonal Influenza Vaccine
IM Injections – Infant (6-12 months)

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Inactivated seasonal Influenza Vaccine
IM Injections – Toddlers (1-2 years)
Needle size
- 22 - 25 gauge
Needle length
- anterolateral thigh – 1 inch
- deltoid – 1 inch

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.
 For adults and older children, the recommended
site of vaccination is the deltoid muscle.
 The preferred site for infants (< 12 months old )
and young children (older than 12 months of
age with inadequate deltoid muscle mass) is the
anterolateral aspect of the thigh.

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Standard Technique for Injection

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According to CDC
TIV Dosage and frequency of administration

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All people 6 months of age and older should get flu vaccine.

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70. Health-care workers are an important priority group for influenza
vaccination, not only to protect the individual and maintain health-care
services during influenza epidemics, but also to reduce spread of influenza
to vulnerable patient groups.
Vaccination of HCWs should be considered part of a broader infection
control policy for health-care facilities.

71.  Influenza vaccination rates among health care workers still short of
goals
 In the absence of contraindications, refusal of HCWs who have direct
patient contact, to be immunized annually against influenza , implies
failure in their duty of care to their patients.”

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81.  Health care workers should use every opportunity to give
Inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine to individuals at risk of serious
influenza complications,who have not been immunized during the current
season,even after influenza activity has been documented in the
community,

82.  All Healthcare Professionals Have a Role in Protecting Adults with
Chronic Health Conditions from Influenza
 Specialists, such as cardiologists, endocrinologists, and pulmonologists,
who treat patients with chronic health conditions must routinely
incorporate flu vaccine into fall visits.

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Immunizations are one of the world's biggest public health success stories,But not all
communities have the same access to vaccines .”
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THANK YOU