The document discusses safe motherhood, which aims to ensure women receive quality care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum in order to optimize health outcomes for mother and baby. It defines key aspects of safe motherhood including components of care, major causes of maternal mortality, and predisposing risk factors. The roles of community, husbands, and pillars of safe motherhood like family planning, antenatal care, clean delivery, and emergency obstetric care are also outlined. High risk pregnancies that require specialized care are identified.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
High risk approach in maternal and child healthShrooti Shah
High risk pregnancy is defined as one which is complicated by factor or factors that adversely affects the pregnancy outcome –maternal or perinatal or both.The risk factors may be pre-existing prior to or at the time of first antenatal visit or may develop subsequently in the ongoing pregnancy labour or puerperium.
Over 50 percent of all maternal complications and 60 percent of all primary caesarean sections arise from the high risk group of cases.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
This topic contains definition, meaning, classification, pathophysiology, clinical menifestations, metabolic and general changes, management of obstetrical shock
Maternal and child health” refers to
the promotive, preventive ,curative
and rehabilitative health care for
mothers and children ,child health,
family planning, school health,
handicapped children, adolescence
and health aspects of children in
special setting such as day care.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
High risk approach in maternal and child healthShrooti Shah
High risk pregnancy is defined as one which is complicated by factor or factors that adversely affects the pregnancy outcome –maternal or perinatal or both.The risk factors may be pre-existing prior to or at the time of first antenatal visit or may develop subsequently in the ongoing pregnancy labour or puerperium.
Over 50 percent of all maternal complications and 60 percent of all primary caesarean sections arise from the high risk group of cases.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
This topic contains definition, meaning, classification, pathophysiology, clinical menifestations, metabolic and general changes, management of obstetrical shock
Maternal and child health” refers to
the promotive, preventive ,curative
and rehabilitative health care for
mothers and children ,child health,
family planning, school health,
handicapped children, adolescence
and health aspects of children in
special setting such as day care.
To have the mother and child Healthy during the 9 months of pregnancy, Antenatal Care is must. This nine month is very crucial and intensive care should be provided to the mother.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. Definition
• Safe motherhood means that no woman and child
should die or be harmed by pregnancy or birth. Safe
motherhood begins with the assurance of basic safety
living as a girl and a woman in society.
• Safe motherhood is defined as a series of initiative,
practices and protocols and service delivery guideline
designed to ensure that women receive high quality
gynecological, family planning, prenatal, delivery and
post-partum care in order to achieve optimal health for
the mother, fetus and infants during pregnancy,
childbirth and post-partum.
3. Note: Safe motherhood is the concept that no
woman or fetus or baby should die or be
harmed by pregnancy or childbirth. This is
made possible by providing timely appropriate
and comprehensive quality obstetric care
during:
Preconception
Pregnancy
Childbirth
Puerperium
4. Components of safe motherhood
• Pre conception care
• Antenatal care
• Ante partum care
• Post-partum care
• Post-abortion care
• Emergency obstetric care/Life saving skills
• Care of the new born.
5. Major causes of maternal mortality
In Uganda 380 per 100,000 women die of pregnancy and
birth related complications which compromise mainly
of;
• Hemorrhage
• Sepsis
• Unsafe abortion
• Eclampsia
• Obstructed labour
• Infection
• Other direct causes
• Indirect causes
6. Predisposing factors to maternal
mortality and morbidity
• Early pregnancy (less than 20 years old)
• Uncontrolled fertility
• Low social economic status of women
• Poverty and lack of empowerment of women
• Lack of access to quality services
• Inadequate referral systems
• Lack of support from spouses
7. Pillars of Safe Motherhood
1. Family planning; to ensure that individuals and couples have the
information and services to plan the timing, number and spacing
of pregnancies and thus the number of unsafe abortion is
controlled
2. Antenatal care; to prevent complications where possible and
ensure that complications of pregnancy are treated appropriately
and very serious conditions referred within the shortest possible
time.
3. Clean/safe delivery and post natal care; to ensure that all birth
attendants have the knowledge, skills and equipment to perform a
clean and safe delivery and provide postpartum care to the
mother and baby, all women should have access to basic
maternity care during delivery.
4. Emergency obstetric care; to ensure that essential care for high
risk pregnancies and complications is made available to all women
and girls who need it. It is estimated that about 15 % of all normal
pregnancies end up with complications therefore the need to
always be prepared for emergency obstetric care.
9. The roles of community in safe
motherhood
The community can give support in several ways to make motherhood
safer:
1. Share the work load so that mother can avoid heavy physical work
2. Encourage pregnant mother to eat a balanced diet and rest than
usual especially during the last three months
3. Encourage mother to take their non-pills or other medication as
provided
4. Help with looking after children so that mother can go for
antenatal care an delivery in the hospital
5. Establish transport readiness for emergency referral and
obstetrical complications
6. Encourage risk mothers to use maternity waiting areas, if advised
to do so during antenatal care
7. Creates inform and motivated community based safe
motherhood groups
10. High Risk Pregnancy
This is the pregnancy that is likely to end up with
complication, death of the mother or baby or
both and the mother must be cared for or
delivered from a well-equipped health unit
under doctor‘s supervision
11. Some High Risk Mothers
1. Young primigravida age 16 below
2. Elderly PG age 35 and above
3. Multigravida of 5 and above
4. Mothers who have had 3 or more
miscarriages
5. Mothers in small statures- (153cm and
below)
6. Limping mothers
12. 7. Mothers with history of pelvic fractures
8. Cephalopelvic disproportion which is compound
9. Multiple pregnancy
10. Mothers with intra uterine fetal death (IUFD)
11. PPH on previous deliveries
12. Mothers with history of retained placenta on previous
delivery
13. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and nay mother with a
history of post eclampsia toxemia
14. Mothers with cardiac or renal diseases, essential
hypertension, diabetes, anemic, asthmatic, APH,
Rhesus negative (medical conditions)
15. Mothers with history of instrumental deliveries
16. Mothers with history of mental illness
17. Mothers with history of premature deliveries 18.
Mothers with history of 2 or more still birth
13. The Roles of a Husband in Safe
Motherhood
They are subdivided into:
1 During pregnancy
2 During child birth/labour
3 After delivery
4 In family planning
5 During child rearing
14. During pregnancy
1. To understand & appreciate the discomfort, anxiety & tiredness that
pregnancy may cause in a mother
2. Take over physically tiring tasks like working in the field, lifting heavy
loads, washing and scrubbing floors to avoid any work load on a woman
3. Take care of other children
4. Provide encouragement and emotional supports by trying not to make
demands on her and not criticizing
5. Learn about pregnant related conditions along with the mother to
enable him to help her more effectively and understand what she is
going through especially danger signs in pregnancy
6. Accompany the wife when going to the health center for antenatal care
and health education
7. Understand that good nutrition and medical care during pregnancy are
important and should provide it
8. Provide whatever money necessary to pay for transport fees, or
medication
9. Arrange to have transport ready in case of any emergency during
pregnancy and post natal care.
15. During Labour/Child Birth
1. Give money, clothing, transport, etc.
2. Stay with his wife during labour and delivery
to provide comfort and support
16. After Delivery
1. Adopt to a new person (baby) in his new life and
meets the baby‘s demands and needs especially
breastfeeding
2. Give the mother and the baby understanding,
support, attention and help her with day to day tasks
3. Contribute to having a healthy and happy family by
ensuring that the mother is well fed and that both the
mother and the baby receive medical care
4. Should be aware of danger signs that might
necessitate seeking for medical health
