(1) Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after one year of unprotected sex. It can be caused by problems in either the male or female partner or both. (2) Management of infertility involves counseling for lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, avoiding smoking and alcohol, as well as medical treatments. (3) Recent advances include assisted reproduction techniques like intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) which can help couples conceive but are often costly with rates of success dependent on multiple factors.

1. Infertility, recent and advanced in
management
DR. SHAZIA IQBAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY)
ALFARABI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, RIYADH

2. Objectives:
Brief about infertility
Definition of Infertility
What is the management of infertility
Counseling is provided for the healthy life style .
Recent Advances in the Management of Infertility
Intrauterine insemination IUI is of types
Conclusion

3. Brief about infertility:
In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant after
one year of intercourse without contraception involving a male
and female partner. There are many causes of infertility,
including some that medical intervention can treat

5. Definition of Infertility:
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant
to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural
state of a healthy adult, except notably among
certain eusocial species

7. Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility
cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility, and
25–40% are due to combined problems in both parts.

8. What causes of infertility ?

11. What is the
management
of infertility:
Management of infertility ranges from
counseling and advice to medications and
surgery.
Counseling of both partners is an important
aspect in the management of infertility with
medical and psychological support to the
couple.

12. Counseling is provided for the healthy life
style measures such as:
-Healthy eating habits-
-Adding more whole-grain products, fruits, vegetables.
-Limiting processed foods and foods with added sugars, eating a diet
low in cholesterol and saturated fats
-Promote regular exercise
-No smoking (avoid passive smoking)
-Limit alcohol intake

13. -Maintain healthy weight
-Folic acid supplementation in women
-Advice on rubella vaccination if seronegative
- Treatment of Psycho-sexual problems

14. Weight management is important in preventing and treating infertility. Women
who are overweight or underweight ovulate less regularly compared to women of
a healthy weight. Similarly overweight men are likely to have reduced fertility.
Therefore maintain a healthy weight with healthy diet and exercise.
Eat a balanced diet which should include whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits and
vegetables, low fat milk products. Limiting consumption of sugar, alcohol,
caffeine, no smoking including passive smoking can have a beneficial impact on
a couple’s ability to conceive.

16. when initial treatments don’t
work, couple may decide for
assisted reproduction
technology.

17. Recent Advances in the Management
of Infertility
Assisted reproduction techniques (ART):
-Intrauterine insemination (IUI): IUI is the placement of a man’s
sperm into a woman’s uterus using a long, narrow tube. IUI may be
used in the following conditions.
-Defects of cervix
-Low sperm counts
-Sperm with low motility

18. -Erection problems in male partner
-Retrograde ejaculation (a condition in which sperms are
deposited in to the bladder instead of going out through the
urethra)
-Women who have scarring or defects of the cervix

20. Intrauterine insemination IUI is of types:
In vitro fertilization (IVF): In vitro fertilization, eggs and sperm are
taken from the couple and are incubated together in a dish in a
laboratory to produce an embryo. Medical specialist places the embryo
into the woman’s uterus, where it may implant and develop in a
successful pregnancy.

22. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): in this procedure
fertilization occurs naturally after eggs and sperm are placed
inside the fallopian tube

24. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): In ZIFT fertilized
eggs are transferred to fallopian tube within 24 hours after
fertilization.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): In this procedure
single sperm is injected in to mature egg. It is used to treat
sperm related infertility problems.

26. Conclusion
IVF is a procedure used to give parents hope and
restore the joy of having a baby. But it is very costly,
and one must be well prepared for it. The rate of
success depends on several factors including maternal
age, embryo status, reproductive history, cause of
infertility, and lifestyle. But the good news is there is
a high chance of success.

27. Reference
https://www.momnewsdaily.com/pregnancy/infertility/everything-you-need-to-know-about-in-
vitro-fertilization-ivf-treatment/
https://www.aimu.us/2018/01/10/infertility-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-management-and-
prevention/

28. Thank you